Babiloni Mukalamba

Ubulondoloshi: Ubuteko bwa calo ubwa butotelo bwa bufi, ukusanshamo amabutotelo yonse ayo ifisambilisho fya yako ne fibelesho tafyumfwana no kupepa kwa cine ukwa kwa Yehova, Lesa eka fye uwa cine. Pa numa ya Lyeshi lya kasuba ka kwa Noa, ubutotelo bwa bufi bwatendeke pa Babele (pa numa paishibikwe nga pa Babiloni). (Ukute. 10:8-10; 11:4-9) Mu kupita kwa nshita, ifisumino fya butotelo bwa cina Babiloni ne fibelesho fyaanene ku fyalo ifingi. E co Babiloni Mukalamba abele ishina lyalinga ku butotelo bwa bufi bonse pamo.

Bushininkisho nshi busonta ku kwishibikwa kwa kwa Babiloni Mukalamba, aloshiwako mu Ukusokolola?

Te kuti abe umusumba wa pa kale uwa Babiloni. Ukusokolola kwalembelwe pa kupwa kwa mwanda wa myaka uwa kubalilapo C.E. kabili kulondolola ifiponako ifingafika ku kasuba kesu. The Encyclopedia Americana isoso kuti: “Umusumba [Babiloni] walicandilwe ku bena Persia pe samba lya kwa Sailasi Mukalamba mu 539 B.C. Pa numa Alexander Mukalamba apekenye ukucita Babiloni ukuba umusumba ukalamba uwa buteko bwakwe ubwa ku kabanga, lelo pa numa ya mfwa yakwe Babiloni panono panono yalufishe ukucindama kwa iko.” (1956, Vol. III, ibu. 7) Ilelo umusumba waba fitantala fishingekalwamo.

Mu cilangililo ca Ukusokolola, Babiloni Mukalamba aloshiwako ngo “musumba ukalamba,” “ubufumu” ubuteka pa shamfumu shimbi. (Ukus. 17:18) Ukupala umusumba, kuti akwata amateyanyo ayengi muli wene; kabili ukupala ubufumu ubusanshamo ishamfumu shimbi mu maka ya buko, kuti aba wa bukulu bwa pa kati ka nko. Alondololwa ngo wakwata ukwampana na bakateka ba bupolitiki no kusangwilako apakalamba ku fyuma fya bantu ba mu makwebo, ilintu umwine aba iciputulwa ca butatu ‘icaisaba ubwikalo bwa fiwa’ kabili kapakasa wa ‘bakasesema na ba mushilo.’—Ukus. 18:2, 9-17, 24.

Babiloni wa pa kale mu kupulamo aishibikwe ku butotelo bwakwe ne misuula yakwe kuli Yehova

Ukute. 10:8-10: “Nimrode . . . Wene ali mubamfi wakosa [ku kulwisha] Yehova. . . . Pa kutendeka ubufumu bwakwe bwali Babele [pa numa yaishibikwe nga Babiloni].”

Dan. 5:22, 23: “Na imwe [Belshasari imfumu ya Babiloni] . . . mwaitumpwile pali Shikulu wa mu mulu, . . . mwatasha ne milungu ya silfere ne ya golde, iya mukuba, iya cela, iya cimuti, ne ye bwe, iishimona nangu kuumfwa nangu kwishiba; kabili tamwacindika Lesa uo umupu wenu uli mu minwe yakwe, no mo mulosha monse mwakwe.”

Ukulembwa kwa pa kale ukwa kyunifomu kubelengwo kuti: “Yonse pamo mwaba amatempele 53 mu Babiloni aya balesa bakalamba, na mayanda ya kupepelamo 55 aya kwa Marduk, amayanda ya kupepelamo 300 aya milungu ya pe sonde, 600 iya milungu ya mu mulu, imfuba 180 isha kwa lesa mwanakashi Ishtar, 180 aya balesa Nergal na Adad ne mfuba shimbi 12 isha balesa bapusanapusana.”—Ukwambulwa muli The Bible as History (New York, 1964), W. Keller, ibu. 301.

The Encyclopedia Americana ilandapo ukuti: “Ukutumpuluka kwa Sumerian [iyali ulubali lwa Babilonia] kwalaminwe na bashimapepo; pa mulu wa buteko pali lugal (mu kukonke shiwi ‘umwaume mukalamba’), umwiminishi wa balesa.”—(1977), Vol. 3, ibu. 9.

Mu kubamo ukupelulula, kanshi, Babiloni Mukalamba nga fintu aloshiwako mu Kusokolola aba wa butotelo. Ukupala umusumba kabili ubuteko, tapeleshiwa kwi bumba limo ilya butotelo lelo amabutotelo yonse yakaanya Yehova, Lesa wa cine.

