bible ki shabdavli

a aa i u oo ae o k kh g gh ch chh j t t d dh na p f b bh m y r l v sh s h

a

• ankush:

  ek lamba chhad jiska ek sira dhaatu se bana hota tha aur nukeela hota tha. isse kisan apne jaanvar ko konchta tha. ankush ki tulna buddhiman insan ki baaton se ki gayi hai jo sunnaevalon ko buddhi-bhari salah par chalne ke liye ubhaarti hain. ‘ankush par laat maarna’ ek alankar hai, jo is baat se liya gaya hai ki jab ek dheeth bail ko baar-baar koncha jaata hai to woh iska virodh karta hai, ankush par laat maarta hai aur khud ko hi chot pahunchata hai.—pre 26:14, foo.; nya 3:31, foo.

• angoor raundne ka haud:

  ismein aam taur par do haud hote the jo choone-patthar ki chattan se kaatkar banaye jaate the. ek haud unche par rakha jaata tha aur doosra neeche. donon haudon ke beech ek chhoti-si naali bani hoti thi. unchai par rakhe haud mein angoor raunde jaate the aur unka ras behkar neechevale haud mein jaata tha. ye shabd parmeshvar ki taraf se milnevali saza ko darshane ke liye bhi istemal huye hain.—yash 5:2; pra 19:15.

• akhaya:

  maseehi yoonani shastra mein dakshini yoonan ka romi praant jiski raajdhani kurinth thi. akhaya mein peloponnese ka poora ilaka aur yoonan ke mahadveep ka madhya bhaag bhi aata tha. (pre 18:12)—ati. kha13 dekhein.

• achhe-bure ke gyaan ka ped:

  adan ke baag mein laga ek ped, jo is baat ki nishani tha ki insan ke liye kya “achha” hai, kya “bura,” yah star thehrane ka adhikar sirf parmeshvar ko hai.—ut 2:9, 17.

• ajajel:

  ek ibrani naam jiska shaayad matlab hai, “woh bakra jo gaayab ho jaata hai.” prayashchit ke din jis bakre ko ajajel ke liye chuna jaata tha, use veerane mein chhod diya jaata tha. yah is baat ko darshata tha ki woh bakra, israel raashtra ke paapon ko utha le gaya jo usne beete saal mein kiye the.—lai 16:8, 10.

• atal pyar:

  ibrani shabd kasad ka anuvad aksar atal pyar kiya gaya hai. jab koi vafadari, gehre lagav aur saath nibhane ke pakke irade ki vajah se pyar karta hai to use atal pyar kehte hain. aisa pyar aksar parmeshvar insanon se karta hai, magar do insanon ke beech bhi yah pyar dekha jaata hai.—nir 34:6; root 3:10.

• adaar:

  baibilon ki bandhuai se lautnevale yahoodiyon ke pavitra calendar ka 12vaan maheena aur krishi calendar ka chhatha maheena. yah maheena, farvari ke beech se maarch ke beech tak ka hota tha. (es 3:7)—ati. kha15 dekhein.

• athah-kund:

  iska yoonani shabd ebisos hai jiska matlab hai, “bahot gehra” ya “jiski koi thaah ya seema nahin.” yah shabd maseehi yoonani shastra mein kaid hone ki haalaat batane ya fir aisi jagah batane ke liye istemal hua hai jahaan kisi ko kaid kiya jaata hai. is shabd ka ek matlab kabraa bhi ho sakta hai.—lu 8:31; rom 10:7; pra 20:3.

• apradh:

  niyam ya kaanoon todna. bible mein ise “paap” bhi kaha gaya hai.—bh 51:3; rom 5:14.

• abaddon:

  ibrani mein iska matlab hai, “vinash.” iska matlab “vinash ki jagah” bhi ho sakta hai. magar yah koi sachmuch ki jagah nahin hai. yah shaayad is baat ko darshata hai ki insan ki laash sadkar mitti mein mil jaati hai. (bh 88:11; ay 26:6; 28:22; nee 15:11) lekin prakashitvakya 9:11 mein “abaddon” ek naam ke taur par istemal hua hai. yah naam ‘athah-kund ke swargdoot’ ko diya gaya hai.

• abhishek:

  iske ibrani shabd ka matlab hai, tel ya koi dravya lagana. kisi insan ya cheez par tel undelna ya lagana is baat ki nishani hota tha ki use kisi khaas seva ke liye alag thehraya gaya hai. maseehi yoonani shastra mein yah shabd tab bhi istemal hua hai jab swarg jaane ki aasha rakhnevalon par pavitra shakti undeli jaati hai.—nir 28:41; 1sh 16:13; 2ku 1:21.

• araam; araami:

  shem ke bete araam ke vanshaj, jo labanon pahadon se lekar mesopotamiya tak aur uttar mein toras pahadon se lekar neeche damishk aur door dakshin tak ke ilakon mein rehte the. yah ilaka ibrani mein araam kehlata tha. baad mein yah seeriya ke naam se jaana gaya aur uske nivasiyon ko seeriyai log kaha gaya.—ut 25:20; vya 26:5; ho 12:12.

• araami bhasha:

  yah ibrani se kaafi milti-julti hai aur donon ki varnmala bhi ek hai. shuroo-shuroo mein sirf araami log ise bolte the, magar aage chalkar yah ashshoori aur baibiloni saamrajyon ki antarrashtreeya bhasha ban gayi jise vyapar aur baatcheet ke liye istemal kiya jaata tha. faarsi saamrajya ke darbar mein bhi yahi bhasha istemal hoti thi. (ej 4:7) ejra, yirmayah aur daaniyel ke kuch hisse araami bhasha mein likhe gaye the.—ej 4:8–6:18; 7:12-26; yir 10:11; daan 2:4kh–7:28.

• ariyupagus:

  athens ki ek unchi pahadi, jo acropolis ke uttar-pashchim mein thi. yah us parishad (ya adalat) ka naam bhi tha jo vahaan baithak rakhta tha. stoiki aur ipikoori daarshanik paulus ko ariyupagus laaye the taaki woh apne vishvas ke baare mein bataye.—pre 17:19.

• argh:

  daakh-madira ka chadhava, jo vedi par undela jaata tha aur zyadatar chadhavon ke saath diya jaata tha. paulus ne is shabd ka istemal laashanik taur par yah batane ke liye kiya ki woh kis tarah apne maseehi bhaai-behenon ke liye khud ko poori tarah dene ke liye taiyar hai.—gi 15:5, 7; fi 2:17.

• alamot:

  sangeet se juda shabd, jiska matlab hai “kunvariyaan; ladkiyaan.” shaayad yah ladkiyon ke sabse oopar ke sur mein gaane ki taraf ishara karta hai. alamot shaayad yah batane ke liye likha jaata tha ki sangeet sabse unche sur mein bajaya jaaye.—1it 15:20; bh 46:up.

• alfa aur omega:

  ye yoonani varnmala ke pehale aur aakhiri akshar hain. ye shabd teen baar prakashitvakya mein parmeshvar ki upadhi ke taur par istemal huye hain. in aayton mein in shabdon ka matlab hai, “pehala aur aakhiri” aur “shurooat aur ant.”—pra 1:8, foo.; 21:6; 22:13.

• ashtoret:

  kanaaniyon ki ek devi jise yuddh aur prajnan ki devi aur baal devta ki patni maana jaata tha.—1sh 7:3.

• ashuddh:

  iska matlab shareer ki gandgi ya fir naitik usoolon ko todna ho sakta hai. magar bible mein aksar iska matlab hai, aisa kuch bhi jo moosa ke kaanoon ke mutabik shuddh nahin ya jise sweekar nahin kiya jaa sakta. (lai 5:2; 13:45; pre 10:14; if 5:5)—shuddh dekhein.

aa

• aangan:

  pavitra dere mein ek aangan tha jiske chaaron taraf kanatein lagi thi. baad mein mandir ki khaas imarat ke chaaron taraf bhi aangan banaya gaya tha. pavitra dere ke aangan mein aur mandir ke bheetri aangan mein hom-bali ki vedi rakhi gayi thi. (ati. kha5, kha8, kha11 dekhein.) bible mein ghar aur mahal ke aanganon ka bhi zikra milta hai.—nir 8:13; 27:9; 1ra 7:12; es 4:11; mat 26:3.

• aakhiri din:

  ye shabd aur isse milte-julte shabd, ‘ant ka samay’ bible ki bhavishyavaniyon mein istemal huye hain. iska matlab hai, bhavishyavani mein bataye parmeshvar ke nyay ke samay se pehale ka daur aur usmein ghatnevali ghatnayen. (yahe 38:16; daan 8:17; pre 2:17) bhavishyavani kis baare mein hai, usse tay hota hai ki yah daur kuch saalon ka hai ya kai saalon ka. bible mein ye shabd khaaskar aaj ki duniya ki vyavastha ke ‘aakhiri dinon’ ke liye istemal huye hain jab yeeshu ki maujoodgi chal rahi hai.—2ti 3:1; yak 5:3; 2pa 3:3.

• aag uthane ke karchhe:

  sone-chaandi ya tambe ke bartan. ye karchhe, pavitra dere aur mandir mein dhoop jalane, balidan ki vedi se koyla hatane aur sone ki deevat se bujhayi baati hatane ke liye istemal hote the. inhein dhoopdan bhi kaha jaata tha.—nir 37:23; 2it 26:19; ibr 9:4.

• aag ki jheel:

  ek laashanik jagah, jo “aag aur gandhak se jalti rehti hai.” ise “doosri maut” bhi kaha gaya hai. ismein shaitan aur aise logon ko daala jaayega jo apne paapon ka pashchatap nahin karte. ismein maut aur kabraa (yaani hades) ko bhi daala jaayega. ek adrishya prani, maut aur kabraa par aag ka koi asar nahin hota. isliye aag ki jheel mein inka daala jaana dikhata hai ki yah koi aisi jagah nahin hai jahaan kisi ko hamesha ke liye tadpaya jaata hai. iske bajay yah hamesha ke vinash ko darshata hai.—pra 19:20; 20:14, 15; 21:8.

• aazad aadmi; aazad daas:

  romi shaasan ke dauran “aazad aadmi” woh hota tha jo janm se gulam nahin tha aur jiske paas romi naagrik hone ke sabhi adhikar the. magar ‘aazad daas’ woh hota tha jise gulami se aazad kiya gaya ho. agar is daas ko niyam ke mutabik aazad kiya gaya ho, to use romi naagrikta mil sakti thi magar woh raajneeti mein nahin aa sakta tha. lekin agar use yoon hi aazad kiya gaya ho, to aazad hone par bhi use naagrik hone ke saare adhikar nahin milte the.—1ku 7:22.

• aab:

  baibilon ki bandhuai se lautnevale yahoodiyon ke pavitra calendar ka 5vaan maheena aur krishi calendar ka 11vaan maheena. yah maheena, julai ke beech se agast ke beech tak ka hota tha. bible mein yah naam nahin diya gaya, bas ‘paanchvaan maheena’ likha hai. (gi 33:38; ej 7:9)—ati. kha15 dekhein.

• aabib:

  yah yahoodiyon ke pavitra calendar ke pehale maheene aur krishi calendar ke 7vein maheene ka purana naam hai. aabib ka matlab hai, “(anaj ki) hari baalein.” yah maheena, maarch ke beech se aprail ke beech tak ka hota tha. jab yahoodi baibilon se laute to is maheene ka naam nisan rakha gaya. (vya 16:1)—ati. kha15 dekhein.

• aameen:

  “aisa hi ho” ya “zaroor.” yah shabd ibrani ke mool shabd eman se nikala hai jiska matlab hai, “vishvasyogya ya bharosemand hona.” shapath, prarthna ya kisi baat ke aakhir mein sehmati jatane ke liye “aameen” kaha jaata tha. prakashitvakya mein yah yeeshu ki upadhi ke taur par istemal hua hai.—vya 27:26; 1it 16:36; pra 3:14.

i

• insan ka beta:

  ye shabd khushkhabri ki kitabon mein kareeb 80 baar aate hain. ye yeeshu maseeh ke liye istemal huye hain jo dikhate hain ki woh ek aisa swargdoot nahin tha jisne dharti par aane ke liye insani shareer dhaaran kiya tha balki usne insan ke roop mein janm liya tha. ye shabd yah bhi dikhate hain ki yeeshu daaniyel 7:13, 14 mein di bhavishyavani poori karta. ibrani shastra mein ye shabd yahejkel aur daaniyel ke liye bhi istemal huye hain taaki yah dikha sake ki sandesh sunanevale in nashvar insanon aur sandesh denevale parmeshvar mein kitna fark hai.—yahe 3:17; daan 8:17; mat 19:28; 20:28.

• ithiyopiya:

  purane zamane ka ek desh jo misra ke dakshin mein tha. ismein woh ilake aate the jo aaj misra ke dakshini chhor ka hissa aur soodan ka aadha (yaani uttari) hissa hain. yah shabd kabhi-kabhi ibrani mein “koosh” ke liye bhi istemal hota hai.—es 1:1.

• ipikoori daarshanik:

  yoonani daarshanik ipikooras (ee.poo. 341-270) ke chele. unka falsafa is baat par aadharit tha ki insan ke jeene ka sirf ek hi maksad hai, mauj-masti karna.—pre 17:18.

• iblees:

  maseehi yoonani shastra mein shaitan ki shakhsiyat batane ke liye istemal kiya gaya ek naam. iska matlab hai “badnam karnevala.” shaitan ko yah naam isliye diya gaya hai kyonki yahova ko, uske pavitra naam aur uske sachche vachan ko badnam karne aur jhootha thehrane mein vahi sabse aage hai.—mat 4:1, foo.; yu 8:44, foo.; pra 12:9.

• ibri; ibrani:

  abram (abraham) woh pehala insan tha jise “ibri” kaha gaya tha taaki use paas rehnevale emoriyon se alag bataya jaa sake. baad mein yah shabd abraham ke vanshajon ke liye istemal hua jo uske pote yakub se aaye. inki bhasha “ibrani” thi. yeeshu ke zamane tak ismein araami ke kai shabd jud gaye aur yahi bhasha maseeh aur uske chele bolte the.—ut 14:13; nir 5:3; pre 26:14.

• illurikum:

  yoonan ke uttar-pashchim mein basa ek romi praant. paulus ne apni seva ke dauran yahaan tak safar kiya tha. magar usne yahaan prachar kiya ya iske pehale ke ilakon tak hi prachar kiya, yah nahin bataya gaya hai. (rom 15:19)—ati. kha13 dekhein.

• israel:

  parmeshvar ne yah naam yakub ko diya tha. aage chalkar uske sabhi vanshajon ko ek samooh ke taur par israel kaha jaane laga. yakub ke 12 beton se aaye vanshajon ko aksar israel ke bete, israel ka gharana, israel ke log (ya aadmi) ya israeli kaha jaata tha. yah naam uttar ke das gotronvale raajya ke liye bhi istemal hone laga jab woh dakshini raajya se alag hua. baad mein abhishikt maseehiyon ko ‘parmeshvar ka israel’ kaha gaya.—gal 6:16; ut 32:28; 2sh 7:23; rom 9:6.

u

• up-patni:

  ek aadmi ki doosri patni jo aksar daasi hoti thi.—nir 21:8; 2sh 5:13; 1ra 11:3.

• uprilekh:

  bhajan ki shurooat mein di gayi jaankari jo batati hai ki uska likhnevala kaun hai, kin haalaat mein woh bhajan likha gaya tha ya us bhajan ka maksad kya hai. uprilekh mein kabhi-kabhi sangeet ke liye hidaytein ya bhajan gaane ki hidaytein bhi di jaati thi.—bh 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 30, 38, 60, 92, 102 ke uprilekh dekhein.

• upvas:

  thehraye gaye vakt tak bina kuch khaaye-peeye rehna. israeli prayashchit ke din, museebat ki ghadi mein aur parmeshvar se maargdarshan paane ke liye upvas karte the. yahoodiyon ne saal mein chaar baar upvas karne ka niyam thehraya taaki woh un beeti ghatnaon ko yaad kar sakein jab un par vipatti aayi thi. maseehiyon ke liye upvas karna ek maang nahin hai.—ej 8:21; yash 58:6; lu 18:12.

oo

• unchi jagah:

  upasna ki jagah jo aksar pahad ya pahadi ya fir logon ke banaye manch par hoti thi. haalanki unchi jagah kabhi-kabhi parmeshvar ki upasna ke liye istemal ki jaati thi, magar aksar in par jhoothe devtaon ki pooja ki jaati thi.—gi 33:52; 1ra 3:2; yir 19:5.

• ooreem aur tummeem:

  ye shaayad patthar ke hote the. jab israel raashtra mein koi aham masla uthta tha, to aise mein yahova ki marzee jaanne ke liye mahayajak inka usi tarah istemal karta tha jaise chitthiyaan daali jaati thi. woh ooreem aur tummeem ko apne seeneband mein daalkar pavitra dere ke andar jaata tha. aisa maaloom hota hai ki jab baibilon ke logon ne yarooshalem ka naash kar diya to uske baad se inka istemal hona band ho gaya.—nir 28:30; na 7:65.

ae

• etaneem:

  yahoodiyon ke pavitra calendar ka 7vaan maheena aur krishi calendar ka pehala maheena. yah maheena, sitambar ke beech se aktoobar ke beech tak ka hota tha. jab yahoodi baibilon se laute to is maheene ka naam tishri rakha gaya. (1ra 8:2)—ati. kha15 dekhein.

• edom:

  ishaak ke bete esav ko diya gaya doosra naam. esav (edom) ke vanshajon ne seir par kabza kar liya tha, jo mrit saagar aur akaba ki khaadi ke beech ka pahadi ilaka tha. yah ilaka edom ke naam se jaana gaya. (ut 25:30; 36:8)—ati. kha3 aur kha4 dekhein.

• epa:

  ek sookha maap aur woh bartan jisse anaj taula jaata tha. epa, dravya maap bat ke barbar tha isliye yah 22 l. ka hota tha. (nir 16:36; yahe 45:10)—ati. kha14 dekhein.

• epod:

  ek chhota oopri kapda jise yaajak pehante the. mahayajak ka epod khaas hota tha kyonki uske saamne ki taraf 12 ratnon se jada seenaband hota tha. (nir 28:4, 6)—ati. kha5 dekhein.

• epraim:

  yoosuf ke doosre bete ka naam. aage chalkar israel ka ek gotra isi naam se jaana gaya. israel raajya ke batvare ke baad epraim sabse taakatvar gotra ban gaya, isliye das gotronvale raajya ka naam epraim pada.—ut 41:52; yir 7:15.

• elool:

  baibilon ki bandhuai se lautnevale yahoodiyon ke pavitra calendar ka chhatha maheena aur krishi calendar ka 12vaan maheena. yah maheena, agast ke beech se sitambar ke beech tak ka hota tha. (na 6:15)—ati. kha15 dekhein.

