Addar near Kadesh-barnea.—Num. 34:4; Josh. 15:3; see ADDAR No. 2.

HAZAR-ENAN

(Haʹzar-eʹnan), Hazar-enon (Haʹzar-eʹnon).

A site on the northern boundary of “the land of Canaan.” (Num. 34:2, 7-10) Ezekiel referred to Hazar-enon (Hazar-enan), along with Damascus and Hamath, in his forevision of the territory of Israel. (Ezek. 47:13, 17; 48:1) A positive identification of the site cannot be made at this time. However, most authorities tentatively locate it at Kiryatein, about seventy miles (112.6 kilometers) E-NE of Damascus on the road to Palmyra.

HAZAR-GADDAH

(Haʹzar-gadʹdah) [perhaps, village of good fortune].

A city in southern Judah (Josh. 15:21, 27); the location is unknown.

HAZARMAVETH

(Ha·zar·maʹveth).

A descendant of Noah through Shem and Joktan. (Gen. 10:1, 21, 25, 26; 1 Chron. 1:20) It is generally believed that Hazarmaveth’s descendants settled the Hadhramaut region in S Arabia. A connection between Hadhramaut and Hazarmaveth is suggested by the similarity of the consonants in the original Hebrew and Arabic names. The geographical limits of the Hadhramaut are not closely defined. It is approximately 550 miles (c. 880 kilometers) long and 150 miles (c. 240 kilometers) wide. The coastal plain is rather narrow, and then the land rises steeply, forming a stony plateau with an average elevation of between 3,000 and 4,000 feet (c. 900 and 1,200 meters). Many deep, cliff-lined torrent valleys cut through the high plateau. These valleys are very fertile. Palms and dates thrive; sheep, camels, asses and cattle find pasture, and millet, alfalfa, indigo, cotton and corn are among the crops grown there. Chief of the torrent valleys is the Wadi Hadhramaut. This stream begins its course some 300 miles (c. 480 kilometers) inland from the W coast of the Arabian Peninsula and gradually curves eastward for about 400 miles (c. 640 kilometers), finally emptying into the Arabian Sea as the Wadi Masila (the name applied to its lower course). The Hadhramaut region anciently played an important role because of its incense trade. But frankincense trees, once abundant, are now scarce there.

HAZAR-SHUAL

(Haʹzar-shuʹal) [fox courtyard].

An enclave city of Simeon in the S of Judah. (Josh. 15:21, 28; 19:1-3; 1 Chron. 4:28) It was reoccupied after the Babylonian exile. (Neh. 11:25-27) The location is uncertain; some geographers suggest an identification with Khirbet el-Watan, about four miles (6.4 kilometers) E of Beer-sheba.

HAZAR-SUSAH

(Haʹzar-suʹsah) [village of the mare].

A Simeonite enclave city in the southern part of Judah (Josh. 19:1, 2, 5), also called Hazar-susim. (1 Chron. 4:31) A similar list of cities originally assigned to Judah has “Sansannah” in place of Hazar-susah. (Josh. 15:21, 31) Some view them as separate locations, placing Sansannah to the N-NE of Beer-sheba and Hazar-susah about sixteen miles (26 kilometers) to the W of Beer-sheba at Sbalat Abu Susein, near the Plains of Philistia. A number of scholars, however, view it as probable that Hazar-susah is simply a secondary name for Sansannah, such secondary name, by its meaning, describing a notable function of the place. If it is the same as Sansannah, Hazar-susah may tentatively be identified with Khirbet esh-Shamsaniyat to the N-NE of Beer-sheba, a short distance from the suggested site of Madmannah (likely Beth-marcaboth), mentioned before (Hazar-susah, Hazar-susim or Sansannah) in the foregoing texts.—See BETH-MARCABOTH.

HAZAZON-TAMAR

(Hazʹa·zon-taʹmar) [Hazazon of the palm trees].