Imfundo sha butotelo bwa cina Babiloni ubwa pa kale ne fibelesho filasangwa mu mabutotelo mu kusalala kwa calo

“Egupti, Persia, na Greece balyumfwile ukusonga kwa butotelo bwa cina Babiloni . . . Ukutumbinkanya kukalamba ukwa fibombelo fya ciSemitic ponse pabili mu nshimi sha kubangilila isha ciGreek ne mipepele ya ciGreek nomba fyalisuminwa mu cinkumbawile ku basambi ica kukanafwaya ukulandapo na kumbi. Ifi fibombelo fya ciSemitic ku cipimo cikalamba mu kulungatika fyaba fya cina Babiloni.”—The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria (Boston, 1898), M. Jastrow, Jr., amabu. 699, 700.

Balesa babo: Kwali bubutatu bwa balesa, kabili pa kati ka bulesa bwabo kwali abo baleimininako amaka yalekanalekana aya cifyalilwa na bumo ubwabeleshe ukusonga kwaibela mu mibombele imo iya mutundu wa muntu. (Babylonian and Assyrian Religion, Norman, Okla.; 1963, S. H. Hooke, amabu. 14-40) “Bulesa butatu ubwa kwa Plato, ubwine bwine ukuba ukutantika cipya cipya ukwa balesa ba bubutatu aba nshiku sha bantu ba mu kubangilila, bumoneka ukuba bulesa butatu bwa maele yabamo kupelulula aya mibele iyatendeke bulesa butatu nelyo abantu ba bulesa ubwasambilishiwe na macalici ya bwina Kristu. . . . Imfundo ya wa maele ya ciGreek [iya kwa Plato] iya bulesa butatu . . . kuti yasangwa mu mabutotelo yonse [aya cisenshi] aya pa kale.”—Nouveau Dictionnaire Universel (Paris, 1865-1870), ukulembwa na M. Lachâtre, Vol. 2, ibu. 1467.

Ukubomfya ifipasho: “[Mu butotelo bwa mu Mesopotamia] ulubali lwa cipasho lwali lwa pa kati mu mipepele pamo pene na mu kupepa kwa pa mbali, nga fintu ukwananishiwa kwasalala ukwa fikope fyasuulwa ifya fipasho fya musango yo kulanga. Mu kutendekelako, umulungu walemonwa ukubapo mu cipasho ca uko nga ca kuti calangile imbali shimo isha kulungatika ne fibombelo kabili wasakamenwe mu nshila yalinga.”—Ancient Mesopotamia—Portrait of a Dead Civilization (Chicago, 1964), A. L. Oppenheim, ibu. 184.

Icisumino ukukuma ku mfwa: “Atemwa abantu nelyo intungulushi she tontonkanyo lya butotelo [mu Babiloni] tababalile abalolenkana no kucitikako kwa kulofiwa umupwilapo ukwa cintu cimo icaleitwa inshita imo ukubako. Imfwa yali kuselela ku musango umbi uwa bumi.”—The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria, ibu. 556.

Icifulo ca bushimapepo: “Ukulekana pa kati ka kwa shimapepo no muntuuntu fye kwalishibikwa muli ubu butotelo [bwa cina Babiloni].”—Encyclopædia Britannica (1948), Vol. 2, ibu. 861.

Ukubelesha ukulengule ntanda, ukubuka, amalele no buloshi: Kalemba wa malyashi ya kale A. H. Sayce alemba ukuti: “[Mu] butotelo bwa Babilonia wa pa kale . . . icintu conse na maka ya cifyalilwa caletunganishiwa ukukwata zi nelyo umupashi wa ciko, uwingalamwa ku kutamfya imipashi ukwa malele ukwa kwa Shaman, nelyo umuloshi.” (The History of Nations, New York, 1928, Vol. I, ibu. 96) “Abena Kaldi [abena Babiloni] bacitile ukulunduluka kukalamba mu kusambilila intanda ukupitila mu kubombesha kwa kusanga inshita ya ku ntanshi mu ntanda. Uyu mulimo tuwita ‘ukulengule ntanda.’”—The Dawn of Civilization and Life in the Ancient East (Chicago, 1938), R. M. Engberg, ibu. 230.

