Masada—Ntak Enye Okotịbede-e?
“KO KE anyanini, mbon uko nsan̄a mi, nnyịn ima ibiere ite ke idinamke n̄kpọ inọ mbon Rome m̀mê owo en̄wen ekededi ibọhọke Abasi ikpọn̄îkpọn̄ . . . Ẹdi, ke adan̄aemi ubọk nnyịn odude ndikama akan̄kan̄ . . . Ẹyak nnyịn ikpan̄a mbemiso nnyịn ikabade idi ifụn inọ mme asua nnyịn, inyụn̄ ikpọn̄ uwem emi ọtọkiet nte nditọisọn̄ ye nditọ ye iban nnyịn!”
Nte mbụk ọdọhọde, edi Eleazar, eyen Jair (m̀mê Ben Yaʼir), ọkọnọ mme andikpeme Masada mbukpek mbukpek item mbrenyịn emi. Ewetmbụk eset eke akpa isua ikie oro, Josephus, ekewet emi ke n̄wed esie oro, The Jewish War. Ntak emi adaiso owo Jew oro akakpakde nsan̄a esie ndisịn idem ke akpakịp uwotowo ye uwotidem, oro okpụhọrede ye ibet Abasi? (Exodus 20:13) Ke edide akpan n̄kpọ akan, didie ke ifiọk aban̄ade mme n̄kpọntịbe oro ẹkeme ndin̄wam fi ọbọhọ afai afai ererimbot eyomfịn?
Mbon Afaka eke Masada
Mbemiso en̄wan mbon Jew akasiahade ke 66 C.E., ẹma ẹnịm udịmekọn̄ ukpeme mbon Rome ke Masada, kpa enyọn̄ obot kiet oro ekedide ọkpọsọn̄ ebiet odude ekpere Inyan̄ Inụn̄. Okposụkedi Masada okodude ke nsannsan ebiet, Akamba Herod ama anam ẹbọp ediye ufọkubọn̄ ini etuep do. Enye ama anam ẹbọp itie ubọ mmọn̄ oro akakam anamde ẹsiyere ufiop mmọn̄. Ke edide akpan n̄kpọ akan, nte ededi, ke idak ukara mbon Rome, ọkpọsọn̄ ebiet emi ama enyene akwa ufọk ubon n̄kpọekọn̄. Ke ini usua oro ẹkesuade mbon Rome oro ẹkedụn̄de ke Palestine ọkọsọn̄de ubọk, n̄kpọekọn̄ oro ẹkedu ke idiọk idaha ndibe ndụk ubọk mme Jew mbon en̄wan ukpụhọ ukara. Utọ otu oro kiet ekedi Sicarii emi ọwọrọde “mbon afaka,” ẹmi ẹsiakde ke Bible nte ẹbuanade ke ntịme.—Utom 21:38, NW.
Ke 66 C.E mbon afaka oro ẹma ẹbọ Masada ẹda. Ye mme n̄kpọekọn̄ mmọ oro ẹkenyenede obufa obufa, mmọ ẹma ẹnam isan̄ ẹdụk Jerusalem ke ndin̄wam en̄wan oro ẹken̄wanade ye ukara mbon Rome. Akpakịp uwotowo oro mme Jew mbon en̄wan ukpụhọ ukara ẹkewotde udịmekọn̄ ukpeme mbon Rome ke Masada ye ke Jerusalem ama ada iyatesịt Obio Ukara Rome odori nditọ obio mmọ ke idem. Mbemiso 66 C.E. okokụrede, Udịmekọn̄ mbon Rome ọyọhọ Duopeba ke idak Cestius Gallus ama anam isan̄ odụk Judea onyụn̄ anam nna ke edem obio Jerusalem. Mbon Rome ẹma ẹda en̄wan ẹdụk obio ke kpukpru ikpehe ẹnyụn̄ ẹka anyan ẹkesịm ẹdidọk itiat idakisọn̄ temple ke n̄kan̄ edem edere. Inikiet inikiet Gallus ama ada udịmekọn̄ esie afiak edem ndien ye unana eti ntak ama ọkpọn̄ Judea. Josephus, emi okokụtde n̄kpọ emi ke enyịn ekewet ete: “Ke ekpedide enye ama osụk ọkọbọ ke en̄wan oro esisịt, enye akpakakan Obio oro inikiet.”
Edi mbon Rome ikokụreke. Isua inan̄ ke ukperedem, Titus, akwa owoekọn̄ mbon Rome ama anam isan̄ odụk Jerusalem ye udịm mbonekọn̄ inan̄.a Isan̄ enyeemi ẹma ẹsobo ofụri obio oro, ndien ẹma ẹfiak ẹda Judea ẹsịn ke idak ọkpọsọn̄ ukara Rome. Kpukpru ke mîbọhọke Masada.
