Royal Bible—Yali Iyacindama ku Basoma Bonse

MU KUBANGILILA kwa ba1500 kwali ingalaba yalefuma ku Spain ukuya ku cofi ca ku Italy. Pa fyo yasendele pali ne fitabo ifyacindeme nga nshi, amakope ayengi aya Complutensian Polyglot Bible ayapulintilwe ukutendeka mu 1514 ukufika mu 1517. Mu kupumikisha, kwaishile icikuuku icikalamba. Abaleensha balyeseshe na maka ukuti ingalaba ibunda, lelo balifililwe. Ifyo fine e fyo ingalaba yabundile pamo ne fyuma fyonse ifyalimo.

Bulya busanso bwalengele kubeko ukulembwa cipya cipya ukwa Polyglot Bible. Mu kupita kwa nshita, Christophe Plantin uwaishibishe ukupulinta alisumine ukubomba uyo mulimo wakosa. Alefwaisha umukankala ukumwafwilishako ne ndalama pa kuti abombe uyu mulimo, e ico alombele Philip II imfumu ya ku Spain, ukumwafwilisha muli uyu mulimo. Lintu imfumu tailati icite icili conse, yabalile yaipushako bamo abasoma Baibolo aba mu calo ca Spain, ukusanshako no waishibikwe sana ukuti alisoma Baibolo Benito Arias Montano. Montano aebele Imfumu ukuti: “Iyi Baibolo nga yapilibulwa tayakalumbanye fye Lesa nelyo ukwafwilisha icalici lya Roma Katolika, lelo ikaleta umucinshi ku Bufumu Bwenu kabili mukalumbuka sana.”

Ukulembwa cipya cipya ukwa Complutensian Polyglot Baibolo kwali no kulenga ubufumu bwakwe ukulumbuka, e calengele Philip ukuipeelesha ukwafwilisha Plantin muli uyu mulimo. Apeele Arias Montano umulimo ukalamba uwa kulemba icaishileitwa Royal Bible, nelyo Baibolo wa Antwerp Polyglot.a

Philip alitemenwe sana pa kupilibulwa kwa iyi Polyglot Bible ica kuti alombele ukulamutuminako ifyalepulintwa pa kuti akabelengemo no kulungikamo. Plantin na o talefwaya ukulacelesha umulimo wakwe pa kulatuma ifilembelwe ukufuma ku Antwerp ukuya ku Spain, pa kuti fikabelengwemo no kulungikwa ne mfumu, kabili no kufibweseshamo. Na lyo line, Philip apokeleleko fye amapepala ya kutendekelako ayapulintilwe. Nangu cali fyo, Montano alitwalilile no mulimo wa kulungika ifyalelembwa, alikwete aba kumwafwako batatu abasambilila sana aba ku Louvain apali no mwana mwanakashi wa kwa Plantin.

Alitemenwe Icebo ca kwa Lesa

Arias Montano alebomba bwino na basoma bonse aba mu Antwerp. Pa mulandu wa kuti Arias Montano aleumfwa na ku fyo bambi balelanda, Plantin alimutemenwe kabili bucibusa bwabo no kwikatana fyalitwalilile mpaka ne mfwa. Montano aliibelele, te mu masomo fye mweka lelo na mu fyo atemenwe Icebo ca kwa Lesa.b Lintu ali umusepela, alefwaisha ukupwisha amasambililo yakwe pa kuti akaipeeleshe mu kusambilila Amalembo.

Arias Montano asumine ukuti ubupilibulo bwa Baibolo bulingile ukuba nga filya fine bailembele kale. Afwaishe ukupilibula filya fine fye yalembelwe mu kubangilila, pa kuti abantu bakabe ne shuko lya kubelenga Icebo ca kwa Lesa. Montano akonkele ifyo Erasmus alecincisha abasoma “ukulashimikila pali Kristu ukubomfya ifyalembwa fya kale.” Pa myaka iingi abantu tabaishibe ico Amalembo yalelandapo pantu tabaleumfwikisha iciLatin.

Baibolo ya Antwerp Polyglot Yalembwa

Yonse amamanyuskripti ayapekanishiwe no kulembululwa cipya cipya na Alfonso de Zamora pa kulemba Complutensian Polyglot yapeelwe kuli Arias Montano, e wa yabomfeshe mu kulemba Royal Bible.c

Amapange ya kubalilapo fye yali ya kuti Royal Bible ikabe kulembululwa cipya cipya ukwa Complutensian Polyglot, lelo yaishilecila na pali Complutensian Polyglot. Amalembo yaba muli Septuagint wa ciHebere no wa ciGriki yayambwilwe ukufuma muli Baibolo wa Complutensian; e lyo kwalilundwako na malembo ayapya ne fipande fya fyebo fyalundwako. Polyglot mupya asukile akwata amavolyumu 8. Ukupulinta kwasendele imyaka isano, ukutendeka mu 1568 ukufika mu 1572. Nangu ca kuti umulimo walikulile sana inshita bapooselepo yali inono. Mukulekeleshako, amakope 1,213 yalipulintilwe.