• asia:

  maseehi yoonani shastra mein ek romi praant ka naam. aaj ke turki ka pashchimi hissa aur tat se thodi door base kuch dveep jaise saamus aur patmus ismein aate the. asia praant ki raajdhani ifisus thi. (pre 20:16; pra 1:4)—ati. kha13 dekhein.

o

• omer:

  ek sookha maap jo 2.2 l. ya epa ke dasvein bhaag ke barbar tha. (nir 16:16, 18)—ati. kha14 dekhein.

k

• kangoora:

  khambhe ka nakkasheedar oopri hissa. sulaiman ke mandir ke saamne ek-jaise do khambhe the, yaakeen aur boaz, jinke oopar bade-bade kangoore lage the. (1ra 7:16)—ati. kha8 dekhein.

• katai ka tyohar.—

  pintekust dekhein.

• kathiya gehoon:

  aisa gehoon (tritikam spelta) jo badhiya kism ka nahin hota tha aur jiske daane se chhilke aasani se nahin utarte the.—nir 9:32.

• kanaan:

  nooh ka pota aur haam ka chautha beta. kanaan se jo 11 kul nikle woh bhoomadhya saagar ke poorab ke ilake mein bas gaye. yah ilaka misra aur seeriya ke beech tha aur ise “kanaan desh” kaha gaya. (lai 18:3; ut 9:18; pre 13:19)—ati. kha4 dekhein.

• kargha:

  khaancha jismein dhaage se bunkar kapda banaya jaata hai.—yash 19:9.

• karar:

  parmeshvar aur insanon ke beech ya do logon ke beech ka samjhauta, jismein woh kuch karne ya na karne ki haami bharte hain. kabhi-kabhi sirf ek hi paksh ko karar ki shartein maanni hoti thi (yaani ek tarfa karar, jismein karar karnevala paksh hi koi vaada karta tha). magar baaki samay donon pakshon ko karar ki shartein maanni hoti thi (yaani do tarfa karar). bible mein sirf un kararon ke baare mein nahin bataya gaya hai jo parmeshvar ne insanon ke saath kiye the. ismein aadmiyon, gotron, raashtron aur samoohon ke beech kiye kararon ke baare mein bhi bataya gaya hai. kuch karar aise the jinka asar lambe samay tak raha hai aur aage bhi rahega. jaise, parmeshvar ke woh karar jo usne abraham, daavid, israel raashtra (yaani kaanoon ka karar) aur parmeshvar ke israel (yaani naya karar) ke saath kiye the.—ut 9:11; 15:18; 21:27; nir 24:7; 2it 21:7.

• karar ka sandook:

  ise gavahi ka sandook bhi kaha jaata tha. yah babool ki lakdi se bani ek peti thi jis par sona madha tha. yah sandook pavitra dere ke param-pavitra bhaag mein rakha gaya tha. baad mein jab sulaiman ne mandir banaya to yah sandook uske param-pavitra bhaag mein rakha gaya. sandook ka dhakna sone ka tha aur us par do karoob aamne-saamne bane the. ismein khaaskar woh do patiyayen rakhi thi jin par das aagyayen likhi thi aur jinhein gavahi ki patiyayen kaha jaata tha. (nir 25:22; 31:18; vya 31:26; 1ra 6:19; ibr 9:4)—ati. kha5 aur kha8 dekhein.

• karoob:

  uncha ohda rakhnevale swargdoot jinhein khaas kaam diye jaate hain. ye saarap se alag hain.—ut 3:24; nir 25:20; yash 37:16; ibr 9:5.

• kab:

  ek sookha maap jo 1.22 l. ke barbar tha. yah bat ke mutabik taula gaya maap tha. (2ra 6:25)—ati. kha14 dekhein.

• kabraa:

  aisi jagah jahaan ek insan ko dafnaya jaata hai. lekin bahot-si aayton mein ise ek laashanik jagah bataya gaya hai jahaan zyadatar insan maut ki nind so jaate hain. in aayton mein kabraa ke liye ibrani mein “sheol” aur yoonani mein “hades” shabd istemal huye hain.—ut 47:30; sab 9:10; pre 2:31.

• kamosh:

  moabiyon ka mukhya devta.—1ra 11:33.

• kasdiya; kasdi log:

  shuroo-shuroo mein tigris aur farat nadiyon ke muhane ke aas-paas ka ilaka kasdiya kaha jaata tha aur vahaan ke rehnevalon ko kasdi log. baad mein ye naam, baibiloniya aur uske logon ke liye istemal huye. iske alava, aise logon ko bhi “kasdi” kaha jaata tha jo bahot padhe-likhe the aur vigyan, itihas, bhaashaon aur nakshatron ke jaankar the. magar saath hi woh jaadoo-tona karte the aur jyotishi the.—ej 5:12; daan 4:7; pre 7:4.

• kehar:

  ibrani shastra mein aam taur par iska matlab hai, woh beemari ya aafat jo yahova saza dene ke liye laata tha.—gi 16:49.

• kaath:

  ek seedha khambha jis par kisi ko latkaya jaata tha. kuch raashtron mein agar kisi ko maut ki saza di jaati thi to use kaath par latkaya jaata tha aur uski laash usi par chhod di jaati thi. ya fir kisi ko maarkar uski laash kaath par latkayi jaati thi. aisa isliye kiya jaata tha taaki sareaam uski badnami ho aur doosron ko chetavni mile. ashshoori log yuddh mein bahot khoonkhar hote the. woh bandi banaye logon ke pet mein sooli ghonpkar seedhe chhaati mein nikaalte the aur unki laashon ko usi par latakne ke liye chhod dete the. magar yahoodiyon ke kaanoon ke mutabik jo parmeshvar ki ninda karne ya moortipooja jaise ghor paap karta tha, use pehale patthar maarkar ya kisi aur tareeke se maar daala jaata tha. fir uski laash ko kaath ya ped par latkaya jaata tha taaki doosron ko chetavni mile. (vya 21:22, 23; 2sh 21:6, 9) rom ke log kabhi-kabhi mujrim ko kaath par baandh dete the aur woh kai dinon tak dard se tadapta rehta tha aur aakhirkar bhookh-pyas aur garmi se mar jaata tha. magar kai baar woh kaath par mujrim ke haath-pair keelon se thonk dete the, jaisa unhonne yeeshu ke saath kiya tha. (lu 24:20; yu 19:14-16; 20:25; pre 2:23, 36; yaatna ka kaath dekhein.) iske alava, jin aayton mein ‘kaath mein kas dena’ likha hai, uska matlab hai lakdi ka ek dhaancha jismein ek insan ko jakadkar saza di jaati thi. kai kaath aise the jinmein sirf pair jakde jaate the, jabki doosre kism ke kaath mein haath-pair aur gardan jakde jaate the jis vajah se poora shareer muda hua rehta tha.—yir 20:2; pre 16:24.

• kaanoon:

  yah moosa ka kaanoon ho sakta hai, jo yahova ne ee.poo. 1513 mein seenai veerane mein israel ko diya tha. bible ki pehali paanch kitabon ko bhi aksar kaanoon kaha jaata hai. (yah 23:6; mat 7:12; lu 24:44; gal 3:24) iske alava, kaanoon ka matlab moosa ke kaanoon ka ek niyam ya siddhaant bhi ho sakta hai.—gi 15:16; vya 4:8.

• kislev:

  baibilon se lautnevale yahoodiyon ke pavitra calendar ka 9vaan maheena aur krishi calendar ka teesra maheena. yah maheena, navambar ke beech se disambar ke beech tak ka hota tha. (na 1:1; jak 7:1)—ati. kha15 dekhein.

• kumhar:

  iske ibrani shabd ka shaabdik matlab hai “rachnevala.” kumhar aur mitti ki misal aksar yah dikhane ke liye di jaati hai ki har insan aur raashtra par sirf yahova ko hukoomat karne ka adhikar hai.—yash 64:8; rom 9:21.

• kul devtaon ki moortein:

  kabhi-kabhi in moorton se shakun vichara jaata tha. (yahe 21:21) kuch kul devtaon ki moorton ki lambai-chaudai aur aakaar insan jitne hote the, to kuch moortein bahot chhoti hoti thi. (ut 31:34; 1sh 19:13, 16) mesopotamiya mein puratatva khoj se pata chala hai ki parivar ke jis sadasya ke paas kul devtaon ki moortein hoti thi use virasat milti thi. (shaayad yahi vajah hai ki raahel ne apne pita ke kul devtaon ki moortein le li thi.) lekin israel mein aisa koi dastoor nahin tha. nyayiyon aur raajaon ke dinon mein kul devtaon ki moortein jhoothi upasna mein istemal ki jaati thi. jab vafadar raja yoshiyah ne apne raaj mein ghinauni cheezon ka naash kiya tha, to unmein kul devtaon ki moortein bhi shaamil thi.—nya 17:5; 2ra 23:24; ho 3:4.

• kaisar:

  ek romi parivar ka naam, jo aage chalkar romi samraton ki upadhi ban gaya. bible mein teen kaisar ke naam diye gaye hain: augustus, tibiriyus aur klaudiyus. neero ka naam bible mein nahin hai, magar use bhi kaisar kaha gaya hai. iske alava, maseehi yoonani shastra mein “kaisar” ka matlab sarkar bhi ho sakta hai.—mar 12:17, foo.; pre 25:12, foo.

• kode lagvana:

  maseehi yoonani shastra mein iska matlab hai, aise kode se peetna jismein bahot-si gaanth hoti thi ya jiske chhor par kaante lage hote the.—yu 19:1.

• kodh; kodhi:

  ek gambheer charmrog. bible mein jis kodh ka zikra milta hai woh aaj ke kodh jaisa nahin hai. yah na sirf insanon ko hota tha balki kapdon aur gharon par bhi hota tha. jis insan ko kodh ki beemari hoti hai use kodhi kehte hain.—lai 14:54; lu 5:12.

• kone ka patthar:

  imarat ki do deevarein jahaan milti thi, us kone par lagaya jaanevala patthar. deevaron ko jodne aur mazboot karne ke liye yah patthar zaroori hota tha. kone ka woh patthar sabse aham hota tha jo ninv mein daala jaata tha. isliye saarvajanik imarton aur sheharpanahon mein yah patthar mazboot kism ka hota tha. ye shabd laashanik taur par bhi istemal huye hain jaise, dharti ki ninv daalne ke liye. maseehi mandli ki tulna parmeshvar ke bhavan se ki gayi hai aur yeeshu ko uski “ninv ke kone ka patthar” kaha gaya hai.—if 2:20; ay 38:6.

• kor:

  sookha aur dravya maap. yah 220 l. ke barbar tha jo bat ke mutabik taula jaata tha. (1ra 5:11)—ati. kha14 dekhein.

kh

• khambha:

  kisi imarat ko khada rakhne ke liye istemal honevala stambh. kuch khambhe aitihasik ghatnaon ko yaad karne ke liye khade kiye jaate the. sulaiman ne jo mandir aur shaahi imartein banvayi thi unmein bhi khambhe istemal huye the. jhoothi upasna karnevale logon ne pooja ke liye stambh khade kiye. kai baar israeliyon ne bhi aisa kiya. (nya 16:29; 1ra 7:21; 14:23)—kangoora dekhein.

• khatna:

  ladkon aur aadmiyon ke ling ki khaldi kaatna. abraham aur uske vanshajon se maang ki gayi thi ki woh khatna karvayen, magar maseehiyon se yah maang nahin ki gayi hai. kai aayton mein shabd “khatna” laashanik taur par istemal hua hai.—ut 17:10; 1ku 7:19; fi 3:3.

• khameer:

  aate ya pey ko khameera karne ke liye milayi jaanevali cheez. yah khaaskar purane aate ki bachi hui loi thi jo khameeri hoti thi. bible mein aksar khameer ko paap aur bhrashtata ki nishani bataya gaya hai. iska istemal aisi badhotri dikhane ke liye bhi kiya gaya hai, jo sabki nazron se chhipi aur door-door tak hoti hai.—nir 12:20; mat 13:33; gal 5:9.

• kharra:

  chamde ya sarkande se bana ek lamba patra, jis par sirf ek taraf likha jaata tha. ise aam taur par ek lakdi par lapetkar rakha jaata tha. shastra likhne aur uski nakaal taiyar karne ke liye kharron ka istemal kiya jaata tha. bible ke zamane mein kitabein aisi hoti thi.—yir 36:4, 18, 23; lu 4:17-20; 2ti 4:13.

• khaas aguva:

  yeeshu maseeh ko di ek upadhi. isse uski khaas bhoomika pata chalti hai ki woh vafadar insanon ko paap ke khatarnak anjamon se chhudayega aur hamesha ki zindagi paane ka raasta dikhayega.—pre 3:15; 5:31; ibr 2:10; 12:2.

• khushkhabri:

  maseehi yoonani shastra mein parmeshvar ke raaj ki khushkhabri aur yeeshu maseeh par vishvas karne se milnevale uddhaar ki khushkhabri ke baare mein bataya gaya hai.—lu 4:18, 43; pre 5:42; pra 14:6.

g

• gandhras:

  khushboodar gond jo alag-alag kanteeli jhaadiyon se ya komifora prajati ke chhote-chhote pedon se nikaala jaata tha. iska istemal abhishek ka pavitra tel banane mein hota tha. yah kapde ya bistar mehkane ke liye bhi istemal hota tha. ise maalish ke tel aur lep mein daala jaata tha. iske alava, dafnane se pehale laash par gandhras lagaya jaata tha.—nir 30:23; nee 7:17; yu 19:39.

• gitteet:

  sangeet se juda ek shabd jiska sahi-sahi matlab nahin pata. lekin aisa maaloom hota hai ki yah ibrani shabd gaath se nikala hai, jiska matlab hai angoor raundne ka haud. isliye kuch logon ka maanna hai ki gitteet un gaanon ki dhun ho sakta hai jo log daakh-madira banate vakt gaate the.—bh 81:up.

• girvi:

  ise bandhak bhi kaha jaata tha. moosa ke kaanoon mein is baare mein kai niyam diye gaye the taaki desh ke gareeb aur besahara logon ke saath koi anyay na ho.—nir 22:26; yahe 18:7.

• gilad:

  yardan nadi ke poorab ka upjaoo ilaka jo yabbok ghaati ke uttar aur dakshin mein faila tha. kuch aayton mein yardan ke poorab mein israeliyon ke poore ilake ko gilad kaha gaya hai, jahaan rooben, gaad aur manashshe ka aadha gotra rehta tha. (gi 32:1; yah 12:2; 2ra 10:33)—ati. kha4 dekhein.

• gut:

  aise logon ka samooh jo kuch khaas shikshayen maanta tha ya jo ek aguve ke peechhe jaata tha aur jiski apni hi kuch shikshayen hoti thi. yahoodi dharm ke do mukhya dalon, fareesiyon aur sadookiyon ko gut kaha jaata tha. log maseehi dharm ko “gut” ya ‘naasriyon ka gut’ kehte the kyonki shaayad unka maanna tha ki is gut ke log yahoodi dharm se alag huye hain. kuch samay baad maseehi mandli mein kai gut banne lage. prakashitvakya mein khaaskar “nikulaus ke gut” ka zikra milta hai.—pre 5:17; 15:5; 24:5; 28:22; pra 2:6; 2pa 2:1.

• gera:

  ek baat jo 0.57 g. ke barbar tha. 20 gera ek shekel ke barbar tha. (lai 27:25)—ati. kha14 dekhein.

• gehanna:

  hinnom ghaati ka yoonani naam. yah ghaati pracheen yarooshalem ke dakshin-pashchim ki taraf thi. (yir 7:31) bhavishyavaniyon mein ise aisi jagah bataya gaya tha jahaan laashein feinki jaatin. (yir 7:32; 19:6) is baat ka koi saboot nahin ki gehanna mein jaanvaron aur insanon ko feinka jaata tha taaki unhein zinda jalaya ya tadpaya jaaye. isliye gehanna aisi andekhi jagah nahin ho sakta, jahaan insanon ko marne ke baad hamesha-hamesha ke liye sachmuch ki aag mein tadpaya jaata hai. iske bajay, jab yeeshu aur uske chelon ne gehanna ki baat ki to unka matlab tha, “doosri maut” yaani hamesha ka vinash.—pra 20:14; mat 5:22; 10:28.

• gofan:

  chamde ka ek patta ya fir jaanvaron ki nason, lambee-lambee ghaas ya baalon se guntha hua ek patta. yah beech se chauda hota tha jismein feinkkar maarnevali cheez rakhi jaati thi. gofan mein aksar patthar ka istemal hota tha. iska ek sira haath ya kalai par baandha jaata tha aur doosre sire ko kaskar pakda jaata tha. fir gofan ko zor se ghumaya jaata tha aur uske doosre sire ko chhoda jaata tha. pracheen raashtron ki senaon mein gofan chalanevale yoddha bhi hote the.—nya 20:16; 1sh 17:50.

gh

• ghaati:

  iske ibrani shabd ka matlab hai, aisi ghaati jismein se nadi behti thi ya nadi ka tal. yah barsat ke mausam ko chhodkar baaki mausam mein sookhi rehti thi. iske ibrani shabd ka matlab nadi bhi ho sakta hai. kuch nadiyon mein paani ke sote hote the, isliye woh kabhi nahin sookhti thi.—ut 26:19; gi 34:5; vya 8:7; 1ra 18:5; ay 6:15.

ch

• chakki ka paat:

  bible ke zamane mein zyadatar gharon mein haath ki chakki hoti thi jise aurtein chalati thi. anaj peesne par hi parivar ko roti milti thi, isliye moosa ke kaanoon mein kisi ki chakki ya uske oopri paat ko girvi ke roop mein zabt kar lena mana tha. haath ki chakki ki tarah badi-badi chakkiyaan bhi hoti thi jinka paat jaanvar ghumate the.—vya 24:6; mar 9:42.

• chadhai ka geet:

  bhajan 120-134 ka uprilekh. in shabdon ke matlab ke baare mein alag-alag vichar hain. magar kai logon ka maanna hai ki jab israeli saal ke teen bade tyohar manane yahooda ke pahad ‘chadhkar’ yarooshalem jaate the, to woh ye 15 bhajan khushi-khushi gaate the.

• chadhave ki rotiyaan.—

  nazrane ki roti dekhein.

• charampatra:

  bhed-bakri ya bachhde ki chamdi jise is tarah taiyar kiya jaata tha ki woh likhai ke kaam aa sake. yah sarkande se zyada tikaoo tha aur bible ke kharre isse bane hote the. paulus ne timuthiyus ko jo charampatra laane ke liye kahe the woh shaayad ibrani shastra ke kuch hisse the. mrit saagar ke paas mile kharron mein kuch charampatra bhi the.—2ti 4:13.

• chitthiyaan:

  faisla karne mein istemal honevale chhote-chhote patthar ya lakdi ke tukde. inhein kapde ki tah ya ek bartan mein daalkar hilaya jaata tha. jiske naam ka patthar ya lakdi ka tukda baahar girta ya nikaala jaata tha usi ko chuna jaata tha. yah kaam prarthna ke saath kiya jaata tha. mool bhasha mein ‘chitthiyon’ ke liye jo shabd istemal huye hain, unka matlab ‘bhaag’ ya ‘hissa’ bhi ho sakta hai.—yah 14:2; bh 16:5; nee 16:33; mat 27:35.

