Akwa-Kulumbununa Aali waze Afunyishine Jina lia Zambi mu Novo Testamento

Yilemba yimwe yize atu anji akulinga yili kulemba cha Mwene, chize Yesu alongesele tumbaji twenyi. Yilemba yacho yili mu Novo Testamento. Yinaputuka ngwo: “Tata nuli mu malilu, jina lienu lipwe lisandu [hanji ngwetu lipeme].” (Mateu 6:9) Jina lia Zambi, mu chokwe kakulilumbununa ngwo, “Yehova,” alioze chili chikalu mu Mbimbiliya jimwe ja chokwe kuwana jina liacho mu Novo Testamento. Mbimbiliya jacho muli majina a tuzambi a mahuza ngwe, Yupita, Merkuriu ni Ndiana. Mba mumu liaka katongwelemo jina lia Zambi wamwenemwene, Mwenya Mbimbiliya?—Yilinga 14:12; 19:35; 2 Timoteu 3:16.

Akwa-kulumbununa Mbimbiliya mu Inglês avuluka ngwo, Lancelot Shadwell ni Frederick Parker kapwile ni shindakenyo ngwo, jina lia Zambi katamba kulifunyisa mu Novo Testamento. Mumu liaka azachishile liji ngwo, “kulifunyisa”? Mumu o kanyingikine ngwo, jina lia Zambi liapwilemo, chocho kulutwe yalichiza. Mumu liaka ahashile kwamba chocho?

Shadwell ni Parker kanyingikine ngwo yivungo yize kanji-kanji akuvuluka ngwo, Velho Testamento, kaliangile kuyisoneka mu Hepreu, jina lia Zambi liapwilemo mu yihela yinji. Kashika, alihulile ngwo mumu liaka yivungo ya Novo Testamento yize o apwile nayo te kuyishi ni jina lia Zambi.a Chikwo nawa, Shadwell kamwene ngwenyi, ha yihela haze mu yivungo ya Novo Testamento anazachisa maliji a Velho Testamento, ngwe “mungelo wa Yehova” akwa-kulinga kopia mu Yisoneko ya Ngregu kachijile jina lia Zambi ni kusaho chisanyiko ngwe Kyʹri·os, chize chinalumbunuka ngwo “Mwene.”—2 Mianangana 1:3, 15; Yilinga 12:23.

Chipwe muze Shadwell ni Parker te kanda achituhwisa Mbimbiliya jize alumbunwine mu Inglês, akwa-kulumbununa akwo te hanafunyisa jina lia Zambi mu Novo Testamento mu Mbimbiliya jize o alumbunwine, alioze mu yihela yikehe wika.b Shimbu te kanda aheta ha 1863, muze Parker atuhwishile Mbimbiliya avuluka ngwo, Literal Translation of the New Testament, te kukushi mukwa-kulumbununa niumwe mu inglês yoze wafunyishine jina lia Zambi ha yihela yinji mu Novo Testamento. Mba yika tunanyingika hali Lancelot Shadwell ni Frederick Parker?

Lancelot Shadwell

Lancelot Shadwell (1808-1861) kapwile ngaji hanji ngwetu advogado, mwana wa Sir Lancelot Shadwell yoze wapwile muhato mu unguvulu wa mu Inglaterra. Mwana te kakuya mu Yingeleja ya akwa-Inglaterra. Chipwe ngwe te kakutayiza longeso lia tuzambi atatu, nihindu iye te kakulemesa jina lia Zambi ni kulisolola ngwo “YEHOVA lili jina lilemu.” Mikanda yize alumbunwine, Evanjelu ya Mateu, ni Marku, iye yazachisa jina “Yehova” ha yisuho 28 mu yisoneko yene ni ha ma nota ha yisuho 465.

Shadwell hanji kanyingikine jina lia Zambi ha kulimona mu Velho Testamento mu yisoneko yitangu ya Hepreu. Kashika ahashile kwamba ngwenyi, atu waze achijile jina lia Zambi mu yisoneko ya Ngregu yize anjile ha Velho Testamento ni kusaho Kyʹri·os “kakapwile ni umwenemwene.”

Evangelu ya Mateu mu Inglês yize yili ni nota, ya L. Shadwell (1859), yili mu Bodleian Libraries. Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 UK. Yakululieka: Yisoneko yakutemuna

Mu Mbimbiliya yize alumbunwine, Shadwell yazachisa jina “Yehova” ha Mateu 1:20. Ha nota yize asele ha versu yacho, yamba ngwenyi: “Liji [Kyʹri·os] mu versu yino ni mu versu jikwo mu Novo Testamento linalumbunuka YEHOVA, lie jina lia Zambi. Kashika, chili chilemu kufunyisa liji liacho mu Mbimbiliya ya Inglês.” Yaweza nawa ngwenyi: “Chino twatamba kuchilinga hanga tuhalise Zambi. Iye mwene kambile ngwenyi, yami YEHOVA: chuma chilemu chize twatamba kulinga chili kuzachisa jina liacho muze tunahanjika nenyi.” Mba hiyamba ngwenyi: “Mbimbiliya yetu E.V [Established, Authorized hanji Versão Rei Jaime] chikalu kuwanamo jina YEHOVA . . . Shimbu tuwanemo jina lia Zambi, twakutangamo ngwetu, Mwene.” Shadwell yamba ngwenyi: “Kuchalitele kusalakanyisa jina lia Zambi ni chisanyiko Mwene.” Yaweza nawa ngwenyi, atu che akumusanyika chipwe ku zuwo lienyi.