Babiloni Mukalamba apala cilende, uwikala mu maliila yabule nsoni

Ukusokolola 17:1-5 kusoso kuti: “Isa kuno nkulange ukusekwa kwa mwanakashi cilende mukalamba uwaikala pa menshi ayengi [abantu na bantu]. uo ishamfumu [bakateka ba bupolitiki] sha pe sonde shacitile nankwe ubulalelale, na baikala pe sonde bakolelwe umwangashi wa bulalelale bwakwe. . . . pa mpumi yakwe napalembwe shina lya cishibilo, ilya kuti, [Babiloni] mukalamba, nyina wa banakashi ba cilende kabili wa fya muselu fya pano nse.” Ukusokolola 18:7 kulandapo ukuti “aicindamikile no kuba no kuipakisha kwa bucisenene.”

Bushe tacaba ica cine ukuti amateyanyo yakalamba aya butotelo yalicita cene ukube cibelesho ukwipushanya na bakateka ba bupolitiki ku maka no bunonshi bwa fimoneka, nelyo cingatila ici cafumamo ukucula ku bantuuntu fye? Bushe tacaba na kabili ica cine ukuti bashibutotelo babo abasumbuka bekala mu maliila, nelyo cingatila abantu abengi abo balingile ukutumikilako baba mu bupiina?

Mulandu nshi amabutotelo ayaitunga ukuba aya bwina Kristu mu kulinga yengamwenwa ngo lubali lwa Babiloni Mukalamba, pamo na abo abashaishiba icili conse pa lwa kwa Lesa wa mu Baibolo?

Yako. 4:4: “Mwe banakashi bacende, bushe tamwaishibo kuti ukuba na bucibusa ne calo bulwani kuli Lesa? E ico uyo afwayo kuba bucibusa ne calo aicito mulwani kuli Lesa.” (E co, nelyo cingatila balishiba cintu Baibolo isosa pa lwa kwa Lesa, baicita abene abalwani bakwe nga basoobolapo bucibusa ne calo pa kupashanya inshila sha ciko.)

2 Kor. 4:4; 11:14, 15: “Umulungu wa nshita ino wapofwishe imitima ya bashitetekela, ku kulesho kuca kuli bene ulubuuto lwa mbila nsuma ya bukata bwa kwa Kristu, uuli cipasho ca kwa Lesa.” “Satana umwine aifungushanya ku kuba malaika wa lubuuto. E ico te ca kupapa nga bakapyunga wakwe baifungushanya kwati ni bakapyunga wa bulungami; impela yabo ikaba ifyabe milimo yabo.” (Muli ifyo icibambe cikalamba ica kwa Yehova, Satana Ciwa umwine, mu cituntulu alacindikwa kuli aba bonse abo bashipepa Lesa wa cine mu nshila iyo Asonta, nelyo fye pambi bengatunga ukuba abena Kristu. Mona na kabili 1 Abena Korinti 10:20.)

Mat. 7:21-23: “Te onse uutila kuli ine [Yesu Kristu], Shikulu, Shikulu, akengila mu bufumu bwa mu mulu iyo; kano uucite cifwaya Tata wa mu mulu. Abengi muli bulya bushiku bakatila kuli ine, Mwe Shikulu, mwe Shikulu, bushe tatwasesemene mwi shina lyenu? bushe tatwafumishe ifiwa mwi shina lyenu? bushe tatwacitile ifya maka ifingi mwi shina lyenu? Kabili e lyo nkasosa kuli bene, nkatila, Nshamwishiba nakalya; fumeni apa, mwe bacita amampuulu.”

Mulandu nshi cibelele ice pamfya ukufuma muli Babiloni Mukalamba ukwabulo kushingashinga?

Ukus. 18:4: “Fumenimo muli wene, mwe bantu bandi, epali mwawilako mu membu shakwe, epali mwakumako ku fikunka fyakwe.”

Ukus. 18:21: “Malaika uwakosa abuulile ilibwe nge mpelo nkalamba, no kuifubula muli bemba, ati, E fyo umusumba ukalamba, Babele, ukafubulwa pa nshi fubu, no kumoneka kabili nakalya.”

Luka 21:36: “Loleni mu nshita yonse, mube abapapata ukuti mukose ku kupusuka kuli ifi fyonse ifikesapona, no kwiminina ku menso ya Mwana wa muntu.”

Cinshi cikacitika ku bantu abashaishibe icine ca mu Baibolo lelo abaikeleko no kufwa ku numa pamo ngo lubali lwa Babiloni Mukalamba?

Imil. 17:30: “Inshita sha kukanaishiba shena Lesa alishisuulile, lelo nomba akonkomesha abantu bonse konse konse ukulapila.”

Imil. 24:15: “Kukabako kwima ku bafwa kwa balungama na bashalungama.” (Ukukuma ku “bashalungama” abakabuushiwa, Lesa akapingulapo.)

Yobo 34:12: “Lelo cine cine Lesa tabifya, kabili Wa maka yonse tapondamika bupingushi.”