• chimte:

  ye sone ke bane hote the aur inka istemal pavitra dere aur mandir mein deeyon ki aag bujhane ke liye kiya jaata tha.—nir 37:23.

chh

• chhapparon ka tyohar:

  ise deron ka tyohar ya batorne ka tyohar bhi kaha jaata tha, jo etaneem 15-21 tak chalta tha. israel mein krishi-varsh ke aakhir mein jo katai hoti thi, uski khushi mein yah tyohar manaya jaata tha. is mauke par log aanand manate the aur yahova ko dhanyavad dete the ki usne unki fasal par aasheesh di. is dauran log chhapparon mein ya chhajjedar machanon mein rehte the, jo unhein misra se nikaalne ki ghatna yaad dilate the. yah un teen tyoharon mein se ek hai jinhein manane ke liye aadmiyon se maang ki jaati thi ki woh yarooshalem jaayen.—lai 23:34; ej 3:4.

• chhutkare ka saal:

  israeliyon ke vaada kiye gaye desh mein daakhil hone ke baad se har 50vaan saal. is saal logon ko zameen par koi jutai-boaaee nahin karni thi aur ibri daason ko aazad karna tha. virasat ki jo bhi zameen bechi gayi thi use lautana tha. ek tarah se chhutkare ka saal tyohar ka saal tha. is saal israel raashtra mein vaisi khushhali laut aati jaisi us vakt thi jab parmeshvar ne uski shurooat ki thi.—lai 25:10.

j

• jatamaansi:

  halke laal rang ka khushboodar tel jo bahot keemti tha. yah jatamaansi (naardostaikis jatamaansi) ke paudhe se nikaala jaata tha. yah tel bahot hi mehanga tha isliye ismein aksar sasta tel milaya jaata tha ya nakali jatamaansi tel ko asli batakar becha jaata tha. gaur karne laayak baat yah hai ki markus aur yuhanna, donon ne bataya ki yeeshu par “asli jatamaansi” ka tel undela gaya tha.—mar 14:3; yu 12:3.

• jaati:

  bible mein shabd “jaati” unch-neech se nahin juda hai. iske bajay, jaati aam taur par aise logon se milkar bana ek samooh hai jinka ek-doosre ke saath khoon ka rishta hai aur jo ek hi bhasha bolte hain.—pra 7:9.

• jaadoo-tona:

  yah isliye kiya jaata hai kyonki logon ka maanna hai ki marne ke baad ek insan ke shareer se aatma nikaal jaati hai. woh yah bhi maante hain ki yah aatma zinda insanon se baat kar sakti hai aur karti bhi hai, khaaskar us insan ke zariye jo mare huon se sampark karne ka daava karta hai. “jaadoo-tona” ka yoonani shabd hai faarmakiya jiska shaabdik matlab hai, “nasheeli davaiyaan lena.” yah yoonani shabd jaadoo-tona ke liye bhi istemal hone laga kyonki purane zamane mein tona-totka karne ke liye nasheeli davaiyaan li jaati thi.—gal 5:20; pra 21:8.

• jiv:

  yah yahoodiyon ke pavitra calendar ke doosre maheene aur krishi calendar ke 8vein maheene ka purana naam hai. yah maheena, aprail ke beech se mai ke beech tak ka hota tha. yahoodi talmood mein aur baibilon ki bandhuai ke baad ke lekhon mein is maheene ka naam ayyar bataya gaya. (1ra 6:37)—ati. kha15 dekhein.

• jeevan:

  mool bhaashaon mein aise kai shabd hain jinka anuvad “jeevan” kiya gaya hai. inmein se do hain, ibrani shabd nefesh aur yoonani shabd saaikhi. bible ke is anuvad mein in shabdon ka aam taur par anuvad “jeevan” kiya gaya hai. bible mein jis tarah nefesh aur saaikhi ka istemal hua hai, use jaanchne par pata chalta hai ki unka matlab hai: (1) log, (2) jeev-jantu ya (3) insan aur jeev-jantuon ka jeevan. (ut 1:20; 2:7; 1pa 3:20) bible ke is anuvad mein in shabdon ka anuvad sandarbh ke mutabik, inke sahi matlab ko dhyan mein rakhte huye kiya gaya hai. jaise, “zindagi,” “jaan,” “jeev,” “insan,” “mera man” ya sirf sarvanam (misal ke liye “main”). kuch aayton mein nefesh aur saaikhi ka anuvad “apni poori jaan” kiya gaya hai, jiska matlab hai tan-man se koi kaam karna. (vya 6:5; mat 22:37) kuch aur aayton mein mool bhaashaon ke ye shabd insan ki ichha ya bhookh ke liye bhi istemal huye hain. iske alava, inka matlab laash bhi ho sakta hai.—gi 6:6; nee 23:2; yash 56:11; hag 2:13.

• jeevan ka ped:

  adan ke baag mein laga ek ped. bible yah nahin batati ki uske falon mein jeevan dene ki koi taakat thi. iske bajay woh ped is baat ki gaaranti tha ki parmeshvar jis kisi ko woh fal khaane dega use hamesha ki zindagi milegi.—ut 2:9; 3:22.

• jua:

  ek aadmi ke kandhon par rakha gaya danda jiske donon taraf bhaar latkaya jaata tha. ya fir bojh dhonevale do jaanvaron (aksar gaay-bailon) ki gardan par rakhi balli ya fatta, jisse woh hal jaisa koi auzar ya gaadi khinchte the. gulam aksar bhaari-bharkam bojh dhone ke liye juye ka istemal karte the, isliye juye ko gulami ya doosre insan ke adheen hone, zulm aur atyachar ki nishani bataya gaya hai. jua hatane ya todne ka matlab tha gulami, zulmon aur atyachar se chhutkara paana.—lai 26:13; mat 11:29, 30.

• zeus:

  yoonaniyon ke bahot-se devi-devtaon mein sabse bada devta. lustra mein logon ne baranbas ke baare mein galat raay kaayam ki thi ki woh zeus hai. lustra ke aas-paas mile pracheen shilalekh par ye shabd khude huye the, “zeus ke pujari” aur “soorya devta zeus.” paulus ne maalta se jis jahaz mein safar kiya uske saamne ki taraf “zeus ke beton” ki nishani bani thi, jo judva bhaai the aur jinka naam kaastar aur poluks tha.—preshi 14:12; 28:11.

t

• taat:

  ek khurdura kapda. yah bore ya thaile banane ke kaam aata tha jinmein anaj vagairah bhara jaata tha. taat aam taur par gehre rang ke bakri ke baalon se bunkar banaya jaata tha. dastoor ke mutabik shok manate vakt taat odha jaata tha.—ut 37:34; lu 10:13.

• tiddiyaan:

  moosa ke kaanoon ke mutabik tiddiyon ko shuddh maana jaata tha aur inhein khaane ki israeliyon ko ijazat thi. jab tiddiyon ka bada jhund apne raaste mein aanevali har cheez ko chat kar jaata aur tabahi machata, to ise tiddiyon ka kehar kaha jaata tha.—nir 10:14; mat 3:4.

• teela:

  daavidpur mein ek chhoti pahadi ya ek imarat. yah shaayad sheharpanah se lagi seedheedar deevar tha ya sahara denevali koi imarat.—2sh 5:9; 1ra 11:27.

• tona-totka:

  maana jaata hai ki yah kaam dusht swargdooton se mili shakti se kiya jaata hai.—2it 33:6.

t

• taj:

  taj ke ped (cinnamomum cassia) ki chhaal. taj aur daalcheeni ek hi jaati ke ped hain. taj ko ek khushboodar masale ke taur par aur abhishek ka pavitra tel taiyar karne mein istemal kiya jaata tha.—nir 30:24; bh 45:8; yahe 27:19.

• tammooj:

  (1) ek devta ka naam, jiske liye yarooshalem mein woh ibri aurtein ro rahi thi jo sachchi upasna se mukar gayi thi. kaha jaata hai ki tammooj darasal ek raja tha jiske marne ke baad use devta maankar pooja jaane laga. soomeri paath mein tammooj ko doomoozee kaha gaya hai aur use prajnan devi inana (baibilon ki devi ishtar) ka pati ya premi bataya gaya hai. (yahe 8:14) (2) baibilon ki bandhuai se lautnevale yahoodiyon ke pavitra calendar ka chautha maheena aur krishi calendar ka 10vaan maheena. yah maheena, joon ke beech se julai ke beech tak ka hota tha.—ati. kha15 dekhein.

• tarsheesh ke jahaz:

  shuroo-shuroo mein ye un jahazon ko kaha jaata tha jo pracheen tarsheesh (aaj ke spain) tak jaate the. aisa lagta hai ki aage chalkar yah naam un sabhi bade-bade jahazon ko diya gaya jo door-door tak safar karte the. sulaiman aur yahoshapat ne bhi in jahazon ko vyapar ke liye istemal kiya.—1ra 9:26; 10:22; 22:48.

• taartaras:

  maseehi yoonani shastra mein is shabd ka matlab hai, kaid mein jaisi giri hui haalaat hoti hai vaisi hi haalaat jismein nooh ke dinon ke baagi swargdooton ko daal diya gaya tha. doosra patras 2:4 mein kriya taartaroo (yaani “taartaras mein feinkna”) istemal hui hai. iska yah matlab nahin ki ‘jin swargdooton ne paap kiya’ tha unhein us taartaras mein feinka gaya tha jiske baare mein jhoothe dharmon ki katha-kahaniyon mein bataya gaya hai (yaani zameen ke neeche ka kaidkhana aur andheri kothri, jahaan chhote-mote devtaon ko kaid kiya jaata tha). iske bajay, iska matlab hai ki parmeshvar ne swarg mein unhein unki jagah se hata diya, unki zimmedariyaan chheen lin aur unke manon ko aise ghor andhkar mein daal diya ki woh parmeshvar ke shaandar maksad ko kabhi samajh na paayen. andhkar is baat ki bhi nishani hai ki un swargdooton ka aakhir mein kya anjam honevala hai. shastra batata hai ki unhein unke raja shaitan ke saath hamesha ke liye naash kiya jaayega. isliye taartaras un baagi swargdooton ki sabse giri hui haalaat ko darshata hai. yah prakashitvakya 20:1-3 mein bataya “athah-kund” nahin hai.

• tishri.—

  etaneem aur ati. kha15 dekhein.

• turhi:

  dhaatu se bana ek saaz jise foonkkar bajaya jaata tha. ise ishara karne ke liye bajaya jaata tha aur sangeet mein bhi istemal kiya jaata tha. ginti 10:2 ke mutabik yahova ne hidayat di ki chaandi ki do turhiyaan banayi jaayen jo khaas taur par mandli ko ikattha karne, padav uthane aur yuddh ka ailan karne ke liye foonki jaatin. shaayad ye turhiyaan seedhi hoti thi, jabki “narsinge” mude hote the aur jaanvaron ke sing se bane hote the. mandir mein bajaye jaanevale saazon mein turhiyaan bhi shaamil thi, magar bible yah nahin batati ki unki banavat kaisi thi. turhiyon ki aavaz ka laashanik taur par bhi istemal hua hai. jab yahova apna faisla sunata hai ya uski taraf se koi khaas ghatna ghatti hai, to uske saath-saath turhiyon ki aavaz sunayi deti hai.—2it 29:26; ej 3:10; 1ku 15:52; pra 8:7-11:15.

• tebet:

  baibilon ki bandhuai se lautnevale yahoodiyon ke pavitra calendar ka 10vaan maheena aur krishi calendar ka chautha maheena. yah maheena, disambar ke beech se janvari ke beech tak ka hota tha. aam taur par ise sirf ‘dasvaan maheena’ kaha gaya hai. (es 2:16)—ati. kha15 dekhein.

• taiyari ka din:

  sabt se pehale ka din, jismein yahoodi zaroori taiyariyaan karte the. aaj ke hisab se yah din shukravar ko sooraj dhalne par khatm hota tha aur usi vakt sabt ka din shuroo hota tha. yahoodi ek shaam se doosri shaam ko ek din ginte the.—mar 15:42; lu 23:54.

• toda:

  ibriyon ki bhaar maapne aur mudra ki sabse badi ikai. iska vazan 34.2 kilo tha. yoonani toda isse chhota hota tha jiska vazan kareeb 20.4 kilo tha. (1it 22:14; mat 18:24, foo.)—ati. kha14 dekhein.

d

• daya ke daan:

  aise daan jo zarooratmandon ko diye jaate the. ibrani shastra mein is tarah ke daan ka seedhe-seedhe zikra to nahin milta, magar kaanoon mein bataya gaya tha ki israeliyon ko kin tareekon se gareebon ki madad karni thi.—mat 6:2, foo.

• darknon:

  sone ka ek faarsi sikka jiska vazan 8.4 g. tha. (1it 29:7)—ati. kha14 dekhein.

• darshi:

  woh aadmi jo parmeshvar ki madad se uski marzee jaan paata tha. uski aankhein kholi jaati thi taaki woh un baaton ko dekh ya samajh sake jo aam insan ke liye dekhni ya samajhni mushkil thi. iska ibrani shabd jis mool shabd se nikala hai uska matlab hai “dekhna.” yah sachmuch dekhna ya laashanik taur par dekhna ho sakta hai. darshi ke paas log buddhi-bhari salah lene aate the ki falaan mushkil se kaise nikala jaaye.—1sh 9:9.

• dasvaan hissa:

  kisi bhi cheez ka 10 pratishat, jo daan mein ya nazrane ke taur par diya jaata tha. dasvaan hissa khaaskar upasna se jude kaamon ke liye diya jaata tha. (mal 3:10; vya 26:12; mat 23:23) moosa ke kaanoon ke tahat, har saal israeliyon ko apne khet ki paidavar ka aur maveshiyon ki badhotri ka dasvaan hissa leviyon ko dena hota tha taaki unka guzara ho sake. aur levi is hisse ka dasvaan hissa haaroon ke gharane ke yaajkon ko dete the taaki unka guzara ho sake. iske alava, israeliyon ko aur bhi kai tarah ka dasvaan hissa dena hota tha. aaj maseehiyon se dasvaan hissa dene ki maang nahin ki jaati.

• daanvna; khalihan:

  anaj ke daanon ko danthalon aur bhoosi se alag karne ko daanvna kaha jaata tha. anaj ko dandon se peet-peetkar daanva jaata tha. lekin agar anaj zyada ho to use khaas auzar se daanva jaata tha. jaise, daanvne ki patiya ya chhote-chhote pahiye jinhein jaanvar khinchte the. anaj ko khalihan mein failaya jaata tha aur us par daanvne ka auzar chalaya jaata tha. daanvne ki jagah ko khalihan kaha jaata tha. khalihan aksar golakar hota tha aur kisi unchi jagah par bana hota tha jahaan hava chalti thi.—lai 26:5; yash 41:15; mat 3:12.

• daagon:

  palishtiyon ka ek devta. yah to nahin pata ki yah naam kaise pada, magar kuch vidvan kehte hain ki yah ibrani shabd daagh (yaani machhli) se juda hai.—nya 16:23; 1sh 5:4.

• daavid ka vanshaj:

  ye shabd aksar yeeshu ke liye istemal huye hain. ye is baat par zor dete hain ki yeeshu, daavid ke khaandan se hai aur us raaj ka vaaris hai jiska karar parmeshvar ne daavid se kiya tha.—mat 12:23; 21:9.

• daavidpur:

  yaboos shehar ko diya gaya naam. yah naam tab diya gaya tha jab daavid ne use jeet liya tha aur vahaan apna mahal banvaya tha. ise siyyon bhi kaha jaata hai. yah yarooshalem mein dakshin-poorab mein hai aur shehar ka sabse purana hissa hai.—2sh 5:7; 1it 11:4, 5.

• dikapulis:

  yoonani shehron ka samooh, jo shuroo mein das shehron se milkar bana tha. (yah yoonani shabd dika se nikala hai jiska matlab hai “das” aur pulis jiska matlab hai “shehar.”) iske zyadatar shehar galeel jheel aur yardan nadi ke poorab mein base the, isliye us ilake ka naam bhi dikapulis tha. ye shehar yoonani sanskriti aur vyapar ke kendra the. yeeshu is ilake se guzra tha, magar is baat ka koi record nahin ki woh iske kisi shehar mein ruka tha. (mat 4:25; mar 5:20)—ati. ka7 aur kha10 dekhein.

• din ka taara:

  iska aur ‘subah ke taare’ ka ek hi matlab hai. sooraj ugne se pehale poorab mein jo aakhiri taara timtimata hai, use din ka taara kehte hain. ise dekhkar log samajh jaate the ki naya din shuroo honevala hai.—pra 22:16; 2pa 1:19.

• deenar:

  chaandi ka romi sikka jiska vazan 3.85 g. tha. iske ek taraf kaisar ki soorat bani hoti thi. ek deenar ek din ki mazdoori hoti thi aur romi, yahoodiyon se “kar” ke taur par ek deenar vasool karte the. (mat 22:17; lu 20:24)—ati. kha14 dekhein.

• duniya ki vyavastha ka aakhiri vakt:

  samay ka woh daur jo shaitan ke kabze mein padi is duniya ki vyavastha ke ant se khatm hoga. isi dauran maseeh ki maujoodgi bhi chal rahi hai. yeeshu ke nirdeshan mein swargdoot “dushton ko nek janon se alag kareinge” aur unhein naash kar deinge. (mat 13:40-42, 49) yeeshu ke chele jaanna chahte the ki woh “aakhiri vakt” kab aayega. (mat 24:3) swarg lautne se pehale yeeshu ne apne chelon se vaada kiya tha ki woh us vakt tak unke saath rahega.—mat 28:20.

• duniya ki vyavastha ya vyavasthayen:

  inka yoonani shabd aayon hai. iska matlab hai, kisi daur ke haalaat ya kuch khaas baatein jo us daur ya zamane ko doosre daur ya zamane se alag dikhati hain. bible “is duniya” ke baare mein bhi zikra karti hai, jiska matlab hai maujooda haalaat aur logon ke jeene ka taur-tareeka. (2ti 4:10) yahova ne kaanoon ke karar ke zariye aisi vyavastha ki shurooat ki jise israeliyon ya yahoodiyon ka zamana bhi kaha jaa sakta hai. magar baad mein usne yeeshu maseeh ke firauti balidan ke zariye ek doosri vyavastha ki shurooat ki, jo khaaskar abhishikt maseehiyon se judi hai. isse ek naya daur shuroo hua jismein woh baatein poori hone lagin jo kaanoon ke karar mein darshayi gayi thi. jahaan bahuvachan mein ‘duniya ki vyavasthayen’ likha hai, vahaan inka matlab hai alag-alag tarah ki vyavasthayen ya fir beete samay ke ya aanevale samay ke haalaat.—mat 24:3; mar 4:19; rom 12:2; 1ku 10:11.

• dusht swargdoot:

  ye adrishya hain aur inke paas insanon se badhkar taakat hai. utpatti 6:2 mein inhein “sachche parmeshvar ke bete” aur yahooda 6 mein “swargdoot” kaha gaya hai, jo dikhata hai ki inhein dusht nahin banaya gaya tha. magar nooh ke dinon mein in swargdooton ne parmeshvar ki aagya tod di aur shaitan ke saath milkar yahova ke khilaf ho gaye. is tarah woh parmeshvar ke dushman ban gaye.—vya 32:17; lu 8:30; pre 16:16; yak 2:19.

