running ahead to an advance position, he resourcefully gained a vantage point by climbing a tree. This interest, of course, impressed Jesus, who told Zacchaeus that he would stay with him while in Jericho. The townspeople objected, however, saying that Jesus was making himself a friend of sinners. Showing a different attitude, Zacchaeus volunteered to restore fourfold whatever he had gotten unjustly, and to give half his belongings to the poor. Jesus then acknowledged that his household was now in line for salvation. (Luke 19:3-10) Also, while visiting Zacchaeus, Jesus spoke the illustration of the minas.—Luke 19:11-28.

ZACCUR

(Zacʹcur) [mindful, remembered].

1. A Reubenite whose son Shammua was one of the twelve spies that Moses sent into the Promised Land.—Num. 13:3, 4.

2. A Simeonite whose descendants through Shimei became numerous.—1 Chron. 4:24-27.

3. A Merarite Levite; son of Jaaziah.—1 Chron. 24:26, 27.

4. Head of the third group of Levitical musicians; a son of Asaph, a Gershonite. (1 Chron. 25:2, 10; 6:39, 43; Neh. 12:35) Zaccur may possibly be called Zabdi (Neh. 11:17) and Zichri.—1 Chron. 9:15.

5. One who worked building Jerusalem’s wall under Nehemiah’s direction; son of Imri.—Neh. 3:2.

6. A Levite represented in the signatures to the covenant of faithfulness proposed during Nehemiah’s governorship. Zaccur may have been there himself, or perhaps one of his descendants signed, in his name. (Neh. 9:38; 10:1, 9, 12) Possibly the same as No. 7 below.

7. A Levite whose son Hanan was entrusted with proper distribution of the tithes during Nehemiah’s governorship. (Neh. 13:10-13) Perhaps the same as No. 6 above.

ZADOK

(Zaʹdok) [just, righteous].

1. A priest prominently associated with King David. Zadok was a descendant of Aaron through the high-priestly line of Eleazar. (1 Chron. 6:3-8, 50-53) He is also called a seer. (2 Sam. 15:27) Zadok, as a young man mighty in valor, was one of the tribal chiefs who threw in his support for David’s kingship. (1 Chron. 12:27, 28) From that time on he was loyal to David.—2 Sam. 8:15, 17; 20:25; 1 Chron. 18:16.

Zadok and Abiathar (whenever the two are mentioned, Zadok is named first) accompanied the ark of the covenant when David had it brought up to Jerusalem, after which Zadok continued to officiate for a time at Gibeon, where the tabernacle was located. (1 Chron. 15:11, 14; 16:39) When Absalom rebelled, Zadok and the Levites started to bring the Ark along as they accompanied David in his flight from Jerusalem, but David sent them back to the city, designating Zadok and others to act as intelligence intermediaries. (2 Sam. 15:23-29, 35, 36; 17:15, 16; 18:19-27) After the rebellion was over, Zadok and Abiathar were instrumental in securing David’s favorable reception in Jerusalem. (2 Sam. 19:11-14) When, late in his reign, David organized the Levitical services for the temple, Zadok and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar both assisted him. Zadok also had the post of leader over the house of Aaron.—1 Chron. 24:3, 6, 30, 31; 27:16, 17.

In contrast with Abiathar, Zadok did not support the attempted usurpation of the throne by Adonijah; for this David appointed Zadok as the one to anoint Solomon as king. (1 Ki. 1:7, 8, 26, 32-46) During the reigns of Saul and David, Zadok served only as an associate priest, but for his loyalty as contrasted with the wavering allegiance of High Priest Abiathar, Solomon expelled Abiathar from Jerusalem and made Zadok high priest. This fulfilled Jehovah’s prophecy spoken against Eli’s house. (1 Ki. 2:26, 27, 35) The later listing of “Zadok and Abiathar” at 1 Kings 4:4 is probably in a historical sense. Josephus claims that Zadok was the first high priest at Solomon’s temple. (Antiquities of the Jews, Book X, chap. VIII, par. 6) The Bible traces the line of Zadok as holding the office of high priest down to the time of Darius the Persian (likely Darius II). (1 Ki. 4:2; 1 Chron. 6:8-15; 2 Chron. 31:10) The priests seen in Ezekiel’s visionary temple were “sons of Zadok.”—Ezek. 40:46; 43:19; 44:15; 48:11.

2. Maternal grandfather of King Jotham of Judah.—2 Ki. 15:32, 33; 2 Chron. 27:1.

3. A descendant of Aaron through No. 1 above in the high-priestly line, and an ancestor of the “skilled copyist” Ezra.—1 Chron. 6:3, 8, 12, 13; 9:11; Ezra 7:1-6; Neh. 11:11.

4. One of Jerusalem’s postexilic wall rebuilders; son of Baana. (Neh. 3:4) Either he, or a representative of a family of the same name, signed the national covenant proposed shortly thereafter.—Neh. 9:38; 10:1, 14, 21.

5. Another who helped rebuild Jerusalem’s wall; son (or descendant) of Immer, who possibly belonged to the priestly family.—Neh. 3:29.

6. A copyist whom Nehemiah made jointly responsible with Shelemiah and Pedaiah for the Levitical stores. (Neh. 13:13) Perhaps the same as No. 5 above.

7. A postexilic ancestor of Jesus’ foster father Joseph.—Matt. 1:14.

ZAHAM

(Zaʹham).

A son of King Rehoboam (presumably by his wife Mahalath).—2 Chron. 11:18, 19, 23.

ZAIR

(Zaʹir) [little].

A site in or near Edom. In the vicinity of Zair, Judah’s King Jehoram, by night, struck down a surrounding military force of Edomites. (2 Ki. 8:20-22) Zair’s actual location is not known.

ZALAPH

(Zaʹlaph) [caper plant].

Father of at least six sons, one of whom helped Nehemiah to repair Jerusalem’s wall.—Neh. 3:30.

ZALMON

(Zalʹmon) [dark, dark place].

1. An Ahohite warrior of David. (2 Sam. 23:8, 28) Apparently called Ilai at 1 Chronicles 11:29.

2. A mountain near Shechem. From Mount Zalmon, Abimelech and his forces cut wood with which to burn down the vault belonging to the city of Shechem. (Judg. 9:48, 49) As the only mountains near Shechem are Ebel and Gerizim, Zalmon was either a peak or slope of one of these, or else some other less important hill nearby.

Zalmon at Psalm 68:14 presumably refers to the same place unless its being mentioned along with Bashan (vs. 15) indicates that there was some place called Zalmon E of the Jordan.

ZALMONAH

(Zal·moʹnah) [dark, shady].

A wilderness site where the Israelites encamped after leaving Mount Hor and before moving on to Punon. (Num. 33:41, 42) The location of Zalmonah is now unknown.

ZALMUNNA

(Zal·munʹna) [shadow (of protection) withheld; or, (the God) Salm (Saturn) is king].

One of the kings of Midian whose forces and allies oppressed Israel for seven years prior to Gideon’s judgeship. (Judg. 6:1) Gideon’s small band routed the invaders, and in pursuit of the fleeing forces, captured and put to death both Kings Zebah and Zalmunna.—Judg. 6:33; 8:4-21; Ps. 83:11, 12; see ZEBAH.

ZAMZUMMIM

(Zam·zumʹmim) [perhaps, gibberish, inarticulate speech].

The Ammonite name for the Rephaim; a people dispossessed by the Ammonites. (Deut. 2:19, 20) There is no definite connection between them and the Zuzim.—Gen. 14:5; see REPHAIM.