Ke ẹbierede ndisọhi akpatre n̄kpri n̄kpọ ubiọn̄ọ emi mfep, mbon Rome ẹma ẹbọp ndodobi ibibene itiat ye itienna itiaita ẹmi ẹnyenede ibibene itiat ẹkanade ọkpọsọn̄ ebiet emi ẹkụk. Mmọ ke akpatre ẹma ẹbọp ebọp ntan oro okosịmde etịn̄e—kpa ubọknnam n̄wewere n̄wewere ebọp oro ọkọniọn̄de ke ikpat 645 okonyụn̄ okon̄de ke ikpat 180! Ke enyọn̄ esie mmọ ẹma ẹbọp tọwa ẹnyụn̄ ẹwụk ukwak un̄wana ekọn̄ ndida n̄wụri ibibene Masada. Akakam edi ndinọ ini ndien mbonekọn̄ Rome ẹyebụn̄ ẹdụk ẹnyụn̄ ẹbọ akpatre ọkpọsọn̄ ebiet mbon Judea emi ẹda!
Mfịn in̄wan̄în̄wan̄ idiọn̄ọ itienna mbon Rome, ibibene oro ẹkebọpde ẹkanade ẹkụk, ye akwa ebọp oro ẹtie ntiense ke nte en̄wan mme Jew okosịmde utịt. Ntatara utom udọkisọn̄ nyom n̄kpọ eset eke Masada ama osịm utịt ke 1965. Ke etịn̄de aban̄a mme n̄kpọ oro ẹkekụtde, The New Encyclopædia Britannica (1987) ọdọhọ ete: “Ẹma ẹkụt mme n̄kpọ oro Josephus, ewetmbụk eset eketịn̄de aban̄a Mbon Rome ye mme Jew, emi tutu ke ini oro ekedide n̄kukụre andinọ ọyọhọ mbụk aban̄ade Masada, nte edide ata nnennen.”
Edi ye mbon Rome ẹyomde ndiwụri ibibene ndụk, didie ke mbon afaka ekenam n̄kpọ ẹban̄a ikọ uwotidem oro Eleazar, eyen Jair eketịn̄de? Josephus ewet ete: “Kpukpru mmọ ẹwot ubon mmọ; . . . ekem ke ẹma ẹkemek owo duop ke ndisịn afia man ẹdi mme andiwot nsụhọ eken, owo kiet kiet ama osụhọde ana adiana n̄wan ye nditọ esie, ndien, ke ẹma ẹkeda ubọk ẹwan̄ mmọ, ẹsio itọn̄ mmọ ẹnọ mbon oro ẹyomde ndinam ọkpọsọn̄ utom emi.b Mbon ẹmi ye unana ndịk ẹma ẹwot mmọ kpukpru, ekem mbon eken ẹma ẹtiene ukem usụn̄ edinam oro, . . . edi akanian̄wan kiet, ọkọrọ ye efen . . . ẹma ẹbọhọ . . . Mbon oro ẹkekpan̄ade ẹma ẹsịm ikie usụkkiet ye ata, ẹsịnede iban ye nditọ.”
Ntak emi en̄wan mme Jew okosịmde utịt ye n̄kpọ mmọn̄eyet ntre-e? Ndi enye enyene n̄kpọ ndinam ye uwem ye n̄kpa Jesus eke Nazareth?
[Mme Ikọ Idakisọn̄]
a Ke Masada, mme ọdọkisọn̄ nyom n̄kpọ eset ẹma ẹkụt mme okụk ke ediwak ikie ye mme uwetn̄kpọ Hebrew ẹkedarade en̄wan oro, utọ nte “Eke Ubọhọ Zion” ye “Edisana Jerusalem.” Dr. Yigael Yadin anam an̄wan̄a ke n̄wed esie oro, Masada ete: “Mme okụk ẹdude ke mme n̄kpọ oro nnyịn ikokụtde ẹda ẹban̄a ofụri isua en̄wan oro, ọtọn̄ọde ke isua kiet osịm ata ukperedem isua ition, kpa akpatre isua oro ẹkebotde okụk oro, asan̄ade ekekem ye isua 70 A.D emi ẹkesobode Temple Jerusalem.” Se okụk oro ke enyọn̄ emi.
b Ke akpan itie kiet ekperede kiet ke otu inuaotop Masada, ẹma ẹkụt mbai esombat 11, ẹmi ẹwetde ibio ibio nditịk enyịn̄ Hebrew ke mmọ kiet kiet. Ediwak nditọ ukpepn̄kpọ ẹnọ ekikere ẹte ke ẹmi ekeme ndidi mme afia oro Josephus eketịn̄de aban̄a. Ẹkewet “Ben Ya’ir” ke kiet, emi ọwọrọde “eyen Jairus.” Louis Feldman ke n̄wed esie oro, Josephus and Modern Scholarship ewet ete: “Edifiọhọ oro Yadin ọkọfiọhọde mme afia, esịnede kiet emi enyịn̄ oro, Ben Jair okodude, edi akakan n̄kpọ oro ọsọn̄ọde mbụk Josephus.”
[Ndide edem]
Masada—Uyarade Nte ke Messiah Ama Edi?
[Ndise ke page 4]
Okụk mme Jew eke 67 C.E., emi asiakde “Isua 2” eke en̄wan ye Rome
[Ebiet Ẹdade N̄kpọ Ẹto]
Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.