• devar-bhaabhi vivah:

  agar ek aadmi ke koi beta na ho aur uski maut ho jaaye, to yah rivaz tha ki uska bhaai uski vidhva se shaadi karke apne mare huye bhaai ka vansh chalaye. is rivaz ko devar-bhaabhi vivah kaha jaata tha. baad mein yah rivaz moosa ke kaanoon mein shaamil kiya gaya.—ut 38:8; vya 25:5.

• dosh-bali:

  ek insan apne paapon ke liye yah bali chadhata tha. yah isliye chadhayi jaati thi taaki paap karne par ek insan ne karar ke mutabik jo hak kho diye hain, unhein vaapas paa sake aur woh saza se bach jaaye. is maayne mein yah bali doosre paap-baliyon se thodi alag thi.—lai 7:37; 19:22; yash 53:10.

• drakhma:

  maseehi yoonani shastra mein chaandi ka yoonani sikka, jiska vazan us vakt 3.4 g. tha. ibrani shastra mein sone ke drakhma ka jo zikra milta hai, woh faaras ki hukoomat ke dauran istemal hota tha. yah darknon ke barbar tha. (na 7:70; mat 17:24, foo.)—ati. kha14 dekhein.

dh

• dhanyavad-bali:

  ek tarah ki shaanti-bali jo israeli, parmeshvar ki mahima karne ke liye arpit karte the kyonki woh unhein sabkuch deta tha aur unse atal pyar karta tha. bali kiye huye jaanvar ka gosht khaaya jaata tha aur uske saath khameeri aur bin-khameer ki rotiyaan bhi khaayi jaati thi. gosht ko usi din khaana hota tha.—2it 29:31.

• dhoop:

  sugandhit gond aur balsan ka mishran, jo dheere-dheere jalta hai aur khushboo failata hai. pavitra dere aur mandir ke liye dhoop chaar khaas masalon ke mishran se banaya jaata tha. pavitra bhaag mein dhoop ki vedi par ise subah-shaam jalaya jaata tha. aur prayashchit ke din ise param-pavitra bhaag mein jalaya jaata tha. dhoop parmeshvar ke vafadar sevkon ki prarthnaon ki nishani tha jo woh kabool karta tha. maseehiyon ke liye dhoop jalana ek maang nahin hai.—nir 30:34, 35; lai 16:13; pra 5:8.

na

• nagar-adhikari:

  baibilon ke shaasan mein zila adhikar-shetron ke kotval, jinhein kaanoon ki samajh hoti thi aur jinke paas nyayik maamle suljhane ke thode-bahot adhikar the. romi bastiyon mein nagar-adhikari sarkar ke prashasak the. unka kaam tha vyavastha banaye rakhna, sarkar se mile paise ke kharch ki dekhrekh karna, kaanoon todnevalon ka nyay karna aur unhein saza dene ka aadesh dena.—daan 3:2; pre 16:20.

• nazrane ki roti:

  baarah rotiyaan jinke chhe-chhe karke do dher banaye jaate the. ye rotiyaan, pavitra dere aur mandir ke pavitra bhaag mein mez par rakhi jaati thi. inhein “rotiyon ka dher” aur “chadhave ki rotiyaan” bhi kaha jaata tha. har sabt ke din chadhave ki in rotiyon ko hatakar taazee rotiyaan rakhi jaati thi. hatayi gayi rotiyon ko aam taur par sirf yaajak khaate the. (2it 2:4; mat 12:4; nir 25:30; lai 24:5-9; ibr 9:2)—ati. kha5 dekhein.

• nateen log:

  mandir ke woh sevak jo israeli nahin the. iske ibrani shabd ka shaabdik matlab hai “diye gaye log,” jisse pata chalta hai ki unhein mandir mein seva ke liye diya gaya tha. aisa maaloom hota hai ki kai nateen log un gibboniyon ke vanshaj the jinhein yahoshoo ne ‘israeliyon ki mandli aur yahova ki vedi ke liye lakdiyaan beenne aur paani bharne’ ka kaam diya tha.—yah 9:23, 27; 1it 9:2; ej 8:17.

• napunsak; khoja:

  aisa aadmi jiska andkosh kaat diya jaata hai. aise aadmiyon ko aksar mahal mein raani aur rakhailon ki dekhrekh ya seva karne ke liye rakha jaata tha. ye shabd aise aadmi ke liye bhi istemal hote the jiska andkosh nahin kata hota tha balki jo raaj-darbar mein adhikari hota tha. ye shabd laashanik taur par bhi istemal huye hain. aise logon ko ‘raaj ke liye napunsak’ bataya gaya hai, jo khud par sanyam rakhte hain taaki woh parmeshvar ki seva mein aur zyada kar sakein.—mat 19:12; es 2:15; pre 8:27.

• nafileem:

  jalpralay se pehale kuch swargdooton ne insani shareer dhaaran karke aurton ke saath sambandh rakhe. unke jo bachche paida huye woh nafileem kehlaye. woh bahot hi khoonkhar the.—ut 6:4.

• naya chaand:

  yahoodi calendar mein har maheene ka pehala din. is din sab ikattha hote, daavat khaate aur khaas balidan chadhate the. aage chalkar yah din raashtra ka ek aham tyohar ban gaya aur log is din koi kaam nahin karte the.—gi 10:10; 2it 8:13; kul 2:16.

• narkat:

  aise kai kism ke paudhe jo daldali jagahon mein ugte hain. kai aayton mein yah paudha arundo donax hai. (ay 8:11; yash 42:3; mat 27:29; pra 11:1) narkat ke chhad se maap-chhad banaye jaate the.—maap-chhad dekhein.

• nahilot:

  bhajan 5 ke uprilekh mein diya shabd, jiska matlab saaf-saaf nahin pata. kuch logon ka maanna hai ki yah baansuri jaisa koi saaz hai, kyonki woh kehte hain ki yah mool ibrani shabd kaaleel (yaani baansuri) se juda hai. lekin nahilot ek dhun ho sakta hai.

• naagdauna:

  kai tarah ke paudhe jinka tana kada hota tha. ye paudhe bahot kadve hote the aur inse tez mahak aati thi. bible batati hai ki anaitikta, gulami, anyay aur parmeshvar se bagavat karne ke anjam naagdaune jaise kadve hote hain. prakashitvakya 8:11 mein bataya “naagdauna,” ek kadva aur zahreela padarth hai jise ebsinth bhi kehte hain.—vya 29:18; nee 5:4; yir 9:15; aam 5:7.

• naajayaz yaun-sambandh:

  iske yoonani shabd porniya ka matlab hai har tarah ka yaun-sambandh jo parmeshvar ke niyam ke khilaf hai. jaise, vyabhichar, veshya ke kaam, do kunvare logon ke beech yaun-sambandh jinki ek-doosre se shaadi nahin hui, samlaingikta aur jaanvaron ke saath yaun-sambandh. prakashitvakya mein yah shabd laashanik taur par istemal hua hai. usmein bataya gaya hai ki “mahanagri baibilon” taakat aur daulat paane ke liye duniya ke shaaskon ke saath naajayaz yaun-sambandh rakhti hai. (pra 14:8; 17:2; 18:3; mat 5:32; pre 15:29; gal 5:19)—veshya dekhein.

• naazeer:

  ibrani se nikala ek shabd jiska matlab hai “chuna gaya,” “samarpit kiya gaya,” “alag kiya gaya.” naazeer do kism ke hote the, ek woh jo apni marzee se naazeer bante the aur doosre jinhein parmeshvar chunta tha. kuch vakt tak naazeer ki zindagi jeene ke liye ek aadmi (ya aurat) yahova se khaas mannat maanta tha. jo apni marzee se yah mannat maante the un par khaas teen paabandiyaan hoti thi: unhein na to daakh-madira peeni thi na hi angoor ki bel se bani koi cheez khaani thi, unhein apne baal nahin katvane the aur kisi ki bhi laash nahin chhooni thi. jinhein yahova naazeer chunta tha woh jeevan-bhar naazeer rehte the aur yahova hi unke liye kuch khaas hidaytein deta tha.—gi 6:2-7; nya 13:5.

• naasri:

  yeeshu ko diya ek naam kyonki woh naasrat se tha. mumkin hai ki yah yashayah 11:1 mein “ankur” ke liye istemal huye ibrani shabd se juda hai. baad mein yeeshu ke chelon ko bhi isi naam se bulaya gaya.—mat 2:23; pre 24:5.

• nigrani karnevala:

  aisa bhaai jiski aham zimmedari hai, mandli par nazar rakhna aur charvahe ki tarah uski dekhbhal karna. iske yoonani shabd episkopos ka buniyadi matlab hai, kisi ki hifazat karne ke liye us par nazar rakhna. shabd “nigrani karnevala” aur “pracheen” (presbaiteros), maseehi mandli mein ek hi pad ke liye istemal huye hain. shabd “pracheen” se pata chalta hai ki us bhaai ko isliye thehraya gaya hai kyonki usmein aise maseehi gun hain jo dikhate hain ki woh praudh hai. aur shabd “nigrani karnevale” se uski zimmedariyon ka pata chalta hai.—pre 20:28; 1ti 3:2-7; 1pa 5:2.

• nirdeshak:

  yah shabd bhajnon ki kitab mein aata hai. iske ibrani shabd ka matlab shaayad aisa vyakti hai jo geeton ke gaaye jaane ka intazam karta, gaane mein nirdesh deta, levi gaaykon ko sikhata aur unse riyaz karvata, yahaan tak ki geet-sangeet ke kaaryakramon mein aguvai karta tha. doosre anuvadon mein nirdeshak ko “mukhya vaadak” ya “sangeet nirdeshak” kaha gaya hai.—bh 4:up.; 5:up.

• nirdosh:

  jin ibrani shabdon ka anuvad “nirdosh” kiya gaya hai, unka mool arth hai “poora.” yaani jismein koi khot ya dosh na ho. jaise, bali ke liye aise jaanvar chadhaye jaane the jinmein koi dosh na ho. (nir 12:5; 29:1; lai 3:6) magar in ibrani shabdon ka zyadatar aayton mein matlab hai, naitik taur par khara hona ya bedag chaalchalan banaye rakhna.—yah 24:14; ay 27:5; bh 26:1.

• nirlajj kaam:

  yah koi maamooli ya chhoti-moti galti nahin hai. iska yoonani shabd aseljeea hai jiska matlab hai, aise kaam jo parmeshvar ke niyamon ke khilaf hain aur aisa ravaiya jisse nirlajjata aur ghor anadar dikhayi deta hai. nirlajj kaam karnevala insan kaanoonon, staron aur adhikar rakhnevalon ke liye koi aadar nahin dikhata, yahaan tak ki unhein tuchh samajhta hai.—gal 5:19; 2pa 2:7.

• nishani:

  aisi koi cheez, kaam, haalaat ya anokha nazara, jo aaj ya bhavishya mein honevali kisi khaas baat ki taraf ishara karta hai.—ut 9:12, 13; 2ra 20:9; mat 24:3; pra 1:1.

• neetivachan; kahavat:

  buddhi-bhari baat ya ek chhoti kahani jismein ek seekh hoti hai ya fir chand shabdon mein batayi gehri sachchai. bible mein diye neetivachan aur kahavatein paheliyaan ho sakti hain ya fir aisi baatein jo seedhe-seedhe samajh na aayen. neetivachanon aur kahavaton mein damdar bhasha aur aksar alankaron ka istemal karke zindagi ka sach bataya jaata hai. aisi bhi kahavatein thi jinka istemal kuch logon ka mazak udane ya unhein neecha dikhane ke liye hone laga.—sab 12:9; 2pa 2:22.

• nisan :

  baibilon ki bandhuai se lautnevale yahoodiyon ke pavitra calendar ka pehala maheena aur krishi calendar ka 7vaan maheena. iska purana naam aabib tha. nisan , maarch ke beech se aprail ke beech tak ka hota tha. (na 2:1)—ati. kha15 dekhein.

• nek; neki:

  bible batati hai ki sahi-galat ke baare mein parmeshvar ne jo star thehraye hain, unke mutabik jo sahi hai vahi nek ya neki hai. in shabdon ka anuvad sachchai, sahi aur achhai bhi kiya gaya hai.—ut 15:6; vya 6:25; nee 11:4; sap 2:3; mat 6:33.

• nyay-aasan:

  aam taur par ek uncha chabootra, jo khuli jagah mein bana hota tha. is par pahunchne ke liye seedhiyaan hoti thi. is aasan par ek adhikari baithkar bheed se baat karta aur apna faisla sunata tha. “parmeshvar ke nyay-aasan” aur “maseeh ke nyay-aasan” ka matlab hai, woh intazam jo parmeshvar ne insanon ka nyay karne ke liye thehraya hai.—rom 14:10; 2ku 5:10; yu 19:13.

• nyay ka din:

  ek khaas din ya daur jab kisi samooh, raashtra ya insanon se parmeshvar hisab leta hai aur faisla sunata hai. yah woh vakt bhi ho sakta hai jab aise logon ko saza di jaati hai jinhein maut ki saza sunayi gayi hai ya kuch logon ko bachne ka mauka diya jaata hai. yeeshu maseeh aur uske preshiton ne bhavishya mein aanevale “nyay ke din” ke baare mein bataya jismein na sirf zinda logon ka balki unka bhi nyay hoga jo beete zamane mein mar chuke hain.—mat 12:36.

• nyayi:

  jab israel par koi insani raja raaj nahin karta tha, tab yahova ne apne logon ko dushmanon se bachane ke liye kuch aadmiyon ko chuna. un aadmiyon ko nyayi kaha jaata tha.—nya 2:16.

p

• pagdi:

  mahayajak badhiya malmal se bani pagdi pehanta tha, jis par saamne ki taraf sone ki ek patti neeli dori se bandhi hoti thi. raja bhi pagdi baandhta tha aur uske oopar taaj pehanta tha. ayyoob ne apne nyay ki tulna ek pagdi se ki.—nir 28:36, 37; ay 29:14; yahe 21:26.

• padosi:

  pados mein rehnevala insan, fir chahe woh dost ho ya dushman. bible mein us insan ko bhi “padosi” kaha gaya hai jo shastra ki aagya maante huye doosron se pyar karta hai aur un par kripa karta hai, fir chahe woh unke pados mein na rehta ho.—root 4:17; lu 10:36; rom 15:2.

• parda:

  khoobsoorti se buna gaya kapda jis par kadhai karke karoob banaye gaye the. yah parda pavitra dere aur mandir donon mein tha. yah pavitra bhaag ko param-pavitra bhaag se alag karne ke liye lagaya gaya tha. (nir 26:31; 2it 3:14; mat 27:51; ibr 9:3)—ati. kha5 dekhein.

• param-pavitra bhaag:

  pavitra dere aur mandir ka bheetri kamra, jahaan karar ka sandook rakha tha. moosa ke kaanoon ke mutabik, sirf mahayajak ko param-pavitra bhaag mein jaane ki ijazat thi. woh sirf saal mein ek baar prayashchit ke din vahaan jaa sakta tha.—nir 26:33; lai 16:2, 17; 1ra 6:16; ibr 9:3.

• parmeshvar ka raaj:

  ye shabd khaas taur par maseeh yeeshu ki sarkar ke liye istemal huye hain, jo uske pita yahova ki hukoomat karne ke adhikar ko darshati hai.—mat 12:28; lu 4:43; 1ku 15:50.

• parmeshvar ki bhakti:

  yahova parmeshvar ka gehra aadar karna, uski upasna aur seva karna, saath hi use saare jahan ka maalik maankar uske vafadar rehna.—1ti 4:8; 2ti 3:12.

• parmeshvar se bagavat:

  inka yoonani shabd (apostesiya) ek kriya se nikala hai jiska shaabdik matlab hai, “se door khada rehna.” iski sangya ka matlab hai, “chhod dena, tyag dena ya bagavat.” maseehi yoonani shastra mein ye shabd khaaskar un logon ke liye istemal huye hain jo sachchi upasna karna chhod dete hain.—nee 11:9; pre 21:21; 2th 2:3.

• palisht; palishti:

  israel ke dakshini tat par basa desh palisht kehlata tha. jo log krete se aakaar yahaan bas gaye woh palishti kehlaye. daavid ne unhein hara diya tha, fir bhi woh kisi ke adheen nahin the aur israel ke dushman bane rahe. (nir 13:17; 1sh 17:4; aam 9:7)—ati. kha4 dekhein.

• pavitra; pavitrata:

  yahova ko pavitra kaha gaya hai kyonki woh swabhav se pavitra hai aur har maamle mein shuddh hai. woh jo bhi karta hai, woh shuddh aur pavitra hai. (nir 28:36; 1sh 2:2; nee 9:10; yash 6:3) jab insanon (nir 19:6), jaanvaron (gi 18:17), cheezon (nir 28:38; 30:25; lai 27:14), jagahon (nir 3:5; yash 27:13), samay ke daur (nir 16:23; lai 25:12) aur baaki kaamon (nir 36:4) ko “pavitra” kaha gaya hai, to iske mool ibrani shabd ka matlab hai alag kiya gaya, ek khaas maksad ke liye thehraya gaya ya pavitra parmeshvar ke liye alag kiya gaya; parmeshvar ki seva ke liye samarpit hona. maseehi yoonani shastra mein bhi “pavitra” aur “pavitrata” ka matlab hai, parmeshvar ke liye alag kiya gaya. ye shabd ek insan ke shuddh chaalchalan ke liye bhi istemal huye hain.—mar 6:20; 2ku 7:1; 1pa 1:15, 16.

• pavitra dera:

  upasna ka tamboo jise ek jagah se doosri jagah le jaaya jaa sakta tha. misra se nikaalne ke baad israeli isi tamboo ke saamne aakaar parmeshvar ki upasna karte the aur balidan chadhate the. ismein yahova ke karar ka sandook rakha jaata tha jo parmeshvar ki maujoodgi ki nishani tha. ise kabhi-kabhi “bheint ka tamboo” bhi kaha jaata tha. yah lakdi ki chaukhaton se bana tha aur malmal ki chaadar se dhaka tha jis par kadhai karke karoob banaye gaye the. pavitra dere mein do kamre the: pehala, pavitra bhaag aur doosra, param-pavitra bhaag. (yah 18:1; nir 25:9)—ati. kha5 dekhein.

• pavitra bhaag:

  pavitra dere aur mandir ka pehala aur bada kamra, jo bheetri kamre yaani param-pavitra bhaag se alag tha. pavitra dere ke pavitra bhaag mein sone ki deevat, dhoop jalane ke liye sone ki vedi, nazrane ki roti ki mez aur sone ki doosri cheezen rakhi thi. mandir ke pavitra bhaag mein sone ki vedi, sone ki das deevtein aur nazrane ki roti ki das mezen rakhi thi. (nir 26:33; ibr 9:2)—ati. kha5 aur kha8 dekhein.

• pavitra rehasya:

  parmeshvar ke maksad ka ek pehaloo. woh ise tay vakt tak apne tak rakhta hai. uske baad woh yah rehasya un logon par prakat karta hai jin par prakat karna chahta hai.—mar 4:11; kul 1:26.

• pavitra shakti:

  parmeshvar ki woh zabardast shakti jo taakat bhar deti hai aur jiska istemal karke woh apni marzee poori karta hai. yah shakti pavitra hai kyonki yah yahova se milti hai jo sabse badhkar shuddh aur nek hai aur isliye bhi ki parmeshvar iske zariye apni pavitra marzee poori karta hai.—lu 1:35; pre 1:8.