Complutensian Polyglot iya mu 1517 “yalilembelwe bwino sana” lelo Antwerp Polyglot yena yalicililepo ubusuma pantu babomfeshe amashiwi ayasuma kabili balilundileko ne ndimi shimbi. Nayo yalicindeme pa fitabo ifyo bapulintile, kabili ilabomfiwa sana mu kulungika ifyalembwa fibomfiwa pa kupilibula amaBaibolo.

Ukusanswa ku Balwani ba Cebo ca kwa Lesa

Tapakokwele abalwani ba yu Baibolo wapilibulwa bwino balimine. Nangu ca kuti Baibolo ya Antwerp Polyglot yalisuminishiwe na papa kabili Arias Montano alishibikwe bwino no kucindikwa ico ali uwasambilila, abalwani bakwe baile musoselela ku cilye. Bakakaanya batile umulimo wakwe ulelangilila kuti ubupilibulo bupya ubwa malembo aya ciLatin ubwa kwa Santes Pagninus bwalipilibulwa bwino sana nge fyo amalembo ya ciHebere ne ciGriki yaba ukucila Vulgate iyapilibwilwe kale sana. Na kabili bamubepeshe ukuti alebomfya iciHebere ne ciGriki pa kuti fye apange ubupilibulo bwalungama ubwa Baibolo, inshila iyo bamwene ukuti yalilubene.

Icilye calandile fye no kuti “ici tacacindamike Mfumu nangu panono iyayafwilisheko muli uyu mulimo.” Bayumfwile ukubipilwa pantu Montano tabomfeshe sana icalembwa cacindikwe nga nshi ica Vulgate. Te mulandu no bu bufi bonse, tabasangile icishinka ca kusenukila Montano nelyo Baibolo yakwe. Mukulekelesha, Royal Bible yalishibikwe, kabili eyo batendeke ukubomfya mu ma sukulu yakalamba.

Ilabomfiwa Sana mu Kupilibula Baibolo

Nangu ca kuti Baibolo ya Antwerp Polyglot tayali no kulabomfiwa ne cinabwingi, mu kwangufyanya bakapilibula ba Baibolo batampile ukuibomfya pa kupilibula. Nga fintu cali kuli Complutensian Polyglot iyabalilepo, Baibolo ya Antwerp Polyglot nayo ine yalibomfiwe ku kulungika Amalembo ayalipo pali ilya nshita. Kabili yalyafwilishe bakapilibula ukulaumfwikisha iciHebere ne ciGriki. Nangu fye ni bakapilibula ba Baibolo mu ndimi shimo isha ku Bulaya baliibomfya sana. Ku ca kumwenako, icitabo ca The Cambridge History of the Bible calanda ukuti bakapilibula ba Baibolo yaishibikwa sana iya King James Version, nangu Authorized Version, iya mu 1611 babomfeshe Baibolo wa Antwerp Polyglot iyali iyacindama sana ku kupilibula indimi sha kale. Na kabili, Royal Bible yalibomfiwa ku kupilibula amaBaibolo yabili aya Polyglot ayabomfiwa sana ayalembelwe mu myaka ya ba1600.—Moneni umukululo uleti “AmaBaibolo ya Polyglot.”

Cimo icalengele ukuti Baibolo ya Antwerp Polyglot iwame, ni co yalikwete ubupilibulo bwa Malembo ya ciGriki mu ciSyriac ayo abasoma Baibolo aba ku Bulaya balebomfya. Kulya kulembwa kwa mu ciSyriac kusangwa mu Baibolo yapilibulwa mu ciLatin. Caliweme sana ukubikako aya malembo, pantu amalembo ya ciSyriac yaba pa mabupilibulo yakokwesha aya Malembo ya ciGriki aya Bwina Kristu. Amalembo ya ciSyriac yapilibwilwe mu mwanda wa myaka uwalenga busano C.E. ukubomfya amamanyuskripti aya mu mwanda wa myaka uwalenga bubili C.E. Icitabo ca The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia catila: “Amalembo ya [Syriac] Peshitta yalicindama sana pantu yalabomfiwa mu kuceeceeta amalembo. Yaba ni yamo ayakokwesha kabili yalapeela ubunte ku ntambi sha kale.”