A city inhabited by Amorites and apparently located in the vicinity of the Low Plain of Siddim. King Chedorlaomer and his allies defeated the Amorites dwelling in Hazazon-tamar. (Gen. 14:5-8) Centuries later the combined forces of Moab, Ammon and the mountainous region of Seir came against Judah by way of “Hazazon-tamar, that is to say, En-gedi.” (2 Chron. 20:2, 10, 11) Many scholars believe that the Genesis reference points to a location some distance S of En-gedi and therefore regard the words “that is to say, En-gedi,” as a late addition. The name “Hazazon-tamar,” however, appears to be preserved in the Wadi Hasasa about seven miles (11 kilometers) NW of the suggested site of En-gedi. Also, the meaning of Hazazon-tamar would fit the En-gedi region, described by Josephus as a place where “the best kind of palm trees” thrive. (Antiquities of the Jews, Book IX, chap. I, par. 2) So if the Genesis passage refers to a more southerly location, possibly there were two places called Hazazon-tamar: the one linked with En-gedi; the other perhaps the site SW of the Dead Sea that is called simply Tamar.—Ezek. 47:19; 48:28.

HAZER-HATTICON

(Haʹzer-hatʹti·con).

A site mentioned in Ezekiel’s vision as on the boundary of Israel, and “toward the boundary of Hauran.” (Ezek. 47:13, 16) A site by this name is unknown; some consider it a scribal error for “Hazar-enon.”—Ezek. 47:16, 17; see HAZAR-ENAN, HAZAR-ENON.

HAZEROTH

(Ha·zeʹroth) [enclosure, settlement].

Israel’s last camping site before entering the Wilderness of Paran. (Num. 11:35; 12:16; 33:17, 18; Deut. 1:1) At Hazeroth Miriam was stricken with leprosy after she and Aaron questioned Moses’ authority and his taking of a Cushite wife. (Num. 11:35; 12:1-16) Most scholars connect Biblical Hazeroth with the oasis ʽAin Khadra, NE of the traditional site of Mount Sinai.

HAZIEL

(Haʹzi·el) [vision of God].

Son of Shimei; a Gershonite Levite in the time of David.—1 Chron. 23:6-9.

HAZO

(Haʹzo) [vision].

A nephew of Abraham; fifth-named son of Nahor and Milcah.—Gen. 22:20-22.

HAZOR

(Haʹzor) [an enclosure].

1. The chief city of northern Canaan at the time of Israel’s conquest under Joshua. (Josh. 11:10) Hazor has been identified with Tell el-Qedah located about four miles (6.4 kilometers) SW of Lake Huleh (now mostly drained). According to archaeologist Yigael Yadin, under whose direction excavations were carried out at the site from 1955 to 1958, the Hazor of Joshua’s time covered an area of approximately 150 acres (61 hectares) and could have accommodated from 25,000 to 30,000 inhabitants.

Jabin the king of Hazor led the united forces of northern Canaan against Joshua, but suffered a humiliating defeat. Hazor itself was burned, the only city in that area built on a mound to be so treated. (Josh. 11:1-13) Although later assigned to the tribe of Naphtali (Josh. 19:32, 35, 36), Hazor, in the time of Deborah and Barak, was the seat of another powerful Canaanite king, also called Jabin.—Judg. 4:2, 17; 1 Sam. 12:9.

At a later period, Hazar, like Gezer and Megiddo, was fortified by King Solomon. (1 Ki. 9:15) Archaeological finds indicate that the gates of these three cities were of similar construction. Reporting on the excavations at Hazor, Yadin, in his work The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands (Vol. II, p. 288), writes: “As the first sign of the gate of this wall began to emerge from the dust and earth that were gently being scooped away, we were struck by its similarity to the ‘Gate of Solomon’ which had been discovered at Megiddo. Before proceeding further with the excavation, we made tentative markings of the ground following our estimate of the plan of the gate on the basis of the Megiddo gate. And then we told the laborers to go ahead and continue removing the debris.