Nsu 1: Ukpọn̄ Ikpaha ke Nsinsi

Didie ke nsu emi ọkọtọn̄ọ? “Akpa mme Christian oro ẹkedide mbon akwaifiọk ẹma ẹnyịme se mbon Greece ẹkekpepde ke ukpọn̄ isikpaha ke nsinsi ẹnyụn̄ ẹkere ke Abasi esibot ukpọn̄ esịn owo ke idem toto ke idịbi.”—The New Encyclopædia Britannica (1988), Eboho 11, page 25.

Bible ọdọhọ didie? “Ukpọn̄ eke anamde idiọk ayakpa n̄kpa.”—Ezekiel 18:4.

Bible etịn̄ nte ẹkebotde akpa owo emi ekedide ukpọn̄ ete: ‘Jehovah Abasi obot owo ke ntanisọn̄, onyụn̄ ọduọk ibifịk uwem esịn ke odudu ibuo esie; ndien owo akabade edi ukpọn̄ [Hebrew, neʹphesh] eke odude uwem.’—Genesis 2:7.

Ikọ Hebrew oro neʹphesh, emi ẹkabarede “ukpọn̄,” ọwọrọ ‘edibotn̄kpọ oro okotde ibifịk.’ Ke ini Abasi okobotde Adam, Enye ikesịnke enye ukpọn̄ emi mîkemeke ndikpa ke idem, edi ekesịn enye odudu uwem ndien enye ndikot ibifịk akanam odudu uwem emi aka iso. Ke ntre, ke ini Bible etịn̄de aban̄a “ukpọn̄,” enye etịn̄ aban̄a ofụri odu-uwem n̄kpọ kiet. Edieke ukpọn̄ mînyeneke aba odudu uwem oro Abasi ekesịnde enye ke idem, ukpọn̄ oro ayakpa.—Genesis 3:19; Ezekiel 18:20.

Ukpepn̄kpọ ukpọn̄ ikpaha ke nsinsi anam ẹbụp mbụme emi: Ukpọn̄ esika m̀mọ̀n̄ ke ini owo akpade? Nso isitịbe inọ ukpọn̄ ndiọi owo? Ke ini mme inua-okot Christian ẹkenyịmede ke ukpọn̄ isikpaha, emi ama anam mmọ ẹnyịme nsu en̄wen—oro edi, ukpepn̄kpọ ikan̄ hell.

Men mme ufan̄ikọ Bible emi domo: Ecclesiastes 3:19; Matthew 10:28; Utom 3:23

AKPANIKỌ:

Owo ama akpa, enye idụhe aba

Nsu 2: Ẹsitụhọde Ndiọi Owo ke Hell

Nsu emi ọkọtọn̄ọ didie? “Ke otu kpukpru mme ọwọrọetop mbon akwaifiọk Greece, Plato edi akpan owo emi akanamde mme owo ẹnịm ke Hell odu.”—Histoire des enfers (Nte Hell Ọkọtọn̄ọde), emi Georges Minois ewetde, page 50.

“Ọtọn̄ọde ke n̄kpọ nte isua 1,850 emi ẹkebede, mme Christian emi ẹkebọde ukpep akwaifiọk Greece ẹma ẹtọn̄ọ ndikere ke akpana ida akwaifiọk emi ikpep ukpepn̄kpọ mmimọ . . . Ukpepn̄kpọ akwaifiọk oro mmọ ẹkemade ẹkan ekedi [ukpepn̄kpọ Plato].”—The New Encyclopædia Britannica (1988), Eboho 25, page 890.

“Se Ufọkabasi ekpepde owụt ke hell mmọdo ye nte ke enye edidu ke nsinsi. Ndondo oro mbon oro ẹnamde idiọkn̄kpọ n̄kpa ẹkpade, ukpọn̄ mmọ osụhọde ke hell, mmọ ẹbọ ndutụhọ hell, kpa ‘nsinsi ikan̄.’ Akpan ndutụhọ hell edi ndidian̄ade owo n̄kpọn̄ Abasi ke nsinsi.”—Catechism of the Catholic Church, nsiondi eke 1994, page 270.

Bible ọdọhọ didie? “Koro mme odu-uwem ẹfiọkde ẹte ke mmimọ inyene ndikpa: edi ama edi mme akpa-n̄kpa, mmọ ifiọkke baba n̄kpọ kiet: . . . koro baba edinam, baba uduak, baba ifiọk, baba mbufiọk mîdụhe ke obio ekpo emi afo akade do.”—Ecclesiastes 9:5, 10.