• pavitra seva:

  woh seva ya kaam jo pavitra hai aur seedhe-seedhe parmeshvar ki upasna se juda hai.—rom 12:1; pra 7:15.

• pavitra-sthan:

  upasna ke liye alag ki gayi jagah. magar aksar iska matlab pavitra dera ya yarooshalem ka mandir tha. swarg mein parmeshvar ke nivas-sthan ko bhi pavitra-sthan kaha gaya hai.—nir 25:8, 9; yash 16:12; 1it 28:10; pra 11:19.

• pashchatap:

  bible ke mutabik iska matlab hai, apna man badalna. saath hi apni beeti zindagi par, galat kaamon ke liye ya jo karna chahiye tha use na karne ki vajah se dil se afsos karna. sachcha pashchatap kaamon se dikhaya jaata hai: ek insan buri raah chhodkar sahi raah par chalne lagta hai.—mat 3:8; pre 3:19; 2pa 3:9.

• pehredar:

  pehredar aksar raat ko pehra deta tha taaki logon ya sampatti ko kisi tarah ka nuksan na pahunche. jab woh koi khatra aate dekhta tha to logon ko chaukanna kar deta tha. pehredar aksar sheharpanah par ya meenaron par tainat rehte the taaki agar koi shehar ki taraf badh raha hai to woh use door se hi dekh lein. sena ke pehredaron ko aam taur par santri kaha jaata hai. bhavishyavakta ek maayne mein israel raashtra ke liye pehredar the kyonki woh unhein aanevale vinash ki chetavni dete the.—2ra 9:20; yahe 3:17.

• pehala fal:

  katni ke mausam ki sabse pehali upaj; insanon aur jaanvaron ka pehala bachcha. yahova ki maang thi ki israeli apna pehala fal use dein. ek raashtra ke taur par israel, bin-khameer ki roti ke tyohar aur pintekust par apne pehale fal parmeshvar ko chadhata tha. maseeh aur uske abhishikt chelon ko laashanik bhasha mein ‘pehale fal’ kaha gaya hai.—1ku 15:23; gi 15:21; nee 3:9; pra 14:4.

• pehalautha:

  pita ka sabse bada beta (na ki maa ka pehalautha). bible ke zamane mein pehalauthe bete ko parivar mein bahot aadar-samman diya jaata tha aur pita ke marne ke baad use gharane ka mukhiya banaya jaata tha. jaanvaron ke pehale nar bachche ko bhi pehalautha kaha gaya hai.—nir 11:5; 13:12; ut 25:33; kul 1:15.

• paap:

  bahot-se logon ka maanna hai ki paap ka matlab hai, koi apradh karna ya kaanoon todna. magar iske ibrani aur yoonani shabdon ka matlab hai “chookna,” yaani kisi lakshya tak pahunchne se chook jaana. jab log parmeshvar ke thehraye staron ko maanne se chook jaate hain to woh “paap” karte hain. bible yah bhi sikhati hai ki hum janm se paapi hain yaani hamein paap virasat mein mila hai.—bh 51:3; yu 8:34; rom 5:12.

• paap-bali:

  apasripoorna hone ki vajah se ek insan anjane mein jo paap karta tha, uske prayashchit ke liye chadhaya jaanevala balidan. prayashchit karnevala apni haisiyat aur haalaat ke mutabik bail se lekar kabootar tak koi bhi jaanvar ya pakshi chadha sakta tha.—lai 4:27, 29; ibr 10:8.

• pintekust:

  un teen bade tyoharon mein se doosra tyohar, jinhein manane ke liye har yahoodi aadmi ko yarooshalem jaana hota tha. pintekust ka matlab hai “pachasvaan (din).” ibrani shastra mein jis tyohar ko katai ka tyohar kaha gaya hai, use maseehi yoonani shastra mein pintekust kaha gaya hai. israeliyon ko nisan 16 se 50 din ginna tha aur 50vein din yah tyohar manana tha.—nir 23:16; 34:22; pre 2:1.

• pim:

  ek baat-patthar. iske alava palishti, dhaatu ke auzaron par dhaar chadhane ke liye jo keemat lete the use bhi pim kaha jaata tha. israel mein puratatva khoj se aise kai baat-patthar mile jin par pracheen ibrani vyanjanon se “pim” likha tha. unka ausatan vazan 7.8 g. tha, jo ek shekel ka kareeb do-tihai hissa tha.—1sh 13:20, 21.

• pursa:

  paani ki gehrai naapne ki ek ikai jo 1.8 m. (6 fut) ke barbar thi. (pre 27:28, foo.)—ati. kha14 dekhein.

• pooja-laath:

  iske ibrani shabd (ashera) ka matlab hai: (1) woh pooja-laath jo kanaaniyon ki prajnan devi ashera ki nishani thi ya (2) ashera devi ki moorat. zahir hai ki ye laathein seedhi khadi ki jaati thi aur inka kuch hissa lakdi ka bana hota tha. ye shaayad ped the ya fir aisi laathein thi jin par koi nakkashi nahin ki gayi thi.—vya 16:21; nya 6:26; 1ra 15:13.

• pooja-stambh:

  ek seedha khambha jo aam taur par patthar ka hota tha. zahir hai ki yah baal devta ya doosre jhoothe devtaon ke ling ki nishani tha.—nir 23:24.

• pooreem:

  adaar 14 aur 15 ko manaya jaanevala saalana tyohar. yah us ghatna ki yaad mein manaya jaata tha jab raani ester ke samay mein yahoodiyon ko mitne se bachaya gaya tha. pooreem koi ibrani shabd nahin hai. pooreem ka matlab hai “chitthiyaan.” ise pooreem ka tyohar ya chitthiyon ka tyohar isliye kaha gaya kyonki haaman ne poor (yaani chitthi) daalkar tay kiya tha ki kis din yahoodiyon ka naash kiya jaaye.—es 3:7; 9:26.

• porniya.—

  naajayaz yaun-sambandh dekhein.

• pradhan yaajak:

  ibrani shastra mein “mahayajak” ko pradhan yaajak bhi kaha gaya hai. maseehi yoonani shastra mein dekha gaya hai ki ‘pradhan yaajak’ yaajakvarg ke bade-bade aadmiyon ko kaha gaya hai. shaayad inmein woh aadmi the jinhein mahayajak ke pad se hataya gaya tha aur woh bhi jo yaajkon ke 24 dalon ke mukhiya the.—2it 26:20; ej 7:5; mat 2:4; mar 8:31.

• pradhan swargdoot:

  matlab “swargdooton ka pradhan.” yah paribhasha aur bible mein iske liye ekvachan istemal hona dikhata hai ki pradhan swargdoot sirf ek hai. bible mein ise meekael naam diya gaya hai.—daan 12:1; ya 9; pra 12:7.

• prabhu ka sandhya-bhoj:

  sachmuch ka bhoj jismein bin khameer ki roti khaayi jaati thi aur daakh-madira pi jaati thi, jo maseeh ke shareer aur khoon ki nishani thi. yah bhoj yeeshu ki maut ki yaad mein khaaya jaata tha. bible mein maseehiyon ko aagya di gayi hai ki woh yah samaroh manayen, isliye ise “smarak” bhi kaha jaata hai.—1ku 11:20, 23-26.

• prabhu ki raah:

  bible mein “raah” ka matlab hai aisa kaam ya chaalchalan jo yahova ki nazar mein sahi hai ya galat hai. jo log yeeshu maseeh ke chele bane, unhein “prabhu ki raah” par chalnevala kaha gaya, yaani woh yeeshu ke nakshe-kadam par chale aur unhonne apne jeene ke tareeke se dikhaya ki unhein yeeshu par vishvas hai.—pre 19:9.

• prashasak:

  baibilon ki sarkar mein soobedar se kam ohda rakhnevala ek adhikari. bible mein bataya gaya hai ki baibilon ke darbar mein prashasak, gyaaniyon ke oopar thehraye gaye the. maadi raja daara ki hukoomat mein bhi prashasakon ka zikra milta hai.—daan 2:48; 6:7.

• praant ka raajyapal:

  uske paas nyay karne ka adhikar tha aur sena bhi uski kaman ke adheen thi. haalanki woh apne kaamon ke liye rom ki parishad ko javabdeh tha, magar fir bhi poore praant mein usi ke paas sabse zyada adhikar tha.—pre 13:7; 18:12.

• pracheen:

  prakashitvakya ki kitab mein yah shabd swarg ke praniyon ke liye istemal hua hai. aur jin aayton mein mandli mein aguvai karnevale bhaaiyon ki baat ki gayi hai, unmein yoonani shabd presbaiteros ka anuvad “pracheen” kiya gaya hai.—1ti 5:17; pra 4:4.

• prayashchit:

  ibrani shastra ke mutabik logon ko apne paapon ka prayashchit karne ke liye balidan chadhane hote the taaki woh parmeshvar ke saamne aa sakein aur uski upasna kar sakein. jab ek insan ya poora raashtra paap karta tha, to moosa ke kaanoon ki maang thi ki parmeshvar se sulah karne ke liye unhein balidan chadhana tha. aur har saal prayashchit ke din aisa karna aur bhi zaroori ho jaata tha. ye balidan yeeshu ke balidan ki jhalak the, jisse ek hi baar mein insan ke paapon ka poori tarah prayashchit hua aur logon ko yahova se sulah karne ka mauka mila.—lai 5:10; 23:28; kul 1:20; ibr 9:12.

• prayashchit ka dhakna:

  karar ke sandook par rakha dhakna, jiske saamne mahayajak prayashchit ke din paap-bali ka khoon chhidakta tha. iska ibrani shabd jis mool kriya se nikala hai, uska matlab hai “(paap) dhaanpna,” ya shaayad “(paap) mitana.” yah dhakna sone ka bana tha aur iske oopar donon kinaron par do karoob bane the. kai baar ise sirf ‘dhakna’ kaha gaya hai. (nir 25:17-22; 1it 28:11; ibr 9:5)—ati. kha5 dekhein.

• prayashchit ka din:

  israeliyon ka sabse khaas aur pavitra din. ise yom kippur bhi kaha jaata tha jo etaneem ke 10vein din manaya jaata tha. (yah ibrani shabdon yoham haakkipureem se nikala hai, jinka matlab hai “dhaanpne ka din.”) saal mein sirf yahi ek din tha jab mahayajak pavitra dere ke param-pavitra bhaag mein jaata tha. vahaan woh apne paapon, baaki leviyon ke paapon aur logon ke paapon ke liye balidan ka khoon arpit karta tha. is din pavitra sabha aur upvas rakha jaata tha aur sabt bhi manaya jaata tha jismein rozmarra ke kaam karne ki manahi thi.—lai 23:27, 28.

• preshit:

  iska seedha-seedha matlab hai “bheje gaye.” yah shabd yeeshu aur kuch aise logon ke liye istemal hua hai jo doosron ki seva karne ke liye bheje gaye the. aam taur par yah 12 chelon ke liye istemal hua hai jinhein khud yeeshu ne chuna ki woh uske pratinidhi thehrein.—mar 3:14; pre 14:14.

f

• farat nadi:

  asia ke dakshin-pashchim bhaag ki sabse lambee aur khaas nadi. yah mesopotamiya ki do badi nadiyon mein se ek hai. yah naam pehali baar utpatti 2:14 mein aata hai jahaan ise adan ki chaar nadiyon mein se ek bataya gaya hai. ise aksar “mahanadi” kaha jaata hai. (ut 31:21) yah israel ko diye ilake ki uttari sarhad thi. (ut 15:18; pra 16:12)—ati. kha2 dekhein.

• fareesi:

  pehali sadi mein yahoodi dharm ka ek jaana-maana dhaarmik gut. woh yaajkon ke vansh se nahin the, fir bhi woh moosa ke kaanoon mein likhi ek-ek baat sakhti se maante the aur zabani taur par sikhayi paramparaon ko bhi utni hi ahmiyat dete the. (mat 23:23) unhein jahaan kahin yoonani sanskriti ka zara bhi asar nazar aata, woh uska virodh karte the. kaanoon aur paramparaon ke achhe jaankar hone ki vajah se logon mein unka bahot dabdaba tha. (mat 23:2-6) kuch fareesi mahasabha ke sadasya bhi the. woh kai maamlon mein yeeshu ka virodh karte the jaise, sabt aur paramparaon ko maanne aur paapiyon aur kar-vasoolnevalon ke saath sangati karne ke maamlon mein. kuch fareesi maseehi ban gaye jinmein se ek tarsus ka rehnevala shaaool tha.—mat 9:11; 12:14; mar 7:5; lu 6:2; pre 26:5.

• fasah:

  ek saalana tyohar jo aabib (naya naam nisan ) ke 14vein din manaya jaata tha. yah is yaad mein manaya jaata tha ki kaise israeliyon ko misra se chhudaya gaya tha. is din memna (ya bakri) halal karke bhoona jaata tha aur kadve saag aur bin-khameer ki roti ke saath khaaya jaata tha.—nir 12:27; yu 6:4; 1ku 5:7.

• faaras; faarsi:

  faaras ek desh ka naam tha aur uske logon ko faarsi kaha jaata tha. inka zikra aksar maadiyon ke saath aata hai jisse zahir hai ki un donon ka koi naata tha. faaras ke shuroo ke itihas ke mutabik iske log iran ke pathar ke sirf dakshin-pashchim hisse mein rehte the. kusroo mahan ke raaj mein maadiyon se zyada faarsiyon ka dabdaba tha, iske baavjood ki saamrajya donon se milkar bana tha. (kuch pracheen itihaskaron ka maanna tha ki kusroo ka pita faarsi tha aur maa maadi.) kusroo ne ee.poo. 539 mein baibilon saamrajya ko jeet liya aur bandhuai mein pade yahoodiyon ko vaapas unke desh jaane diya. faaras saamrajya poorab mein sindhu nadi se lekar pashchim mein ejiyan saagar tak faila tha. ee.poo. 331 mein sikandar mahan ne faaras ko hara diya. us vakt tak yahoodi log faaras ki hukoomat ke adheen the. daaniyel ne ek darshan mein faaras saamrajya ko udhaarte dekha tha. iske alava, is saamrajya ka zikra ejra, nahemayah aur ester mein milta hai. (ej 1:1; daan 5:28)—ati. kha9 dekhein.

• firdaus:

  ek khoobsoorat baag ya bageecha. aisa hi ek baag sabse pehale adan mein tha jise yahova ne pehale insani jode ke liye banaya tha. yeeshu ne apni maut ke vakt ek mujrim se jo baat kahi, usse pata chalta hai ki yah dharti ek firdaus ban jaayegi. zahir hai ki 2 kurinthiyon 12:4 mein bhavishya mein aanevale firdaus ki baat ki gayi hai aur prakashitvakya 2:7 mein swarg mein firdaus jaise haalaat ki baat ki gayi hai.—lu 23:43.

• firauti:

  kaid, saza, takaleef, paap ya kisi zimmedari se aazad hone ke liye di jaanevali keemat. yah keemat hamesha paison se nahin ada ki jaati thi. (yash 43:3) kai alag-alag haalaat the jinmein firauti deni hoti thi. misal ke liye, israeliyon ke sabhi pehalauthe bete ya unke jaanvaron ke sabhi nar pehalauthe yahova ke the aur unhein khaas uski seva ke liye alag kiya gaya tha. isliye unhein chhudane ke liye firauti ki keemat deni hoti thi. (gi 3:45, 46; 18:15, 16) agar kisi khatarnak bail ko baandhkar nahin rakha jaata tha aur woh kisi ko maar daalta tha, to uske maalik ko maut ki saza milti thi. lekin agar maalik is saza se bachna chahta tha to use firauti ki utni rakam deni hoti thi jitni usse maangi jaati thi. (nir 21:29, 30) magar jaanboojhkar katla karnevalon ke liye koi firauti nahin hoti thi. (gi 35:31) bible batati hai ki sabse badi firauti maseeh ne di. usne aagya maannevale insanon ko paap aur maut se chhudane ke liye apni jaan de di.—bh 49:7, 8; mat 20:28; if 1:7.

• firaun:

  misra ke raajaon ki upadhi. bible mein paanch firaun ke naam diye gaye hain (sheeshak, so, tirhaka, niko aur hopra), magar baakiyon ke naam nahin diye gaye. inmein woh firaun shaamil hain jinka zikra abraham, moosa aur yoosuf ke byauron mein aata hai.—nir 15:4; rom 9:17.

b

• bandhuai:

  kisi ko bandi banakar uske desh ya ghar se kahin door bhej dena. aisa aksar us desh ko jeetnevale ke hukm par kiya jaata tha. iske ibrani shabd ka matlab hai “ravana hona.” israel ke itihas mein do baar bade paimane par logon ko bandhuai mein le jaaya gaya tha. pehali baar, uttar ke das gotronvale raajya ko ashshoor bandhuai mein le gaya aur baad mein dakshin ke do gotronvale raajya ko baibilon bandhuai mein le gaya. faaras ke raja kusroo ki hukoomat mein in donon raajyon ke bache huye israeliyon ko vaapas unke desh bhej diya gaya.—2ra 17:6; 24:16; ej 6:21.

• bat:

  ek dravya maap jo kareeb 22 l. ke barbar tha. yah baat puratatva khoj se pata chali kyonki mitti ke bartanon ke aise tukde mile jin par “bat” likha tha. bible mein bataye zyadatar sookhe aur dravya maap “bat” ke mutabik taule jaate the. (1ra 7:38; yahe 45:14)—ati. kha14 dekhein.

• baptisma; baptisma dena:

  is kriya ka matlab hai “dubki dilana” ya paani ke andar daalkar nikaalna. yeeshu ki yah maang thi ki jo uska chela banna chahta hai use baptisma lena hoga. shastra mein kai tarah ke baptisme bataye gaye hain, jaise yuhanna ka diya baptisma, pavitra shakti se baptisma aur aag se baptisma.—mat 3:11, 16; 28:19; yu 3:23; 1pa 3:21.

• balidan:

  parmeshvar ka dhanyavad karne, apna dosh maanne aur uske saath fir se ek achha rishta banane ke liye use arpit kiya jaanevala chadhava. haabil ke samay se insan apni marzee se kai tarah ke balidan chadhate aaya tha, jaise jaanvaron ka balidan. magar aage chalkar moosa ke kaanoon ke tahat aisa karna ek niyam ban gaya. jab yeeshu ne apne paripoorna jeevan ka balidan diya, tab se jaanvaron ki bali chadhane ki zaroorat nahin rahi. fir bhi maseehi is maayne mein balidan chadhate aaye hain ki woh aise kaam karte hain jinse parmeshvar khush hota hai.—ut 4:4; ibr 13:15, 16; 1yu 4:10.

• baati bujhane ki kainchiyaan:

  sone ya tambe se bane auzar jo pavitra dere aur mandir mein istemal hote the. in kainchiyon se jalti hui baati ko bujhane ke liye kaat diya jaata tha.—2ra 25:14.

• baal-zabool:

  shaitan ko diya ek naam, jo dusht swargdooton ka haakim ya raja hai. yah naam shaayad baal-jaboob naam ka hi doosra roop hai. is baal devta ki pooja ekron ke palishti log karte the.—2ra 1:3; mat 12:24.