Shadwell katuhwishile mukanda wa Mateu ha 1859, mba Mateu ni Marku yayituhwisa yeswe hamuwika ha 1861. Alioze, mulimo wenyi yiuheta kusongo. Iye yafwa ha 11 ya Janeiro, 1861. Chipwe chocho, tachi jize asele kujakayile mu meya.

Frederick Parker

Mukanda wa Mateu uze Shadwell alumbunwine ya uzanga chinji kuli umwe pichi mukwa-mingoso ku Londres yoze avuluka ngwo, Frederick Parker (1804-1888). Parker yaputuka kulumbununa Novo Testamento muze apwile ni miaka 20. Kulisa ni Shadwell, Parker yalituna longeso lia tuzambi atatu. Yasoneka ngwenyi: “[Muchilita] Yingeleja yeswe ya Mwana [wa Zambi] . . . yitayize yuma yize yili yamwenemwene ni kuwayila wika Mukwa-Ndundo-Jeswe, Yehova.” Parker yamba nawa ngwenyi, yivungo ya Novo Testamento yize yakuzachisa Kyʹri·os chipwe ngwe hali Mwene Zambi hanji Mwene Yesu, nihindu kakutwala atu alumbangane hali ayo eswe aali. Chocho, yazanga chinji muze amwene ngwo ha versu jimwe Shadwell kalumbunwine Kyʹri·os ngwe “Yehova.”

Kuchi Parker ahashile kunyingika yuma yino yeswe? Iye kalilongesele Ngregu ni kusoneka mikanda yinji hamwe ni tumafwo mu Ngregu. Iye nawa yaputuka kukalakala ku shikola ya Anglo-Bíblico, chino yichimukwasa kuhengola yivungo ya Mbimbiliya ni nyonga lia kululieka Mbimbiliya ja Inglês. Ha 1842, Parker yatuhwisa yihanda yinji ya Mbimbiliya ya Novo Testamento ni jikwo nawa.c

Tachi jize Parker asele hanga afunyise jina lia Zambi

Ha yimwe miaka, Parker yasoneka hakutwala ku yihula yino: “Ha shimbu lika liji Kyʹri·os linatale hali Mwene Yesu, nawa ha shimbu lika linatale hali Mwene Zambi?” “Mumu liaka liji Kyʹri·os kanji-kanji akulizachisa ngwe jina, hi ko ngwe chisanyiko?”

Muze Parker amwene mukanda wa Mateu uze Shadwell alumbunwine ha 1859 ni ulumbunwiso uze asele ha liji Kyʹri·os, iye yapwa ni shindakenyo ngwenyi ha versu jimwe liji Kyʹri·os “katamba kulilumbununa ngwo Yehova.” Chocho yahengwola Novo Testamento yoze alumbunwine hanga asemo jina “Yehova” ha chihela cheswacho amwene ngwenyi, ndo lipweho kulita ni kontextu hanji kuhanjika cha Ngregu. Hachino, chihanda chitangu chize Parker atuhwishile ha 1863 avuluka ngwo Literal Translation of the New Testament mwapwile jina lia Zambi yisuho 187 ha yisoneko yene. Chinasoloka ngwe yino yili Mbimbiliya yitangu mu Inglês yize yili ni jina lia Zambi mu yisoneko yeswe ya Ngregu ya akwa-Kristu.d

Ha 1864, Parker yatuhwisa nawa Novo Testamento yikwo mu Inglês avuluka ngwo New Testament . . . With the Authorized English Version. Nyonga lienyi lia kuchinga Testamento jino hanga jipwe mukanda umuwika liasolwele pundu chize Mbimbiliya yize alumbunwine yalisele chinji ni jikwo.e

Mba asolole ulemu wa kufunyisa jina lia Zambi, Parker yatongola jimwe versu mu Mbimbiliya Authorized Version, kuchingako ni A-Roma 10:13 haze tunatange ngwetu: “Mumu mweswawo matambika ha jina lia Mwene, kumakamulamwina.” Parker yahula ngwenyi: “[Iya] hananyongo kama ngwo Mbimbiliya Authorized English ha versu jino, yinahanjika hali Yehova hi hali Mwanenyi ko, mwene wetu Yesu Kristu”?

Parker yazachisa mbongo jinji hanga atuhwise mikanda ni kukwasa kumwanga sango ja yize te akusoneka. Hachino, ha mwaka umuwika wika ya gastala mbongo ja libras 800 jize musono mujihasa kupwa mu unji wa 100,000 libras ya ku britânico ($132,000). Iye yatuma nawa ma kopia awana a mikanda yize atuhwishile kuli mananga a mayingeleja waze te anyingika chinji hanga ayihengwole.

Mikanda ni Novo Testamento alumbunwine Parker, kayilelesele kuli amwe akwa-mana. Akwa-mana wano kakalemesene tachi yize iye, Shadwell ni atu akwo asele hanga afunyise jina lia Zambi mu Novo Testamento mu Inglês.

Muzanga nawa chinji kutala chinema cha minutu yitano mu Museu wa ku Warwick chize chinahanjika ha “Mbimbiliya ni ha Jina lia Zambi.”