Ikọ Hebrew oro ẹkabarede “obio ekpo” do edi Sheol, ndien ndusụk Bible ẹkabarede enye “hell.” Nso ke itien̄wed emi etịn̄ aban̄a mme akpan̄kpa? Ndi mmọ ke ẹbọ ndutụhọ ke Sheol man ẹkpe utịp idiọkn̄kpọ mmọ? Baba, koro mmọ “ifiọkke baba n̄kpọ kiet.” Ntak edi oro ke ini Job ọkọdọn̄ọde n̄kpa n̄kpa, enye ama ekpe Abasi ubọk ete ‘edịp imọ ke obio ekpo [Hebrew, Sheol].’ (Job 14:13) Nso ke ikọ esie ọkpọkọwọrọ edieke Sheol ekpedide ebiet nsinsi ndutụhọ? Ke Bible, hell edi udi ubonowo, emi owo mîkemeke ndinam n̄kpọ ndomokiet do.

Ndi se ẹtịn̄de ẹban̄a hell mi isịneke ifiọk inyụn̄ ikem ye se N̄wed Abasi etịn̄de? Nso idiọkn̄kpọ ke owo akpanam, ọkpọkọm ọdiọk didie, emi ekpesịnde Abasi ima otụhọde owo ke nsinsi? (1 John 4:8) Edi edieke ikan̄ hell edide nsu, nso kaban̄a heaven?

Men mme ufan̄ikọ Bible emi domo: Psalm 146:3, 4; Utom 2:25-27; Rome 6:7, 23

AKPANIKỌ:

Abasi isitụhọkede owo ke hell

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Barrators—Giampolo/The Doré Illustrations For Dante’s Divine Comedy/Dover Publications Inc.

Nsu 3: Kpukpru Nti Owo Ẹdika Heaven

Nsu emi ọkọtọn̄ọ didie? Ke mme apostle Jesus ẹma ẹkekpan̄a, ke n̄kpọ nte isua 1,900 emi ẹkebede, mbon oro ẹkewetde ukpepn̄kpọ Ido Ukpono Christ ke eset ẹma ẹtọn̄ọ ndiwọrọ etop. New Catholic Encyclopedia (2003), Eboho 6, page 687, etịn̄ ntem aban̄a se mmọ ẹkekpepde, ete: “Ọsọ ukpepn̄kpọ ini oro ekedi ke ẹma ẹnam ukpọn̄ emi ọwọrọde ke idem owo emi akpade asana, ke enye ayaka heaven ye unana ubiatini okokop inemesịt do.”

Bible ọdọhọ didie? “Inemesịt edi eke mme enyene ifụre ifụre ido, koro mmọ ẹyeda isọn̄ ẹnyene.”—Matthew 5:5.

Okposụkedi emi Jesus ọkọdọhọde mme mbet esie ke imọ imọn̄ ‘ika iketịm itie inịm’ inọ mmọ ke heaven, enye ikọdọhọke ke kpukpru nti owo ẹdika heaven. (John 3:13; 14:2, 3) Ndi enye ikọbọn̄ke akam ite uduak Abasi ada itie, nte edide “ke heaven, yak edi ke isọn̄ kpasụk ntre”? (Matthew 6:9, 10) Ke nditịm ntịn̄, ndusụk nti owo ẹyeka heaven, ndusụk ẹdu ke isọn̄. Esisịt ibat owo ẹdikara ke heaven ye Christ, edi ata ediwak owo ẹdidụn̄ ke isọn̄ emi ke nsinsi.—Ediyarade 5:10.

Nte ini akakade, ufọkabasi eset ama okpụhọde nte enye ekesede utom oro ẹkenọde enye ke isọn̄. Nso ke emi akada edi? The New Encyclopædia Britannica ọdọhọ ete: “Ufọkabasi ama ọdọdiọn̄ efre aban̄a Obio Ubọn̄ Abasi oro ẹketiede ẹbet.” Ufọkabasi ama ọtọn̄ọ ndisịn idem ke mbubehe ukara man enen̄ede enyene odudu, idọn̄ke enyịn ke in̄wan̄-in̄wan̄ ikọ oro Jesus eketịn̄de ete ke mme anditiene imọ inyeneke ndidi “ubak ererimbot.” (John 15:19; 17:14-16; 18:36) Constantine, emi ekedide Akwa Edidem Rome, ama anam ufọkabasi ọkpọn̄ ndusụk ukpepn̄kpọ mmọ, kiet ke otu emi akaban̄a nte Abasi etiede.

Men mme ufan̄ikọ Bible emi domo: Psalm 37:10, 11, 29; John 17:3; 2 Timothy 2:11, 12

AKPANIKỌ:

Ata ediwak nti owo ẹdidụn̄ ke isọn̄ emi ke nsinsi—idịghe ke heaven

[Ebiet Ẹdade Ndise Ẹto ke page 6]

Art Resource, NY

Nsu 4: Abasi Edi Ita-ke-Kiet

Nsu emi ọkọtọn̄ọ didie? “Ẹkeme ndikere ke ẹketọn̄ọ ndikpep ukpepn̄kpọ Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet ke n̄kpọ nte isua 1,700 emi ẹkebede. Ikọ emi edi akpanikọ ke n̄kan̄ kiet . . . Ukpepn̄kpọ ‘Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet’ ikenen̄ekede inyene isọn̄, ikenen̄ekede idọn̄ n̄kam ke uwem Christian ye ke se mmọ ẹnịmde ke akpanikọ mbemiso n̄kpọ nte isua 1,700 emi ẹkebede.”—New Catholic Encyclopedia (1967), Eboho 14, page 299.

“Esop Nicaea ẹma ẹsop idem ke May 20, 325 [E.N.]. Constantine ke idemesie eketie ibuot, enye akada usụn̄ ke nneme oro, enye ke idemesie okonyụn̄ . . . ọnọ akpan ekikere oro owụtde ebuana Christ ye Abasi ke ikọ mbuọtidem oro esop emi okowụkde, kpa ikọ [oro aban̄ade Jesus] ‘ndidi ukem ye Ete.’ . . . Sia ndịk andikara oro akanamde mmọ, mme bishop, ke ẹsiode owo iba kpọt ẹfep, ẹma ẹsịn ubọk ke ikọ mbuọtidem oro, ediwak mmọ ikanamke emi ke ofụri esịt.”—Encyclopædia Britannica (1970), Eboho 6, page 386.

Bible ọdọhọ didie? “Edi [Stephen], ọyọhọ ye edisana spirit, owụk enyịn ese enyọn̄ onyụn̄ ada okụt ubọn̄ Abasi ye Jesus nte adade ke ubọk nnasia Abasi, enye onyụn̄ ọdọhọ ete: ‘Sese! Mmokụt enyọn̄ nte ebererede ye Eyen owo nte adade ke ubọk nnasia Abasi.’”—Utom 7:55, 56.

Nso ke n̄kukụt emi akayarade? Ke ini Stephen ọkọyọhọde ye edisana spirit emi edide anamutom odudu Abasi, enye ama okụt Jesus nte “adade ke ubọk nnasia Abasi.” Ọwọrọ ke Jesus ikakabakede idi Abasi ke ama ekeset ọdọk heaven, utu ke oro enye ekedi san̄asan̄a owo eke spirit. Itie N̄wed Abasi emi isiakke ọyọhọ owo ita idian Abasi. Kpa ye ofụri ukeme oro ẹsịnde ẹyom mme itie N̄wed Abasi ndida nsọn̄ọ ukpepn̄kpọ Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet, Marie-Émile Boismard, oku n̄ka Dominic, ekewet ke n̄wed esie oro À l’aube du christianisme—La naissance des dogmes (Ke Editọn̄ọ Ido Ukpono Christ—Ẹtọn̄ọ Ediwak Ukpepn̄kpọ) ete: “Owo ikemeke ndikụt ebiet ndomokiet ke Obufa Testament emi ọdọhọde ke owo ita ẹdu ke Abasi kiet.”

“Constantine akada ye mbon oro ẹketọn̄ọde ukpepn̄kpọ emi man etre utọk oro okodude ke ufọkabasi ke n̄kpọ nte isua 1,700 emi ẹkebede. Edi ukpepn̄kpọ emi ama ada mbụme en̄wen edi: Ndi Mary emi akamande Jesus edi “Eka Abasi”?

Men mme ufan̄ikọ Bible emi domo: Matthew 26:39; John 14:28; 1 Corinth 15:27, 28; Colossae 1:15, 16

AKPANIKỌ:

Ẹketọn̄ọ ukpepn̄kpọ Abasi-Ita-ke-Kiet ke n̄kpọ nte isua 1,700 emi ẹkebede

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Museo Bardini, Florence