• baal devta:

  kanaan desh ka ek devta. use aakash ka maalik maana jaata tha jo baarish deta hai. use prajnan shakti aur utpadan ka devta bhi maana jaata tha. alag-alag ilakon ke chhote-mote devtaon ko bhi “baal” kaha jaata tha. ibrani mein is shabd ka matlab hai “maalik.”—1ra 18:21; rom 11:4.

• bichvai:

  do pakshon ke beech sulah karanevala. bible mein moosa kaanoon ke karar ka bichvai tha aur yeeshu naye karar ka.—gal 3:19; 1ti 2:5.

• bitta:

  lambai aur doori naapne ka maap. ek bitta ka matlab hota tha, failayi hatheli ke angoothe ke sire se lekar chhoti ungli ke sire tak ki doori. ek haath 44.5 c.m. (17.5 inch) ka hota tha, us hisab se ek bitta lagbhag 22.2 c.m. (8.75 inch) ka hota tha. (nir 28:16; 1sh 17:4, foo.)—ati. kha14 dekhein.

• bin-khameer ki roti ka tyohar:

  israeliyon ke teen bade tyoharon mein se pehala tyohar, jinhein woh har saal manate the. yah fasah ke agle din, nisan 15 ko shuroo hota tha aur saat din tak chalta tha. yah misra se nikaalne ki yaad mein manaya jaata tha aur is dauran sirf bin-khameer ki roti khaayi jaati thi.—nir 23:15; mar 14:1.

• beenna:

  katai ke baad bachi hui fasal batorna. katai karnevale ise jaanboojhkar ya anjane mein chhod jaate the. moosa ke kaanoon ke mutabik, logon ko khet ki fasal kaatte vakt uska kona-kona saaf nahin karna tha, na hi saare-ke-saare jaitoon aur angoor todne the. unhein lene ka hak parmeshvar ne unke beech rehnevale pardesiyon, gareebon, sataye huon, anathon aur vidhvaon ko diya tha.—root 2:7.

• bool:

  yahoodiyon ke pavitra calendar ka 8vaan maheena aur krishi calendar ka doosra maheena. yah jis mool shabd se nikala hai uska matlab hai “paidavar; upaj.” yah maheena, aktoobar ke beech se navambar ke beech tak ka hota tha. (1ra 6:38)—ati. kha15 dekhein.

bh

• bhajan:

  parmeshvar ki taareef mein gaaya jaanevala geet. bhajnon ke liye dhun taiyar ki jaati thi aur unhein yahova ke upasak gaate the. yarooshalem ke mandir mein jab sab log upasna ke liye ikattha hote the, tab bhi ye bhajan gaaye jaate the.—lu 20:42; pre 13:33; yak 5:13, foo.

• bhavishya batanevala:

  aisa insan jo bhavishya mein honevali ghatnaon ke baare mein batane ka daava karta hai. bible mein ‘bhavishya batanevalon’ ka matlab hai, jaadoo-tona karnevale pujari, jyotishi aur is tarah ke kaam karnevale doosre log.—lai 19:31; vya 18:11; pre 16:16.

• bhavishyavakta:

  woh insan jiske zariye parmeshvar apna maksad sab par zahir karta hai. bhavishyavakta parmeshvar ki taraf se bolte the. woh na sirf bhavishyavani karte the balki yahova ki baatein aur aagyayen sikhate the aur uske faisle sunate the.—aam 3:7; 2pa 1:21.

• bhavishyavani:

  parmeshvar se mila sandesh, fir chahe woh uski marzee ke baare mein khulasa ho ya uska ailan ho. yah parmeshvar ki taraf se zaroori sabak, uski aagya, uska faisla ya bhavishya mein honevali ghatnaon ki khabar bhi ho sakti hai.—yahe 37:9, 10; daan 9:24; mat 13:14; 2pa 1:20, 21.

• bhoosi:

  anaj ko daanvne aur fatakne ke baad, unse alag honevala chhilka. bhoosi ka istemal alankar ke roop mein kiya gaya hai jo dikhata hai ki koi cheez bekar aur buri hai.—bh 1:4; mat 3:12.

• bheint ka tamboo:

  yah naam moosa ke tamboo ko aur us pavitra dere ko diya gaya tha, jo sabse pehale veerane mein khada kiya gaya tha.—nir 33:7; 39:32.

m

• mandir:

  yarooshalem mein bani ek pakki imarat jahaan israeli upasna karte the. isse pehale woh pavitra dere ke saamne upasna karte the jise ek jagah se doosri jagah le jaaya jaa sakta tha. pehala mandir sulaiman ne banvaya tha magar baibilon ke logon ne use tabah kar diya tha. doosra mandir jarubabel ne tab banvaya tha jab israeli baibilon ki bandhuai se lautkar aaye the. isi mandir ko baad mein herodes mahan ne dobara banvaya tha. bible mein mandir ko aksar “yahova ka bhavan” kaha gaya hai. (ej 1:3; 6:14, 15; 1it 29:1; 2it 2:4; mat 24:1)—ati. kha8 aur kha11 dekhein.

• mandli:

  logon ka ek samooh jo kisi khaas maksad ya kaam ke liye ikattha hota tha. ibrani shastra mein israel raashtra ko “mandli” kaha gaya hai. maseehi yoonani shastra mein yah shabd alag-alag mandliyon ke liye istemal hua hai, lekin zyadatar aayton mein maseehiyon ki poori biradri ko mandli kaha gaya hai.—1ra 8:22; pre 9:31; rom 16:5.

• makiduniya:

  yoonan ke uttar ki taraf ek praant jo sikandar mahan ke raaj mein mashhoor hua tha. yah ek aazad praant tha, magar aage chalkar romi logon ne is par kabza kar liya. jab preshit paulus ne yoorop ka pehala daura kiya tab makiduniya ek romi praant tha. usne is praant ka teen baar daura kiya. (pre 16:9)—ati. kha13 dekhein.

• mannat:

  jab ek insan parmeshvar se vaada karta hai ki woh koi kaam ya khaas seva karega, use koi chadhava ya bheint dega ya un cheezon se door rahega jo kaanoon ke mutabik galat nahin hai, to us vaade ko mannat kehte hain. mannat maanna, shapath khaane jitna gambheer hota tha.—gi 6:2; sab 5:4; mat 5:33.

• mannat-bali:

  ek swechha-bali jiske saath-saath koi mannat maani jaati thi.—lai 23:38; 1sh 1:21.

• manna:

  veerane mein 40 saal ke dauran israeliyon ka mukhya khaana. yahova ne ise chamatkarik tareeke se dene ka intazam kiya tha. sabt ke din ko chhod, har subah manna zameen par os ki chaadar ke neeche pada milta tha. jab israeliyon ne pehali baar ise dekha to poochha, “yah kya hai?” ya ibrani mein “maan hoo?” (nir 16:13-15, 35) doosri aayton mein ise “swarg ka anaj” (bh 78:24), “swarg se roti” (bh 105:40) aur “shoorveeron ki roti” (bh 78:25) kaha gaya hai. yeeshu ne bhi manna shabd ka istemal laashanik taur par kiya.—yu 6:49, 50.

• marua:

  patle-patle danthalon aur pattiyonvala paudha, jo shuddh karne ki rasm mein khoon ya paani chhidakne ke liye istemal kiya jaata tha. bible mein marua ke liye jo ibrani aur yoonani shabd istemal huye hain woh kai tarah ke paudhe ho sakte hain. yuhanna 19:29 mein yah dandiyon par laga marua ho sakta hai ya jvar (saargham valger) ki ek prajati, jiske danthal lambe hote hain aur isliye shaayad khatti daakh-madira se bheege spanj ko ismein lagakar yeeshu ke munh tak le jaana aasan raha hoga.—nir 12:22; bh 51:7.

• mare huon mein se zinda karna:

  iske yoonani shabd aanastasis ka shaabdik matlab hai “uthana; khade hona.” bible mein aise nau logon ke baare mein bataya gaya hai jinhein mare huon mein se zinda kiya gaya tha. unmein se ek yeeshu tha, jise yahova ne zinda kiya tha. haalanki baaki aath logon ko eliyah, eleesha, yeeshu, patras aur paulus ne zinda kiya tha, magar yah saaf hai ki unhonne ye chamatkar parmeshvar ki shakti se kiye the. parmeshvar ka maksad poora hone ke liye yah zaroori hai ki prithvi par “achhe aur bure, donon tarah ke logon” ko mare huon mein se zinda kiya jaaye. (pre 24:15) bible yah bhi batati hai ki kuch mare huon ko swarg mein zinda kiya jaayega. yah kehti hai ki yeeshu ke abhishikt bhaaiyon ko ‘pehale zinda kiya jaayega.’—fi 3:11; pra 20:5, 6; yu 5:28, 29; 11:25.

• marodak:

  baibilon shehar ka mukhya devta. jab se baibilon ke raja aur kaanoon bananevale hammurabee ne baibilon ko baibiloniya saamrajya ki raajdhani banaya, tab se marodak (ya mardook) mashhoor hone laga. aakhirkar marodak ne pehale ke kai devtaon ki jagah le li aur baibilon ke sabhi devi-devtaon mein mukhya devta ban gaya. aage chalkar use yah upadhi di gayi, “beloo” (matlab “maalik”). marodak ko aam taur par bel kaha jaata tha.—yir 50:2.

• malkam:

  mumkin hai ki yah molek hi hai, jo ammoniyon ka mukhya devta tha. (sap 1:5)—molek dekhein.

• mashak:

  yah bhed-bakri ya kisi aur jaanvar ki khaal se bani hoti thi aur ismein daakh-madira rakhi jaati thi. jab daakh-madira khameeri hoti thi to usse carbon dioxide gas nikaalti thi aur yah mashak mein dabav paida karti thi. isliye daakh-madira nayi mashak mein rakhi jaati thi kyonki yah lacheeli hoti thi aur failti thi, jabki purani mashak kadi hoti thi aur zyada dabav mein fat jaati thi.—yah 9:4; mat 9:17.

• mashkeel:

  13 bhajnon ke uprilekh mein diya ek ibrani shabd jiska matlab saaf-saaf nahin pata. shaayad iska matlab hai “sochne par majboor kar denevali kavita.” mashkeel se milta-julta ek aur shabd hai jiska anuvad ‘soojh-boojh se seva karna’ kiya gaya hai, isliye kuch logon ko lagta hai ki in donon shabdon ke matlab bhi shaayad ek-doosre se milte-julte hon.—2it 30:22; bh 32:up.

• maseeh; maseeha:

  inke ibrani shabd masheeak aur yoonani shabd khristaus ka matlab hai, “abhishikt jan.” jab kisi ko khaas seva ke liye thehraya jaata, to uska abhishek tel se kiya jaata tha. “maseeh” yeeshu ko di ek upadhi bhi thi.—mat 1:16; yu 1:41; 2sh 22:51; 1it 16:22; daan 9:25; ibr 11:26.

• maseeh ka virodhi:

  inke yoonani shabd ke do matlab hain. pehala, woh jo maseeh ke khilaf hai ya uska virodh karta hai. doosra, woh jo jhootha maseeh hai yaani jo maseeh hone ka daava karta hai. aise sabhi logon, sangthanon ya samoohon ko maseeh ke virodhi kehna sahi hoga jo maseeh ke chele ya maseeha hone ka daava karte hain ya jo maseeh aur uske chelon ka virodh karte hain.—1yu 2:22.

• maseehi:

  parmeshvar ne yah naam yeeshu maseeh ke chelon ko diya hai.—pre 11:26; 26:28.

• mahlat:

  zahir hai ki bhajan 53 aur 88 ke uprilekh mein diya yah shabd sangeet se juda hai. yah shaayad ibrani ki jis mool kriya se juda hai uska matlab hai “kamzor hona; beemar padna.” isse pata chalta hai ki yah ek dard-bhara sur hoga, jo in do bhajnon ke dukh-bhare bol par sahi baithega.

• maha-kripa:

  iske yoonani shabd ka mukhya matlab hai, koi baat ya cheez jo achhi aur dil jeetnevali hai. yah aksar khushi-khushi diye tohfe ya pyar se diye gaye tohfe ke liye istemal hota hai. jahaan parmeshvar ki maha-kripa ki baat aati hai vahaan uska matlab hai, aisa tohfa jo parmeshvar udarta se deta hai aur badle mein kuch paane ki maang nahin karta. isliye shabd “maha-kripa” se pata chalta hai ki parmeshvar insanon ko jo deta hai bahotayat mein deta hai, unse bahot pyar karta hai aur un par kripa karta hai. iske yoonani shabd ka anuvad “kripa,” “aasheesh,” “meharbani” vagairah bhi kiya gaya hai. maha-kripa na to kamayi jaa sakti hai na hi iska hakdar hone ka koi daava kar sakta hai. yah kripa to maha-kripa karnevale ki dariyadili ki vajah se us par ki jaati hai.—2ku 6:1; if 1:7.

• mahamari:

  koi bhi sankramak beemari jo tezee se kai ilakon mein fail sakti hai aur jiski chapet mein aakaar badi taadad mein logon ki maut ho sakti hai. aksar parmeshvar saza dene ke liye mahamari laata tha.—gi 14:12; yahe 38:22, 23; aam 4:10.

• mahayajak:

  moosa ke kaanoon ke mutabik sabse bada yaajak jo logon ki taraf se parmeshvar ke saamne jaata tha aur baaki yaajkon ke kaam-kaaj ki nigrani karta tha. use “pradhan yaajak” bhi kaha jaata tha. (2it 26:20; ej 7:5) sirf use pavitra dere ke aur baad mein mandir ke param-pavitra bhaag mein jaane ki ijazat thi. woh saal mein sirf ek baar yaani prayashchit ke din param-pavitra bhaag mein jaata tha. yeeshu maseeh ko bhi “mahayajak” kaha gaya hai.—lai 16:2, 17; 21:10; mat 26:3; ibr 4:14.

• maha-sankat:

  yeeshu ne bataya tha ki yarooshalem par ek aisa “maha-sankat” aayega jaisa pehale kabhi nahin aaya tha. usne yah bhi bataya ki bhavishya mein jab woh ‘mahima ke saath aayega’ tab poori maanavjati par aisa hi “maha-sankat” aayega. (mat 24:21, 29-31) paulus ne bataya ki ‘jo parmeshvar ko nahin jaante aur yeeshu ke baare mein khushkhabri ke mutabik nahin chalte’ un par yah sankat laakaar parmeshvar apne nyay ka saboot dega. prakashitvakya adhyay 19 dikhata hai ki yeeshu ‘jangli jaanvar aur dharti ke raajaon aur unki senaon’ se ladne ke liye apni swarg ki senaon ke saath aa raha hai. (2th 1:6-8; pra 19:11-21) is sankat se “ek badi bheed” bachkar niklegi. (pra 7:9, 14)—har-magidon dekhein.

• mahasabha:

  yarooshalem mein yahoodiyon ki sabse badi adalat. yeeshu ke dinon mein mahasabha 71 sadasyon se milkar bani thi. inmein mahayajak, woh aadmi jo mahayajak reh chuke the, mahayajakon ke gharane ke log, mukhiya, gotron aur gharanon ke mukhiya aur shaastri shaamil the.—mar 15:1; pre 5:34; 23:1, 6.

• maatam manana:

  kisi ki maut par ya koi aafat tootne par dukh zahir karna. bible ke zamane mein kai dinon tak maatam manana ek dastoor tha. zor-zor se rone ke alava, maatam mananevale alag tarah ke kapde pehante the, sir par raakh daalte the, apne kapde faadte the aur chhaati peette the. kabhi-kabhi mare huon ko dafnate vakt kiraye par maatam mananevalon ko bulaya jaata tha.—ut 23:2; es 4:3; pra 21:4.

• maadi; maadai:

  maadi log yepet ke bete maadai ke vanshaj the. woh iran ke pathar mein bas gaye jo ek pahadi ilaka tha aur yah maadai desh kehlaya. maadiyon ne baibilon ke saath milkar ashshoor ko haraya. us vakt faaras maadai ke adheen ek praant tha. magar kusroo ne bagavat ki aur maadai ko faaras se mila diya gaya. isse ek naya saamrajya maadi-faaras bana jisne ee.poo. 539 mein baibilon saamrajya ko haraya. ee. 33 mein pintekust ke din maadi log bhi yarooshalem mein maujood the. (daan 5:28, 31; pre 2:9)—ati. kha9 dekhein.

• maap-chhad:

  yah chhad aam taur par narkat ka bana hota tha. iski lambai 6 haath thi. ek haath ki maanak naap ke mutabik maap-chhad 2.67 m. (8.75 fut) lamba tha aur lambe haath ke mutabik maap-chhad 3.11 m. (10.2 fut) lamba tha. (yahe 40:3, 5; pra 11:1, foo.)—ati. kha14 dekhein.

• miktam:

  ek ibrani shabd jo chh: bhajnon (bh 16, 56-60) ke uprilekh mein diya gaya hai. yah ek takneeki shabd hai jiska matlab saaf-saaf nahin pata. magar ho sakta hai yah shabd, “khodkar likhna” se juda ho.

• milkom:

  ammoniyon ka devta. mumkin hai ki yah molek hi hai. (1ra 11:5, 7) sulaiman ne apne shaasan ke aakhiri saalon mein isi jhoothe devta ke liye unchi jagah banayin.—molek dekhein.

• meena:

  yahejkel mein ise maaneh bhi kaha gaya hai. yah bhaar maapne aur mudra ki ek ikai tha. puratatva khoj se pata chala hai ki ek meena 50 shekel ke barbar tha aur ek shekel ka vazan 11.4 g. tha. isliye ibrani shastra mein bataye ek meena ka vazan 570 g. tha. iske alava, shaayad ek shaahi meena bhi hota tha theek jaise ek haath ki do naap hoti thi. maseehi yoonani shastra mein ek meena 100 drakhma ke barbar tha. iska vazan 340 g. tha. ek tode mein 60 meena hote the. (ej 2:69; lu 19:13)—ati. kha14 dekhein.

• meel:

  yah shabd maseehi yoonani shastra ke mool paath mein sirf matti 5:41 mein istemal hua hai. mumkin hai ki yahaan romi meel ki baat ki gayi hai jo 1,479.5 m. (4,854 fut) ke barbar tha.—ati. kha14 dekhein.

• mukhiya; buzurg:

  umradaraz aadmi, magar shastra mein yah shabd khaaskar uske liye istemal hua hai jo samaj ya desh mein adhikar aur zimmedari ke pad par tha.—nir 4:29; nee 31:23.

• muhar:

  aisi cheez jisse chhaap lagayi jaati thi. (yah chhaap aam taur par chikni mitti ya mom par lagayi jaati thi.) kisi cheez, dastavez vagairah par lagi muhar dikhati thi ki uska maalik kaun hai, woh asli hai ya do pakshon ke beech karar kiya gaya hai. pracheen samay ki muhar sakht cheez (jaise patthar, haathi-daant ya lakdi) se bani hoti thi jis par akshar ya prateek ulte khude hote the. muhar ko laashanik taur par yah dikhane ke liye bhi istemal kiya gaya hai ki koi baat sachchi ya raaz hai. muhar lagana yah bhi dikhata hai ki kisi par kiska adhikar hai.—nir 28:11; na 9:38; pra 5:1; 9:4.

• muharvali angoothi:

  ek tarah ki muhar jise ungli par pehna jaata tha ya fir dori mein daalkar shaayad gale mein pehna jaata tha. yah kisi adhikari ya shaasak ke adhikar ki nishani hoti thi. (ut 41:42)—muhar dekhein.

• moonga:

  patthar jaisi sakht cheez jo chhote-chhote samudri jeevon ke kankal se banti hai. moonge samundar mein kai rangon mein paaye jaate hain jaise laal, safed aur kaala. khaaskar laal saagar mein dher saare moonge paaye jaate the. bible ke zamane mein laal moonge beshkeemti hote the aur inse manke aur gehne banaye jaate the.—nee 8:11.

• moot-labben:

  bhajan 9 ke uprilekh mein diya ek shabd. maana jaata tha ki iska matlab hai, “bete ki maut par.” kuch log kehte hain ki yah ek naam tha ya shaayad kisi jaane-maane dhun ke shurooati shabd the, jinhein yah bhajan gaate vakt istemal kiya jaana tha.

• molek:

  ammoniyon ka devta. shaayad isi ko malkam, milkom aur molok kaha jaata tha. molek kisi devta ke naam ke bajay ek upadhi ho sakti hai. moosa ke kaanoon mein saaf bataya gaya tha ki agar koi molek ke liye apne bachchon ki bali chadhayega, to use maut ki saza di jaayegi.—lai 20:2; yir 32:35; pre 7:43.

• molok.—

  molek dekhein.

• maujoodgi:

  maseehi yoonani shastra ki kuch aayton mein is shabd ka matlab hai, raja ki haisiyat se yeeshu maseeh ki maujoodgi. uski maujoodgi swarg mein uske raja banne se shuroo hui aur ab tak yaani is vyavastha ke aakhiri dinon tak chal rahi hai. maseeh ki maujoodgi ka matlab uska aakaar turant chale jaana nahin hai balki yah kuch vakt tak chalnevala ek khaas daur hai.—mat 24:3.

y

• yadootoon:

  yah shabd bhajan 39, 62 aur 77 ke uprilekh mein aata hai, magar iska matlab saaf-saaf nahin pata. aisa lagta hai ki uprilekh mein un bhajnon ke baare mein hidayat di gayi hai. shaayad yah ki unhein kis shaili mein gaaya jaana hai ya kaun-saa saaz bajaya jaana hai. ek levi sangeetkar ka naam bhi yadootoon tha. isliye ho sakta hai ki bhajnon ki shaili ya saaz yadootoon ya uske beton se kisi tarah jude the.

• yahooda:

  yakub ki patni lia se uska chautha beta. marne se pehale yakub ne bhavishyavani ki thi ki yahooda ke khaandan se ek mahan shaasak aayega jo hamesha-hamesha tak raaj karega. insan ke roop mein yeeshu ka janm yahooda ke khaandan mein hua. yahooda ek gotra ka naam bhi tha. aage chalkar yahooda aur binyameen gotron se milkar bane raajya ka naam yahooda pada. ise dakshini raajya bhi kaha jaata tha. yaajkon aur leviyon ki ginti isi mein hoti thi. iska ilaka desh ke dakshini hisse mein tha jahaan yarooshalem aur uska mandir tha.—ut 29:35; 49:10; 1ra 4:20; ibr 7:14.

• yahoodi:

  israel ke das gotronvale raajya ke naash ke baad, yahooda gotra ke logon ko yahoodi kaha jaata tha. (2ra 16:6) magar baad mein, baibilon ki bandhuai se lautnevale sabhi gotron ke israeliyon ko yahoodi kaha gaya. (ej 4:12) aage chalkar yah naam duniya-bhar mein faile israeliyon ko gair-yahoodi raashtron se alag dikhane ke liye istemal hua. (es 3:6) preshit paulus ne is shabd ka laashanik taur par istemal karke yah daleel di ki ek maseehi kis raashtra se hai, yah baat maseehi mandli mein koi maayne nahin rakhti.—rom 2:28, 29; gal 3:28.

• yahoodi dharm apnanevala:

  bible mein bataya gaya hai ki yahoodi dharm apnanevalon mein se aadmiyon ka khatna kiya jaata tha.—mat 23:15, foo.; pre 13:43.

• yahova:

  parmeshvar ke naam ka jaana-maana anuvad, jo ibrani ke in chaar aksharon mein likha jaata hai (יהוה). yah naam bible ke is anuvad mein 7,000 se zyada baar aaya hai.—ati. ka4 aur ka5 dekhein.

• yakub:

  ishaak aur ribka ka beta. parmeshvar ne use baad mein israel naam diya aur woh israel ke logon ka (jinhein israeli aur aage chalkar yahoodi kaha gaya tha) kulpita bana. uske 12 beton aur unke vanshajon se milkar israel raashtra ke 12 gotra bane. baad mein bhi israel raashtra ya uske logon ko yakub naam se bulaya jaata tha.—ut 32:28; mat 22:32.

• yaajak:

  woh aadmi jise parmeshvar ne thehraya tha ki woh logon ki seva kare aur unhein parmeshvar aur uske niyamon ke baare mein sikhaye. iske alava yaajak logon ki taraf se parmeshvar ke saamne jaakaar balidan chadhata tha aur unke paapon ki maafi maangta tha. moosa ka kaanoon milne se pehale, parivar ka mukhiya hi apne parivar ke liye yaajak hua karta tha. moosa ke kaanoon ke mutabik levi gotra se haaroon ke gharane ke aadmiyon ko yaajak thehraya gaya. levi gotra ke baaki aadmiyon ko unki madad karne ke liye thehraya gaya. naye karar ke shuroo hone par parmeshvar ka israel, yaajkon ka raashtra bana jiska mahayajak yeeshu maseeh tha.—nir 28:41; ibr 9:24; pra 5:10.

• yaatna ka kaath:

  yah yoonani shabd stauros ka anuvad hai. iska matlab hai ek seedha kaath ya khambha. yeeshu ko isi tarah ke kaath par latkakar maar daala gaya tha. is baat ka koi saboot nahin ki is yoonani shabd ka matlab kroos hai. darasal maseeh ke aane se pehale, sadiyon se jhoothe dharmon ke log kroos ko ek dhaarmik nishani ke taur par istemal karte the. “yaatna ka kaath” mool shabd ka poora-poora matlab deta hai kyonki stauros shabd ka istemal yah batane ke liye bhi kiya gaya ki yeeshu ke chelon ko yaatna, dukh-takaleefon aur sharmindagi ka saamna karna padega. (mat 16:24; ibr 12:2)—kaath dekhein.

• yoonani:

  yoonan desh ke logon ki bhasha. jo yoonan mein paida hota hai ya jiska parivar yoonan se hai use bhi yoonani kehte hain. maseehi yoonani shastra mein is shabd ka istemal aise sabhi logon ke liye bhi kiya gaya hai, jo yahoodi nahin the ya jin par yoonani bhasha aur sanskriti ka asar tha.—yoe 3:6; yu 12:20.

r

• rangshala:

  aisi jagah jahaan log naatak aur sangeet ke kaaryakram dekhne ke liye ikattha hote the. ifisus mein ek badi rangshala thi jahaan baithne ke liye patthar se bani bench hoti thi. us rangshala mein kareeb 25,000 log baith sakte the.

• rath:

  bible ke zamane mein rath yuddh mein aur safar ke liye istemal hota tha.—nir 14:23; nya 4:13; pre 8:28; pra 9:9.

• raajdand:

  laathi ya danda jo shaasak apne haath mein liye rehta tha aur jo uske raaj karne ke adhikar ki nishani tha.—ut 49:10; ibr 1:8.

• raahab:

  yah shabd ayyoob, bhajan aur yashayah ki kitabon mein laashanik taur par istemal hua hai. (yah yahoshoo ki kitab mein batayi aurat raahab nahin hai.) ayyoob ki jis aayat mein raahab ka zikra aata hai uski aas-paas ki aaytein dikhati hain ki yah ek bada samudri jeev hai. baaki aayton mein yah samudri jeev misra ko darshata hai.—ay 9:13; bh 87:4; yash 30:7; 51:9, 10.

• ruakh; nafma:

  ibrani shabd ruakh aur yoonani shabd nafma ka anuvad kai hindi baaibalon mein “aatma” kiya gaya hai. magar yah anuvad sahi nahin hai kyonki isse amar aatma ki galat shiksha ko badhava mila hai. (bh 146:4) ruakh aur nafma ka asal mein matlab hai “saans.” iske alava in shabdon ke ye matlab bhi hain: (1) hava, (2) insanon aur jaanvaron ki jeevan-shakti, (3) insan ke man ki prerna, (4) parmeshvar ya dusht swargdooton se milnevala sandesh, (5) swargdoot aur (6) parmeshvar ki zordar shakti yaani pavitra shakti. (nir 35:21; bh 104:29; mat 12:43; lu 11:13) isliye is sanskaran mein matlab ko dhyan mein rakhte huye inhin shabdon ka istemal kiya gaya hai.

l

• labanon parvatmala:

  labanon desh ki do parvatmalaon mein se ek. yah pashchim ki taraf hai aur poorvi labanon parvatmala poorab ki taraf hai. in donon parvatmalaon ke beech ek lambee-si upjaoo ghaati hai. labanon parvatmala bhoomadhya saagar ke tat se shuroo hoti hai aur uski chotiyon ki ausatan unchai 1,800 se 2,100 m. (6,000 fut se 7,000 fut) ke beech hai. beete zamane mein labanon devdar ke unche-unche pedon se dhaka tha, jinki lakdiyaan aas-paas ke deshon mein umda maani jaati thi. (vya 1:7; bh 29:6; 92:12)—ati. kha7 dekhein.

• livyatan:

  paani mein rehnevala ek jeev kyonki aksar iska zikra paani se judi baaton mein milta hai. ayyoob 3:8 aur 41:1 mein yah magarmachh ya koi doosra bada aur taakatvar samudri jeev ho sakta hai. bhajan 104:26 mein yah ek kism ki vhel machhli ho sakta hai. baaki aayton mein yah nahin bataya gaya hai ki yah kaun-saa jaanvar hai balki ise laashanik taur par istemal kiya gaya hai.—bh 74:14; yash 27:1.

• leptaun:

  jis zamane mein maseehi yoonani shastra likha gaya tha, us zamane mein yah yahoodiyon ka sabse chhota sikka tha jo tambe aur kaanse ka bana tha. bible ke kai anuvadon mein ise “damdi” kaha gaya hai. (mar 12:42, foo.; lu 21:2, foo.)—ati. kha14 dekhein.

• levi:

  yakub ki patni lia se uska teesra beta. levi se nikle gotra ka bhi yahi naam tha. aage chalkar levi ke teen beton se leviyon ke teen mukhya dal bane. shabd “levi” kabhi-kabhi poore gotra ke liye kaha gaya hai, magar ismein haaroon ka yaajak parivar shaamil nahin tha. vaada kiye gaye desh mein levi gotra ko virasat mein koi zameen nahin mili, magar baaki gotron ke ilakon mein unhein 48 shehar diye gaye.—vya 10:8; 1it 6:1; ibr 7:11.

• loj:

  bible mein bataye dravya naapne ka sabse chhota maap. yahoodi talmood mein ise heen ka 1/12vaan hissa bataya gaya hai. is hisab se ek loj 0.31 l. ke barbar tha. (lai 14:10)—ati. kha14 dekhein.

• loban:

  bosveliya prajati ke kuch pedon aur jhaadiyon ka gond, jise jalane par meethi khushboo aati hai. pavitra dere aur mandir mein jo pavitra dhoop jalaya jaata tha, use taiyar karne mein loban bhi milaya jaata tha. yah anaj ke chadhave ke saath diya jaata tha aur pavitra bhaag mein nazrane ki rotiyon ke donon dher ke oopar rakha jaata tha.—nir 30:34-36; lai 2:1; 24:7; mat 2:11.

v

• vedi:

  ek chabootra jo mitti ke dher, pattharon, chattan ya dhaatu se madhi lakdi ka bana hota tha. is par upasna ke liye balidan chadhaye jaate the ya dhoop jalaya jaata tha. pavitra dere aur mandir ke pehale kamre mein ek chhoti-si “sone ki vedi” thi jis par dhoop jalaya jaata tha. woh lakdi se bani thi aur us par sona madha tha. hom-baliyon ke liye ek badi-si “tambe ki vedi” baahar aangan mein thi. (nir 27:1; 39:38, 39; ut 8:20; 1ra 6:20; 2it 4:1; lu 1:11)—ati. kha5 aur kha8 dekhein.

• vedi ke sing:

  kuch vediyon ke chaaron konon ka ubhra hua hissa jise sing ka aakaar diya gaya tha. (lai 8:15; 1ra 2:28)—ati. kha5 aur kha8 dekhein.

• veshya:

  iske yoonani shabd porne ka mool arth hai “bechna.” haalanki veshya ke kaam aksar aurtein karti hain, magar bible mein aise aadmiyon ke baare mein bhi bataya gaya hai jo doosre aadmiyon ke saath sambhog karte the. moosa ke kaanoon mein veshya ke kaam ki ninda ki gayi thi. yahova ke pavitra-sthan mein veshyaon ki kamai daan karna mana tha, jabki jhoothe dharmon ke mandiron mein veshya ke kaam karnevalon ko rakha jaata tha kyonki woh kamai ka ek zariya the. (vya 23:17, 18; 1ra 14:24) bible mein aise logon, raashtron aur sangthanon ko bhi laashanik taur par veshya kaha gaya hai, jo parmeshvar ke upasak hone ka daava karne ke saath-saath moortipooja bhi karte the. misal ke liye, duniya mein faile dharmon ki jis vyavastha ko “mahanagri baibilon” kaha gaya hai, use prakashitvakya mein veshya bataya gaya hai kyonki daulat aur taakat ke liye woh duniya ke shaaskon ke peechhe jaati hai.—pra 17:1-5; 18:3; 1it 5:25.

• vyabhichar:

  apne pati ya patni ke bajay kisi paraye ke saath yaun-sambandh rakhna.—nir 20:14; mat 5:27; 19:9.

sh

• shapath:

  koi baat sach hai, yah batane ke liye ya kisi kaam ko karne ya na karne ka vaada karne ke liye shapath khaayi jaati thi. yah ek aisa vaada hai jo aksar kisi bade se kiya jaata hai, khaaskar parmeshvar se. yahova ne abraham se kiye apne karar ko pakka karne ke liye usse shapath khaakaar vaada kiya.—ut 14:22; ibr 6:16, 17.

• shabaat:

  baibilon ki bandhuai se lautnevale yahoodiyon ke pavitra calendar ka 11vaan maheena aur krishi calendar ka 5vaan maheena. yah maheena, janvari ke beech se farvari ke beech tak ka hota tha. (jak 1:7)—ati. kha15 dekhein.

• sharan nagar:

  leviyon ko diye shehar jahaan anjane mein khoon karnevala bhaagkar panah le sakta tha. is tarah woh khoon ka badla lenevale se bach sakta tha. vaada kiye gaye desh mein alag-alag jagahon par 6 sharan nagar the, jinhein yahova ke nirdeshan mein pehale moosa ne aur baad mein yahoshoo ne chuna tha. jab woh aadmi nagar ke faatak par pahunchta, to woh mukhiyaon ko apna maamla batata aur use nagar mein le liya jaata. fir us shehar mein uska mukadma chalta jis shehar mein khoon hua tha taaki woh khud ko nirdosh saabit kar sake. yah mukadma isliye bhi zaroori tha taaki jaanboojhkar khoon karnevale is intazam ka naajayaz faayda na utha sakein. agar woh nirdosh saabit hota to use vaapas sharan nagar bhej diya jaata. vahaan use ya to zindagi-bhar rehna padta ya tab tak jab tak ki mahayajak ki maut nahin ho jaati.—gi 35:6, 11-15, 22-29; yah 20:2-8.

• shaanti-bali:

  woh balidan jo yahova ke saath shaanti kaayam karne ke liye use diya jaata tha. balidan denevala aur uska gharana, balidan chadhanevala yaajak aur mandir mein seva karnevale yaajak, sab milkar us balidan mein se khaate the. jaanvar ki jalayi charbi se jo dhuaan uthta woh maano yahova ko diya jaata tha. jaanvar ka khoon jo jeevan ko darshata hai, woh bhi use arpit kiya jaata tha. yah aisa tha maano yaajak aur upasak sab milkar yahova ke saath khaana khaa rahe hon, jo unke beech shaanti ke rishte ko dikhata tha.—lai 7:29, 32; vya 27:7.

• shaap:

  kisi ko dhamkana ya yah ailan karna ki uske saath ya kisi cheez ke saath bura hoga. iska matlab gaali dena ya gusse mein aakaar bura-bhala kehna nahin tha. shaap aksar sabke saamne diya jaata tha. aur jab parmeshvar ya uska thehraya hua koi jan shaap deta tha, to yah ek bhavishyavani hoti thi jo zaroor poori hoti thi.—ut 12:3; gi 22:12; gal 3:10.

• shastra:

  parmeshvar ne jo vachan likhvaye, unhein shastra kaha jaata hai. yah shabd sirf maseehi yoonani shastra mein aata hai.—lu 24:27; 2ti 3:16.

• shaastri:

  ek nakaal-navees jo ibrani shastra ki nakaal taiyar karta tha. yeeshu ke zamane tak shaastri aise aadmiyon ko kaha jaane laga jinhein moosa ke kaanoon ka achha gyaan tha. woh yeeshu ka virodh karte the.—ej 7:6, foo.; mar 12:38, 39; 14:1.

• sheol:

  ek ibrani shabd, jiska yoonani shabd “hades” hai. iska anuvad “kabraa” kiya gaya hai, yaani ek laashanik jagah jahaan zyadatar insan maut ki nind so jaate hain.—ut 37:35, foo.; bh 16:10, foo.; pre 2:31, foo.

• shuddh:

  bible mein is shabd ka matlab sirf apne shareer ko saaf rakhna nahin hai balki yah bhi ki naitikta aur upasna ke maamlon mein bedag bane rehna ya fir chook hone par vaapas us dasha mein aana. shuddh hone ka yah bhi matlab hai, aisi har cheez se door rehna jo naitik roop se aur parmeshvar ki nazar mein dooshit, ganda ya bhrasht kar sakti hai. moosa ke kaanoon mein “shuddh” hone ka matlab tha, uske niyamon ke mutabik khud ko shuddh karna.—lai 10:10; bh 51:7; mat 8:2; 1ku 6:11.

• shekel:

  bhaar maapne aur mudra ki ek ikai, jise ibri log sabse zyada istemal karte the. iska vazan 11.4 gr. tha. “pavitra-sthan ke shekel” ka zikra shaayad is baat par zor dene ke liye kiya gaya hai ki baat sahi hona chahiye ya pavitra dere mein rakhe baat ke mutabik hona chahiye. purane zamane mein shaayad ek shaahi shekel bhi hota tha (jo aam shekel se alag tha) ya raajmahal mein rakha ek baat hota tha.—nir 30:13.

• sheminith:

  sangeet se juda ek shabd, jiska shaabdik matlab hai “aathvaan” aur yah shaayad neechevale sur ki taraf ishara karta hai. saazon ke maamle mein is shabd ka matlab shaayad aise saaz hain jinse mand swar nikaalte hain. gaanon ke maamle mein, iska matlab shaayad neechevale sur mein gaana aur sangeet bajana hai.—1it 15:21; bh 6:up.; 12:up.

• shaitan:

  ek ibrani shabd jiska matlab hai “virodhi.” bible mein aam taur par yah shabd parmeshvar ke sabse bade dushman shaitan ke liye istemal hua hai. use iblees bhi kaha gaya hai.—ay 1:6; mat 4:10; pra 12:9.

• shokgeet:

  dukh-bhari kavita ya geet. yah kisi dost ya azeez ki maut par gehra dukh ya shok prakat karne ke liye racha jaata tha. ise vilapgeet bhi kehte hain.—2sh 1:17; bh 7:up.

s

• sa-aa:

  ek sookha maap. agar is maap ki koi bhi cheez dravya maap bat ke bartan mein daali jaaye to woh 7.33 l. ke barbar hota. (2ra 7:1)—ati. kha14 dekhein.

• sachcha parmeshvar:

  haa-ilohim aur haa-el, in do ibrani shabdon ka anuvad “sachcha parmeshvar” kiya gaya hai. kai aayton mein in shabdon ka istemal yah dikhane ke liye kiya gaya hai ki yahova jhoothe devtaon se alag hai, sirf vahi sachcha parmeshvar hai. un aayton mein yah anuvad “sachcha parmeshvar” ibrani shabdon ka poora-poora matlab deta hai.—ut 5:22, 24; 46:3; vya 4:39.

• sadooki:

  yahoodi dharm ka ek jaana-maana dhaarmik gut, jo unche khaandan ke ameer aadmiyon aur yaajkon se milkar bana tha. mandir mein honevale kaamon par unka bahot zor chalta tha. woh zabani taur par diye kaanoon thukrate the jinka paalan fareesi karte the. yahi nahin, woh fareesiyon ki shikshayen bhi thukrate the. woh na to mare huon ke zinda kiye jaane par aur na hi swargdooton ke vajood par vishvas karte the. woh yeeshu ka virodh karte the.—mat 16:1; pre 23:8.

• sabt:

  yah ek ibrani shabd se nikala hai jiska matlab hai “vishram karna; rukna.” yah yahoodiyon ke hafte ka saatvaan din hai (yaani shukravar ke sooraj dhalne se lekar shanivar ke sooraj dhalne tak). saal mein tyohar ke kuch dinon ko aur 7vein aur 50vein saalon ko bhi sabt kaha jaata tha. sabt ke din koi bhi kaam nahin kiya jaana tha, sirf pavitra-sthan mein yaajkon ko seva karne ki ijazat thi. sabt ke saalon ke dauran kheton mein koi jutai-boaaee nahin ki jaani thi aur na hi kisi ibri bhaai ko karz lautane ke liye majboor kiya jaana tha. moosa ke kaanoon mein sabt ke liye jo paabandiyaan batayi gayi thi unhein maanna mushkil nahin tha. magar dharm guruon ne dheere-dheere unmein bahot-se niyam jod diye aur yeeshu ke zamane tak inhein maanna logon ke liye mushkil ho gaya.—nir 20:8; lai 25:4; lu 13:14-16; kul 2:16.

• sabha-ghar:

  iske yoonani shabd ka matlab hai “ikattha karna; sabha.” magar zyadatar aayton mein iska matlab hai woh imarat ya jagah jahaan yahoodi ikattha hote the aur jahaan shastra padha jaata tha, hidaytein di jaati thi, prachar hota tha aur prarthna ki jaati thi. yeeshu ke dinon mein israel ke har kasbe mein ek sabha-ghar hota tha aur bade-bade shehron mein ek-se-zyada sabha-ghar hote the.—lu 4:16; pre 13:14, 15.

• samarpan ka tyohar:

  har saal yah tyohar mandir ke shuddh kiye jaane ki yaad mein manaya jaata tha, jise enteeokas epifenas ne apavitra kar diya tha. yah tyohar kislev 25 ko shuroo hota tha aur aath din tak chalta tha.—yu 10:22.

• samarpan ki pavitra nishani:

  shuddh sone ki ek chamchamati patti jis par ibrani mein ye shabd khodkar likhe the: “yahova pavitra hai.” yah patti mahayajak ki pagdi par saamne ki taraf bandhi hoti thi. (nir 39:30)—ati. kha5 dekhein.

• samrat ka angrakshak dal:

  romi sainikon ka ek dal jo rom ke samrat ki suraksha ke liye thehraya gaya tha. baad mein yah dal itna taakatvar ho gaya ki woh chahe to samrat ka saath de sakta tha ya uska takhta palat sakta tha.—fi 1:13.

• sarkanda:

  narkat jaisa paudha jo nadi-taalab mein paaya jaata hai. isse tokriyaan, petiyaan aur naav banaye jaate the. isse kaagaz jaisi cheez bhi banayi jaati thi jis par likha jaata tha. kai kharre isi se bane hote the.—nir 2:3.

• sahayak sevak:

  iska yoonani shabd deeakonos hai jiska anuvad aksar “sevak” kiya jaata hai. “sahayak sevak” woh hota hai jo mandli mein pracheenon ke nikay ki madad karta hai. is zimmedari ke kaabil banne ke liye use bible mein di maangein poori karni chahiye.—1ti 3:8-10, 12.

• saamriya:

  kareeb 200 saalon tak uttar mein israel ke das gotronvale raajya ki raajdhani. us raajya ke poore ilake ko bhi saamriya kaha jaata tha. yah raajdhani jis pahad par basi thi uska naam bhi yahi tha. yeeshu ke zamane mein saamriya ek romi praant ka naam tha jiske uttar mein galeel tha aur dakshin mein yahoodiya. yeeshu ne is praant mein prachar seva nahin ki magar jab woh kabhi-kabhar vahaan se guzra to usne logon ko gavahi di. jab patras ne doosri chaabi ka istemal kiya tab saamri logon ko pavitra shakti mili. (1ra 16:24; yu 4:7; pre 8:14)—ati. kha10 dekhein.

• saamri log:

  pehale un israeliyon ko saamri kaha jaata tha jo uttar mein israel ke das gotronvale raajya mein rehte the. magar jab ee.poo. 740 mein ashshooriyon ne saamriya par kabza kiya to woh kai pardesiyon ko vahaan le aaye aur ye log bhi saamri kehlaye. yeeshu ke dinon mein saamri log, kisi jaati ya raashtra ke logon ko nahin kaha jaata tha balki us dhaarmik gut ko kaha jaata tha, jiske log pracheen shekem aur saamriya ke aas-paas ke ilakon mein rehte the. is gut ke logon ki kuch shikshayen yahoodi dharm ki shikshaon se bilkul alag thi.—yu 8:48.

• saarap:

  swarg mein yahova ki raajgaddi ke chaaron taraf khade swargdoot. iske ibrani shabd sarafeem ka shaabdik matlab hai “dhadhaknevale.”—yash 6:2, 6.

• siyyon; siyyon pahad:

  yaboosiyon ke gadhvale shehar yaboos ka doosra naam. yah shehar yarooshalem ki dakshin-poorvi pahadi par basa tha. us par kabza karne ke baad daavid ne vahaan apna mahal banvaya aur us shehar ka naam “daavidpur” rakha gaya. (2sh 5:7, 9) jab daavid karar ka sandook vahaan laaya to siyyon pahad yahova ki nazar mein pavitra thehra. aage chalkar is shehar ke saath-saath moriya pahad par bane mandir ka ilaka bhi siyyon kehlaya. kai baar to poore yarooshalem shehar ko siyyon kaha jaata tha. maseehi yoonani shastra mein iska zikra aksar laashanik taur par kiya gaya hai.—bh 2:6; 1pa 2:6; pra 14:1.

• silkhadee:

  misra mein albastron naam ki jagah ke paas paaya jaanevala patthar. isse itra ki chhoti-chhoti botalein banti thi jinki gardan patli hoti thi. inhein achhi tarah band karke rakha jaata tha taaki keemti itra ud na jaaye.—mar 14:3.

• sing:

  inhein peene ke bartan, tel rakhne ke bartan, davaat, singar ki cheezen rakhne ke paatra ke taur par istemal kiya jaata tha. inse saaz aur narsinge bhi banaye jaate the. (1sh 16:1, 13; 1ra 1:39; yahe 9:2) “sing” ko aksar taakat aur jeet ki nishani bataya gaya hai.—vya 33:17; mi 4:13; jak 1:19.

• seenaband:

  anmol ratnon se jadi thaili jise israel ka mahayajak har baar pavitra bhaag mein jaane se pehale apne seene par baandhta tha. ise “nyay ka seenaband” kaha jaata tha kyonki ismein ooreem aur tummeem hote the, jinse yahova ke faisle pata chalte the. (nir 28:15-30)—ati. kha5 dekhein.

• seeriya; seeriyai log.—

  araam; araami dekhein.

• sivan:

  baibilon ki bandhuai se lautnevale yahoodiyon ke pavitra calendar ka teesra maheena aur krishi calendar ka 9vaan maheena. yah maheena, mai ke beech se joon ke beech tak ka hota tha. (es 8:9)—ati. kha15 dekhein.

• subah ka taara.—

  din ka taara dekhein.

• surtis:

  uttar afreeka mein libiya ke tat ke paas uthle paani ki do badi khaadiyaan. purane zamane mein naavik is jagah se darte the kyonki yahaan paani ke neeche ret ke daldal hote the jo lehron ke utaar -chadhav se khisakte rehte the. (pre 27:17)—ati. kha13 dekhein.

• sulemani patthar:

  ek anmol ratna jo alag-alag rangon ka hota hai (kaala, bhoora, laal, saleti ya hara) aur beech-beech mein safed partein hoti hain. yah ratna mahayajak ki khaas poshak par jada hota tha.—nir 28:9, 12; 1it 29:2; ay 28:16.

• sulaiman ka khambhonvala baramda:

  yeeshu ke zamane mein mandir ke baahri aangan ke poorab mein ek chhatvala galiyara. maana jaata tha ki yah sulaiman ke mandir ka bacha hua hissa tha. yahin par yeeshu ‘sardiyon ke mausam’ mein tahalta tha aur shuroo ke maseehi upasna ke liye ikattha hote the. (yu 10:22, 23; pre 5:12)—ati. kha11 dekhein.

• soobedar:

  baibilon aur faaras saamrajyon mein ek praant ka raajyapal. soobedar mukhya shaasak hota tha jise raja chunta tha.—ej 8:36; daan 6:1.

• sela:

  ek takneeki shabd jo sangeet se ya kavita sunane se juda hai aur jo bhajnon ki kitab aur habakkook mein paaya jaata hai. iska matlab hai gaane ya sangeet mein, ya fir donon mein thehrav dena taaki chupchap manan kiya jaa sake ya jo bhaavna zahir ki gayi hai us par dhyan diya jaa sake. yoonani septuagint mein ise daaesama kaha jaata hai jiska matlab hai gaane ko rokkar sirf sangeet bajne dena.—bh 3:4; hab 3:3.

• stoiki daarshanik:

  yoonani daarshanikon ka ek dal jo maanta tha ki ek insan ko zindagi mein khushi tabhi mil sakti hai jab woh samajh se kaam le aur kudrat ke usoolon par chale. unki nazar mein ek insan tabhi buddhiman maana jaata tha jab use sukh-dukh se koi fark nahin padta.—pre 17:18.

• smarak kabraa:

  ek aisi kabraa jahaan insan ki laash rakhi jaati thi. iska yoonani shabd neemeeon hai jo kriya “yaad dilane” se nikala hai. isse pata chalta hai ki mare huye log ab bhi yaadon mein base hain.—yu 5:28, 29.

• swarg ki raani:

  ek devi ki upadhi. ise yirmayah ke dinon mein woh israeli poojte the jo sachchi upasna se mukar gaye the. kuch logon ka maanna hai ki yah baibilon ki devi ishtar (astarte) thi. pracheen soomer sabhyata mein usi ke jaisi ek devi inana ko pooja jaata tha jiske naam ka matlab “swarg ki raani” tha. swarg ki devi hone ke alava woh ek prajnan devi bhi thi. misra ke ek shilalekh mein astarte ko “swarg ki malika” bhi kaha gaya hai.—yir 44:19.

• swargdoot:

  iska ibrani shabd malakh hai aur yoonani shabd egeelos. donon shabdon ka shaabdik matlab hai “doot.” lekin jab swarg se aaye dooton ki baat ki gayi hai to unhein “swargdoot” kaha gaya hai. (ut 16:7; 32:3; yak 2:25; pra 22:8) swargdoot shaktishali adrishya prani hain jinhein parmeshvar ne insanon ki srishti se bahot pehale racha tha. unhein bible mein “laakhon pavitra swargdoot,” “parmeshvar ke bete” aur “bhor ke taare” kaha gaya hai. (vya 33:2; ay 1:6; 38:7) unhein bachche paida karke apni ginti badhane ki kaabilyat ke saath nahin banaya gaya tha balki har swargdoot ki srishti ki gayi thi. unki ginti karodon mein hai. (daan 7:10) bible batati hai ki har swargdoot ka ek naam aur ek alag shakhsiyat hai. fir bhi woh namra hain aur jab insanon ne unki upasna karni chahi to unhonne mana kar diya. kaiyon ne to apna naam tak batane se inkar kar diya. (ut 32:29; lu 1:26; pra 22:8, 9) unka alag-alag ohda hai aur unhein tarah-tarah ke kaam diye jaate hain. jaise, yahova ki raajgaddi ke saamne seva karna, uske sandesh pahunchna, dharti par uske sevkon ki madad karna, uski taraf se saza dena aur khushkhabri sunane ke kaam mein saath dena. (2ra 19:35; bh 34:7; lu 1:30, 31; pra 5:11; 14:6) aanevale har-magidon ke yuddh mein woh yeeshu ke saath milkar ladeinge.—pra 19:14, 15.

h

• har-magidon:

  yah ibrani shabd har maghiddon se liya gaya hai jiska matlab hai, “magiddo pahad.” yah shabd “sarvashaktiman parmeshvar ke mahan din ke yuddh” se juda hai, jismein ‘saare jagat ke raja’ yahova se yuddh karne ke liye ikattha honge. (pra 16:14, 16; 19:11-21)—maha-sankat dekhein.

• haath:

  lambai aur doori naapne ka maap. ek haath ka matlab hota tha, kohni se lekar beechvali ungli ke chhor tak ki lambai. aam taur par israeli 44.5 c.m. (17.5 inch) ko ek haath maante the. magar woh lambe haath ka maap bhi istemal karte the jo chaar angul zyada lamba hota tha, kareeb 51.8 c.m. (20.4 inch). (ut 6:15; lu 12:25, foo.)—ati. kha14 dekhein.

• haath rakhna:

  ek insan par haath rakhne ka matlab hota tha ki use kisi khaas kaam ke liye chunna, aasheervad dena, changa karna ya pavitra shakti ka koi vardan dena. kabhi-kabhi jaanvaron ki bali chadhane se pehale un par bhi haath rakha jaata tha.—nir 29:15; gi 27:18; pre 19:6; 1ti 5:22.

• haaroon ke bete:

  levi ke pote haaroon ke vanshaj. moosa ka kaanoon milne ke baad haaroon ko sabse pehala mahayajak chuna gaya tha. haaroon ke bete, pavitra dere aur mandir mein yaajkon ke naate seva karte the.—1it 23:28.

• higgayon:

  sangeet nirdeshan ka ek takneeki shabd. bhajan 9:16 mein iska jis tarah istemal hua hai usse pata chalta hai ki bhajan ko beech mein rokkar surmandal par ek gehri aur gambheer dhun bajayi jaati thi. ya fir manan ke liye thehrav diya jaata tha.

• hirmes:

  ek yoonani devta jo zeus ka beta tha. maana jaata tha ki woh devtaon ka doot hai aur baat karne mein nipun hai. isliye lustra ke log galti se paulus ko hirmes samajh baithe the.—pre 14:12.

• hilaya jaanevala chadhava:

  aisa chadhava jo parmeshvar ka upasak apne haathon par liye rehta tha aur yaajak uske haathon ke neeche apne haath rakhkar aage-peechhe hilata tha. ya fir yaajak woh chadhava lekar use aage-peechhe hilata tha. aisa karna, yahova ko chadhava pesh karne jaisa tha.—lai 7:30.

• heen:

  ek dravya maap aur use naapne ka bartan. yah 3.67 l. ke barbar tha. (nir 29:40)—ati. kha14 dekhein.

• hades:

  ek yoonani shabd, jiska ibrani shabd “sheol” hai. iska anuvad “kabraa” kiya gaya hai, yaani ek laashanik jagah jahaan zyadatar insan maut ki nind so jaate hain.—kabraa dekhein.

• herodes:

  ek shaahi khaandan ka naam, jise rom ne yahoodiyon par raaj karne ke liye thehraya tha. herodes mahan is baat ke liye jaana jaata tha ki usne yarooshalem ka mandir dobara banvaya tha aur yeeshu ko maarne ke liye chhote bachchon ka katla karne ka hukm diya tha. (mat 2:16; lu 1:5) uske beton herodes arkhilaus aur herodes antipas ko uski riyasat ke alag-alag hisson par adhikar diya gaya. (mat 2:22) antipas zila-shaasak tha magar woh “raja” ke taur par jaana jaata tha. usne yeeshu ki saadhe teen saal ki seva ke dauran aur preshiton adhyay 12 mein darz ghatnaon ke hone tak raaj kiya tha. (mar 6:14-17; lu 3:1, 19, 20; 13:31, 32; 23:6-15; pre 4:27; 13:1) iske baad herodes mahan ke pote, herodes agrippa pratham ne raaj kiya. kuch hi samay baad parmeshvar ke swargdoot ne use maar daala. (pre 12:1-6, 18-23) uska beta herodes agrippa dviteeya shaasak bana aur usne us samay tak raaj kiya jab yahoodiyon ne rom se bagavat ki.—pre 23:35; 25:13, 22-27; 26:1, 2, 19-32.

• herodes ke gut ke log:

  woh herodiyon ke naam se bhi jaane jaate the. desh-bhakton ka aisa dal jisne romi sarkar ke adheen raaj karnevale alag-alag herodes ke raajnaitik lakshyon ka samarthan kiya. kuch sadooki bhi shaayad isi gut mein the. yeeshu ka virodh karne ke liye herodiyon ne fareesiyon ka saath diya.—mar 3:6.

• hom-bali:

  parmeshvar ko diya jaanevala chadhava jismein poora-ka-poora jaanvar vedi par rakhkar jalaya jaata tha. jaanvar (bail, medhe, bakre, faakhte ya kabootar ke bachche) ka koi bhi hissa balidan denevala apne paas nahin rakhta tha.—nir 29:18; lai 6:9.

• homer:

  ek sookha maap jo kor ke barbar tha. bat ke mutabik taula gaya yah maap 220 l. ke barbar tha. (lai 27:16)—ati. kha14 dekhein.

• horeb; horeb pahad:

  horeb, seenai pahad ke aas-paas ka pahadi ilaka tha. horeb pahad, seenai pahad ka doosra naam tha. (nir 3:1; vya 5:2)—ati. kha3 dekhein.