5:19

an accusation: An elder in the congregation might be accused of a serious violation of Scriptural standards; if substantiated, such an accusation would mean that he is not “irreprehensible” or “free from accusation.” (1Ti 3:2; Tit 1:5, 7) In that case, he would no longer qualify to serve as an elder. Accusations involving serious sins might even lead to his being removed from the congregation.​—1Co 5:13; 6:9, 10.

an older man: Or “an elder.” The Greek word used here, pre·sbyʹte·ros, can be understood to refer to a man of advanced physical age or to one having authority and responsibility in the Christian congregation.​—See study notes on Ac 20:17; 1Ti 5:1.

on the evidence of two or three witnesses: Under inspiration, Paul applies this standard from the Mosaic Law to a specific instance​—an elder is accused of a serious violation of God’s law. (De 17:6; 19:15) This standard served to protect a faithful elder from accusations made by an individual who might attempt to slander him. Such slander could rob an innocent elder of his good reputation and jeopardize his assignment to care for the congregation. However, if the accusation is substantiated by “two or three witnesses,” the body of elders would take disciplinary action.