Ukubunda kwa ngalaba nelyo ukusanswa ne Cilye ca ku Spain takwacilikile ukulembululwa bwino bwino ukwa Complutensian Polyglot no kulundwako kwa malembo mu ndimi shimbi. Mu mwaka wa 1572 iyi Baibolo iyalembelwe cipya cipya batendeke ukuiita ati Royal Bible. Ifyacitike pa kuti Polyglot Bible iya ku Antwerp ilembwe fyaba ca kumwenako ca kubombesha uko abaume ba cishinka bacitile pa kucingilila Icebo ca kwa Lesa.

Atemwa balishibe nelyo iyo, ukuipeelesha kwa aba baume kwashininkishe amashiwi ya kusesema kwa kwa Esaya ukuba aya cine. Mupepi ne myaka 3,000 iyapitapo, Esaya alembele ukuti: “Umulemfwe uloma, iluba lilabonsa, lelo icebo ca kwa Lesa wesu caiminina umuyayaya.”—Esaya 40:8.

[Amafutunoti]

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“Icebo ca kwa Lesa wesu caiminina umuyayaya”

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AMABAIBOLO YA POLYGLOT

Umwina Spain uwasoma Baibolo Federico Pérez Castro alondolwele ukuti: “Baibolo wa Polyglot akwata indimi ishalekanalekana.” Kabili alundilepo ukutila: “Lyonse fye, ishiwi lya kuti Polyglot lilosha fye ku malembo yalembelwe mu ndimi sha kale, ne ci calenga ukuti kube fye impendwa iinono iya maBaibolo ya Polyglot.”

1. The Complutensian Polyglot (1514-1517), iyo Cardinal Cisneros ayafwilishe ukupilibula yapulintilwe mu musumba wa Alcalá de Henares, ku Spain. Amavolyumu 6 ayapanga uyu Baibolo yakwata amalembo mu ndimi shine: iciHebere, iciGriki, iciAramaic, ne ciLatin. Yalibomfiwe sana pa kupilibula Amalembo ya ciHebere ne ciAramaic mu myaka ya ba1500.

2. The Antwerp Polyglot (1568-1572), yalembelwe na Benito Arias Montano, yasanshishe kuli Complutensian Polyglot ubupilibulo bwa ciSyriac Peshitta ubwa Malembo ya ciGriki aya Bwina Kristu na Malembo ya Targum aya mu ciAramaic aya kwa Jonathan. Amalembo ya ciHebere, ayakwete amavawelo ne fyakwafwa ukushimbula amashiwi, yalilembulwilwe ukulingana na malembo ya ciHebere aya kwa Jacob ben Hayyim. Kanshi bakapilibula ba Baibolo batendeke ukubomfya Antwerp Polyglot pa kupilibula Amalembo ya ciHebere.

3. The Paris Polyglot (1629-1645), uwa yafwilishe ukuti ilembwe ni loya umwina France Guy Michel le Jay. Ukulembwa kwaiko kwashintilile sana pali Antwerp Polyglot, nomba iyi Baibolo yalikwete amalembo ya ciSamaritan ne ciArabic.

4. The London Polyglot (1655-1657), yalembelwe na Brian Walton, nayo ukulembwa kwaiko kwashintilile pali Baibolo ya Antwerp Polyglot. Muli uyu Polyglot mwali na mabupilibulo ya Baibolo aya kale mu lulimi lwa bena Ethopia no lwa bena Persia, nangu cingatila aya malembo tayayafwilishako nelyo panono ku kuwamya ubupilibulo bwa Baibolo.

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Banner and Antwerp Polyglots (two underneath): Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Antwerp Polyglot (on top): By courtesy of Museum Plantin-Moretus/Stedelijk Prentenkabinet Antwerpen; London Polyglot: From the book The Walton Polyglot Bible, Vol. III, 1655-1657

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Philip II, imfumu ya ku Spain

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Philip II: Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid

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Arias Montano

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Montano: Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid

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Fimashini fya kupulintilako ifya kubalilapo, mu Antwerp, ku Belgium

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Press: By courtesy of Museum Plantin-Moretus/Stedelijk Prentenkabinet Antwerpen

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Ku kuso: Kuli Christophe Plantin ne bula lilembelwepo ati Antwerp Polyglot

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Title page and Plantin: By courtesy of Museum Plantin-Moretus/Stedelijk Prentenkabinet Antwerpen

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Pa muulu: Icipandwa 15 ica Ukufuma mu ndimi shine

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Title page and Plantin: By courtesy of Museum Plantin-Moretus/Stedelijk Prentenkabinet Antwerpen

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Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid