Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ Ebree Masɩ taa

Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ wɛ tam ɛzɩ 7 000 mbʋ yɔ Ebree Masɩ taa, nɛ Ebree abalɩmasɩ 4 sɩnɛ pamanɩ-ɖɩ: יהוה. Bibl kʋnɛ kɩɖɛzɩ masɩ nzɩ sɩ-naanza se «Yehowa.» Hɩla wena awɛ Bibl taa yɔ a-taa lɛ, hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkɩlɩnɩ tɔyʋʋ. Paa Bibl mayaa mba Ɛsɔ fezuu ɖɩyaa yɔ, paya Ɛsɔ nɛ hɩla kɩsɛsɛna nɛ hɩla wena pɛɖɛyɩɣnɩ-ɩ yɔ ɛzɩ «Ðoŋ Tɩŋa Tʋ,» «Kɩlɩm» nɛ «Kɩbaɣlʋ» yɔ, abalɩmasɩ nzɩ, sɩ-naanza ɖeke palabɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ nɛ payaanɩ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ maɣmaɣ.

Yehowa Ɛsɔ maɣmaɣ heyi Bibl mayaa se palabɩnɩ ɛ-hɩɖɛ tʋmɩyɛ. Kɩɖaʋ nakʋyʋ yɔ: E-fezuu ɖiyi nayʋ Yowɛɛlɩ nɛ ɛma se: «Weyi ɛyaɣ Yehowa hɩɖɛ yɔ, pakaɣ ɛ-ñʋʋ yabʋ.» (Yowɛɛlɩ 2:32) Nɛ Ɛsɔ yeba nɛ keɣa maɖʋ nɔɔyʋ ma se: «Ɛyaa ɩtɩlɩ se ña weyi ña-hɩɖɛ lɛ Yehowa yɔ, ñe-ɖeke ñɛkɛnɩ Kɩlɩm tɛtʋ kpeekpe yɔɔ.» (Keɣa 83:18) Toovenim taa lɛ, Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ wɛ tam ɛzɩ 700 mbʋ yɔ Keɣsi takayaɣ taa ɖeke—takayaɣ ŋga ka-taa tɔm kɛ hendu, nɛ paama-tʋ se Ɛsɔ samaɣ ɛpɩzɩ nɛ ketee-tʋ nɛ kapʋlʋtɩ-tʋ. Ye mbʋ, ɛbɛ yɔɔ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ fɛyɩ Biblwaa sakɩyɛ taa? Ɛbɛ yɔɔ Bibl kʋnɛ kɩlabɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ hɩɖɛ «Yehowa»? Nɛ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ Yehowa tɔbʋʋ lɛ suwe?

Ɛbɛ yɔɔ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩfɛyɩ Biblwaa sakɩyɛ taa? Lɩmaɣza ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ. Nabɛyɛ maɣzɩɣ se pɩtɩcɛyɩ se Ɛsɔ Ðoŋ Tɩŋa Tʋ ɛwɛɛnɩ hɩɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ payaɣ-ɩ nɛ ɖɩ. Lalaa lɛ, pɩwɛ ɛzɩ Yuuda mba sɔnzɩ nzɩ sɩtɔŋ se pataalabɩnɩ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ tʋmɩyɛ yɔ, sɩwɛnɩ ɖoŋ pɔ-yɔɔ yɔ; pɩtɩla yɔ sɔɔndʋ kpaɣ-wɛ se pataapisi-ɖɩ. Lalaa ɖɔɖɔ lɛ, pamaɣzɩɣ se ɛzɩma nɔɔyʋ ɛɛsɩŋ ɛzɩma ɖeyi ɖeyi payaɣaɣ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ yɔ pʋyɔɔ lɛ, pɩkɩlɩɣ ɖeu se palabɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ hɩla kɩsɛsɛna ɛzɩ «Kɩbaɣlʋ» yaa «Ɛsɔ» yɔ. Ɛlɛ tɔm ndʋ tɩkɔŋ yɔ, tɩwɩlɩɣ se pa-lɩmaɣza ana atɩtʋʋzɩ:

• Mba pɔyɔɔdʋʋ se pɩtɩcɛyɩ se Ɛsɔ Ðoŋ Tɩŋa Tʋ ɛwɛɛnɩ hɩɖɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ payaa-ɩ nɛ ɖɩ yɔ, pɔsɔ toovenim tɔm natʋyʋ yɔɔ, ndʋ lɛ se Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ kaawɛ Ɛsɔtɔm takayɩsɩ nzɩ sɩɩwɛ ɖooo kiɖe tɛɛ yɔ sɩ-taa, pɩkpɛndɩnɩ nzɩ paañɔɔzɩ-sɩ nɛ pasɩɩ pʋcɔ nɛ pɩtalɩɣ Yesu alɩwaatʋ taa yɔ. Ɛzɩ ɖɩyɔɔdʋʋ nɛ pɩɖɛɛ yɔ, Ɛsɔ kaayeba nɛ pama ɛ-hɩɖɛ ɛ-Tɔm taa nɛ pɩtalɩ tam ɛzɩ 7 000 mbʋ yɔ. Pɩwɩlɩɣ kpayɩ kpayɩ se ɛsɔɔlaa se ɖɩtɩlɩ ɛ-hɩɖɛ nɛ ɖɩlabɩnɩ-ɖɩ tʋmɩyɛ.

• Tɔm ɖɛzɩyaa mba Yuuda mba sɔnzɩ yɔɔ lɛ palɩzɩɣ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ Bibl taa yɔ, pɔsɔʋ tɔm kɩcɛyɩtʋ natʋyʋ yɔɔ. Paa Yuuda mba takayɩsɩ mayaa nabɛyɛ ikizaa se paayaɣ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ yɔ, patɩlɩzɩ-ɖɩ Bibl takayɩsɩ nzɩ pamawa yɔ sɩ-taa. Hɩɖɛ nɖɩ, ɖɩwɛ takayɩsɩ kikpiyisi kɩbɩnzɩ nzɩ palɩ sɩ-yɔɔ Kumran, Teŋgu Kɩsɩbʋʋ cɔlɔ yɔ sɩ-taa hɔɔlɩŋ sakɩyɛ taa. Bibl ɖɛzɩyaa nabɛyɛ lɛɣzɩ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ nɛ hɩɖɛ kɩsɛsɛyɛ «KƖBAƔLƲ» nɛ masɩ sɔsɔsɩ se pawɩlɩ se kiɖe tɛɛ lɛ, Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ maɣmaɣ kaawɛnɩ peeɖe. Ɛlɛ tɔm pɔzʋʋ lɛ se, ɛbɛ yɔɔ tɔm ɖɛzɩyaa mba, paɖʋ pa-taa nɛ pɛlɛɣzɩ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ yaa palɩzɩ-ɖɩ Bibl taa, ŋgʋ panawa se ɖɩɩwɛ Bibl taa tam kudokiŋ sakɩyɛ? Pamaɣzɩɣ se aha-wɛ nʋmɔʋ se pala lɛɣzɩtʋ ndʋ? Pe-ɖeke pasɩmna.

• Mba pɔyɔɔdʋʋ se pɩtɩpɔzɩ se palabɩnɩ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ tʋmɩyɛ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ paasɩŋ ɛzɩma ɖeyi ɖeyi payaɣaɣ-ɖɩ yɔ, palakɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ Yesu hɩɖɛ faaa. Ɛlɛ ɛzɩma kajalaɣ pɩnzɩ mɩnʋʋ taa Yesu tɔmkpɛlɩkɩyaa yaɣaɣ ɛ-hɩɖɛ yɔ, pɩwɛ ndɩ kpem nɛ ɛzɩma Krɩstʋ mba sakɩyɛ yaɣ-ɖɩ sɔnɔ yɔ. Yuuda ñɩma mba pɛkɛ Krɩstʋ mba yɔ, pʋtɔma yɔ payaɣaɣ Yesu hɩɖɛ se Yesuwa. Nɛ payaɣaɣ hɩɖɛ kɩsɛsɛyɛ «Krɩstʋ» se Masiya yaa «Mesiya.» Krɩstʋ ñɩma mba pɔyɔɔdʋʋ Grɛɛkɩ kʋnʋŋ yɔ, payaɣaɣ-ɩ se Iyesuusi Kristos nɛ Krɩstʋ ñɩma mba pɔyɔɔdʋʋ Laatɛɛ kʋnʋŋ yɔ, payaɣaɣ-ɩ se Iyesus Kristus. Fezuu kiɖeɖeu ɖoŋ taa lɛ, pama ɛzɩma payaɣaɣ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ Grɛɛkɩ kʋnʋŋ taa yɔ Bibl taa, nɛ pɩwɩlɩɣ se kajalaɣ pɩnzɩ mɩnʋʋ taa Krɩstʋ mba lakaɣnɩ ɛ-hɩɖɛ tʋmɩyɛ ɛzɩ pamaʋ-ɖɩ pa-kʋnʋŋ taa yɔ. Mbʋ ɖɔɖɔ Ɛjaɖɛ kɩfaɖɛ Bibl ɖɛzʋʋ kɔɔmiite maɣzɩɣ se pɩmʋnaa se palabɩnɩ hɩɖɛ «Yehowa» tʋmɩyɛ paa pɩwɛ ɛzɩ pɩtɩkɛ mbʋ ɖeyi ɖeyi payaɣaɣ-ɖɩ Ebree kʋnʋŋ kɩbɩnʋʋ taa yɔ.

Ɛbɛ yɔɔ Ɛjaɖɛ kɩfaɖɛ tɔm ɖɛzʋʋ labɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ hɩɖɛ «Yehowa»? Kabɩyɛ taa lɛ, abalɩmasɩ YHWH pɛɖɛzɩɣnɩ Ebree abalɩmasɩ 4 sɩnɛ יהוה. Pataalakɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ halɩmasɩ Ebree kʋnʋŋ kɩbɩnʋʋ maʋ taa, pʋyɔɔ lɛ halɩmasɩ taawɛɛ abalɩmasɩ 4 nzɩ paamanɩ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ yɔ sɩ-taa. Kalɩyaa kaakalɩɣ Ebree kʋnʋŋ kɩbɩnʋʋ lɛ, pa-maɣmaɣ posokaɣ halɩmasɩ nzɩ pɩpɔzʋʋ yɔ kɛlɛʋ yem.

Pɛtɛm Ebree Masɩ maʋ nɛ pɩla pɩnzɩ 1 000 mbʋ yɔ lɛ, Yuuda lɔŋsɩnɖaa paɣzɩ labɩnʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ tɔm pee yaʋ lɛɣtʋ natʋyʋ (yaa yʋsasɩ nasɩyɩ) nɛ tɩsɩɣna se ɛyʋ ɛtɩlɩ halɩmasɩ nzɩ pɩwɛɛ se esoki alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛkalɩɣ Ebree tɔm yɔ. Paa mbʋ yɔ, alɩwaatʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa, lɩmaɣza naayɛ yɔɔ lɛ, Yuuda mba sakɩyɛ maɣzaɣ se pɩtɩmʋna se ɛyʋ ɛyaa Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ ɖoŋ; pʋyɔɔ palakaɣnɩ tʋmɩyɛ tɔm pee lɛɛna Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ lone taa. Pʋyɔɔ lɛ, pɩwɛ ɛzɩ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ paɖaɣnaɣ maʋ abalɩmasɩ nzɩ yɔ, tɔm pee wena pɛlɛɣzɩnɩ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ yɔ, a-taa halɩmasɩ posokaɣ abalɩmasɩ 4 nzɩ sɩsɩŋnɩ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ yɔ sɩ-taa nɛ pamaɣ. Mbʋ yebina nɛ caanaʋ taa takayɩsɩ nzɩ sɩ-taa palabɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ tɔm pee yaʋ lɛɣtʋ ndʋ nɛ pɔsɔzɩ halɩmasɩ yɔ, sɩɩsɩɣna se ɛyʋ ɛtɩlɩ ɛzɩma payaɣaɣ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ Ebree kʋnʋŋ taa kiɖe tɛɛ yɔ. Nabɛyɛ maɣzɩɣ se payaɣaɣ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ se «Yahve,» lalaa ñamaɣzɩɣ yatʋ ndɩ ndɩ lɛɛtʋ yɔɔ. Pana takayaɣ kikpiyaɣ nakɛyɛ Teŋgu Kɩsɩbʋʋ taa, pɛɖɛzɩ Levitiki hɔɔlʋʋ nakʋyʋ Grɛɛkɩ taa ka-taa, nɛ ka-taa lɛ pɛɖɛzɩ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ se Iao. Pɩtasɩnɩ yatʋ ndʋ lɛ, caanaʋ taa Grɛɛkɩ mayaa maɣzɩɣ se papɩzɩɣ nɛ payaa hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɔɖɔ se Iae, Iabe nɛ Iaoue. Ɛlɛ pɩtɩmʋna se ɖɩmaɣzɩ se ɛzʋnɔ yaa ɛzʋnɔ payaɣaɣ-ɖɩ kokoko. Tobi lɛ, ɖɩɩsɩŋ ɛzɩma caanaʋ taa Ɛsɔ sɛyaa yaɣaɣ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ Ebree taa yɔ. (Kiɖe Tɛɛ Tɔm 13:4; Ejipiti Lɩʋ 3:15) Ndʋ ɖɩsɩma yɔ lɛ se Ɛsɔ labɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ ɛ-hɩɖɛ tam sakɩyɛ alɩwaatʋ ndʋ ɛyɔɔdaɣnɩ ɛ-sɛyaa yɔ; ɛ-sɛyaa yaɣaɣ-ɩ nɛ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ nɛ palakaɣnɩ-ɖɩ tʋmɩyɛ faaa alɩwaatʋ ndʋ pɔyɔɔdaɣnɩ lalaa yɔ.—Ejipiti Lɩʋ 6:2; 1 Awiya 8:23; Keɣa 99:9.

Ye mbʋ, ɛbɛ yɔɔ ɖɩkpaɣ lɩmaɣza se ɖɩmaɣ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ Bibl kʋnɛ kɩ-taa se «Yehowa»? Mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ kʋnʋmɩŋ sakɩyɛ paɣzɩ labɩnʋʋ tʋmɩyɛ hɩɖɛ nɖɩ pɩtɩkɛ sɔnɔ.

Kɩɖaʋ nakʋyʋ yɔ: Bibl taa takayɩsɩ 5 kajalaɣ ñɩnzɩ nzɩ payaɣ-sɩ se Pentateuque nɛ William Tyndale ɖɛzɩ-sɩ Aŋglɛɛ kʋnʋŋ taa yɔ, sɩ-taa pana Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ kajalaɣ ɖeɖe pɩnaɣ 1530 taa Aŋglɛɛ Bibl taa. Kɩ-taa lɛ ɛlabɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ hɩɖɛ «Iehouah.» Alɩwaatʋ wɛɛ nɛ tɩɖɛɣ lɛ, Aŋglɛɛ kʋnʋŋ wɛɛ nɛ kɩlɛɣzɩɣ nɛ ɛzɩma pamaɣaɣ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ yɔ pɩwɛɛ nɛ pɩlɛɣzɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ. Kɩɖaʋ nakʋyʋ yɔ: Pɩnaɣ 1612 taa, Henry Ainsworth ɖɛzaɣ Keɣsi takayaɣ lɛ, ɛlabɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ hɩɖɛ «Iehovah.» Pʋwayɩ pɩnaɣ 1639 taa, palabɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ hɩɖɛ «Jehovah» alɩwaatʋ ndʋ paɖaɣnɩ ñɔɔzʋʋ takayaɣ ŋga ɛɖɛzaa yɔ ka-taa tɔm nɛ pɛkpɛndɩ ka nɛ takayɩsɩ nzɩ payaɣ se Pentateuque yɔ nɛ palɩzɩ yɔ. Pɩnaɣ 1901 taa, tɔm ɖɛzɩyaa mba pɛɖɛzɩ Bibl ŋgʋ payaɣ se American Standard Version yɔ, palabɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ hɩɖɛ «Jehovah» lona wena a-taa Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ kaawɛ Ebree kʋnʋŋ taa yɔ.

Pɩnaɣ 1911 taa lɛ, Joseph Bryant Rotherham weyi ɛkɛ Bibl taa tazɩyʋ weyi ɛyaa ñaŋɩ-ɩ yɔ, ɛma takayaɣ nakɛyɛ nɛ payaɣ-kɛ se Keɣsi takayaɣ taa tazʋʋ (Aŋglɛɛ taa lɛ Studies in the Psalms). Ɛyɔɔdaɣ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ ɛlabɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ hɩɖɛ «Jehovah» ɛlɛ pɩtɩkɛ «Yahweh» yɔ pɩ-tɔm lɛ, ɛlɩzɩ pɩ-taa se ɛnʋ sɔɔlaa se ɛlabɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ «hɩɖɛ nɖɩ Bibl kalɩyaa kɩlɩ sɩm (nɛ petisiɣ ɖɩ-yɔɔ ɖɔɖɔ) yɔ.» Pɩnaɣ 1930 taa, lɩmaɣzɩyɛ kʋɖʋmɖɩyɛ nɖɩ Bibl taa tazɩyʋ A. F. Kirkpatrick kaawɛnɩ hɩɖɛ «Jehovah» tʋmɩyɛ labɩnʋʋ yɔɔ. Ɛyɔɔdaa se: «Ða-alɩwaatʋ taa kʋnʋmɩŋ maʋ paɣtʋ sɩnɖaa ñɩkɩɣ niye se pɩwɛɛ se pakalɩ-ɖɩ se Yahveh yaa Yahaveh; ɛlɛ pɩwɛ ɛzɩ JEHOVAH kam lila camɩyɛ Aŋglɛɛ kʋnʋŋ taa yɔ, nɛ pɩtɩkɛ ɛzɩma payaɣ-ɖɩ yɔ pɩ-tɔm kɩlɩnɩ cɛyʋʋ, ɛlɛ mbʋ pɩ-tɔm kɩlɩ cɛyʋʋ yɔ lɛ se patɩlɩ se nɔɔyʋ hɩɖɛ pɩkɛnaa, nɛ pɩtɩkɛ hɩɖɛ kɩsɛsɛyɛ naɖɩyɛ yem ɛzɩ “Kɩbaɣlʋ” yɔ.»

Hɩɖɛ Yehowa tɔbʋʋ lɛ suwe? Ebree taa lɛ, lakaɣ ŋga ka-taa Yehowa hɩɖɛ lɩnaa yɔ, kɔ-tɔbʋʋ lɛ «pɩsʋʋ,» nɛ lɔŋsɩnɖaa sakɩyɛ maɣzɩɣ se ɖɩlabɩ nɔɔ kʋɖʋmaɣ nɛ Ebree lakaɣ ŋga kɔ-tɔbʋʋ nɩʋ, kawɩlɩɣ mbʋ pɩ-cɔlɔ nabʋyʋ lɩnaa yɔ. Pʋyɔɔ lɛ, Ɛjaɖɛ kɩfaɖɛ Bibl ɖɛzʋʋ kɔɔmiite nɩ pɩ-taa se Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ tɔbʋʋ lɛ se «Eyeki nɛ pɩpɩsɩɣ» yaa «Eyeki nɛ pɩlakɩ.» Lɔŋsɩnɖaa lɩmaɣza wɛ ndɩ ndɩ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ tɔbʋʋ nɩʋ yɔɔ, pʋyɔɔ lɛ ɖɩɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ ɖɩyɔɔdɩ se paa pɩɩkpawa nɛ pitii yɔ ɖɩ-tɔbʋʋ nɩʋ lɛ. Paa mbʋ yɔ, hɩɖɛ nɖɩ ɖɩ-tɔbʋʋ nɩʋ pʋnɛ, pɩmʋnɩ Yehowa camɩyɛ ɛzɩma ɛkɛ wondu kpeekpe Lɩzɩyʋ yɔ nɛ ɛzɩma ɛkɛ weyi eyeki nɛ ɛ-tamaɣ lakɩ yɔ pɩ-hɔɔlʋʋ taa. Pɩtasɩna se ɛlɩzɩ mbʋ ɛsa naɣ yɔ nɛ wondu kɩlɩzɩtʋ ndʋ tɩwɛnɩ lɔŋsɩnɖɛ yɔ lɛ, alɩwaatʋ wɛɛ nɛ tɩɖɛɣ lɛ, ɛwɛɛ ewoki pɩ-yɔɔ nɛ eyeki nɛ ɛ-sɔɔlɩm nɛ ɛ-tamaɣ palakɩ.

Pʋyɔɔ lɛ, Yehowa hɩɖɛ tɔbʋʋ nɩʋ tɩsɩɩnɩ lakaɣ ŋga palabɩnɩ tʋmɩyɛ Ejipiti Lɩʋ 3:14 taa yɔ kɔ-tɔbʋʋ nɩʋ. Pama peeɖe se: «Mankaɣ pɩsʋʋ mbʋ malɩzɩɣ se manpɩsɩɣ yɔ» yaa «Mankaɣ kɛʋ mbʋ mankaɣ kɛʋ yɔ.» Toovenim taa lɛ, tɔm pee ana aalɩzɩɣ Ɛsɔ hɩɖɛ taa kpayɩ kpayɩ. Ɛlɛ awɩlɩɣ Ɛsɔ wɛtʋ hɔɔlʋʋ nakʋyʋ na, awɩlɩɣ se ɛpɩsɩɣ mbʋ pɩpɔzʋʋ yɔ paa wɛtʋ ndʋ tɩ-taa se pɩsa nɛ ɛ-tamaɣ la. Ye mbʋ, paa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩwɛ Yehowa hɩɖɛ tɔbʋʋ nɩʋ taa yɔ, ɛ-hɩɖɛ tɔbʋʋ nɩʋ ɛɛsɩɣnɩ mbʋ ɛ-maɣmaɣ ɛlɩzɩɣ se ɛpɩsɩɣ yɔ. Ðɩ-tɔbʋʋ nɩʋ wɩlɩɣ ɖɔɖɔ mbʋ ɛpɩzɩɣ eyele nɛ e-wondu kɩlɩzɩtʋ pɩsɩ nɛ ɛ-tamaɣ la yɔ.