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hearts: Or “tender affections.” The Greek term that Paul uses (splagkhʹnon), here rendered “hearts,” refers in a literal sense to the inward parts of the body. Figuratively, it conveys the idea of deeply felt, intense emotions or the seat of such emotions. (See also study note on 2Co 6:12.) Paul uses the same Greek word again in verses 12 and 20. One reference work states: “The frequent use of the word in this short letter shows how personally Paul was involved in the matter.”

brother: The early Christians often referred to one another as “brother” and “sister.” (Ro 16:1; 1Co 7:15; Phm 1, 2) By using these endearing terms, they showed not only their Christian unity but also their close relationship as a spiritual family under one Father, Jehovah. (Mt 6:9; 23:9; Eph 2:19 and study note; 1Pe 3:8) According to some scholars, when Paul calls Philemon “brother” here and in verse 20, the apostle uses a form of direct address that reflects the warmth of their friendship. Some translations thus use the renderings “my brother” or “dear brother.”