Omatukulwa neevelishe olyelye a tukula ombiibeli momatukulwa nomeevelishe?

DILADILA nee ngeno owa li Omukriste mefelemudo lotete. Natu tye nee ngeno eongalo leni ola tuminwa onhumwafo komuyapostoli Paulus. Eshi to pwilikine kuyo tai leshwa, owa didilika kutya Paulus okwa tofa lwoikando mOmishangwa dOshiheberi odo di li “omishangwa diyapuki.” (2 Timoteus 3:15) Otashi dulika u tye: ‘Onda halelela okumona omishangwa omo a tofa.’ Ashike otashi ka kala shidjuu okumona omishangwa odo. Omolwashike mbela?

KAPA LI OMATUKULWA NEEVELISHE

Didilika kutya omishangwatonywa ‘domishangwa diyapuki’ odo da li ko pefimbo laPaulus kada li di na omatukulwa neevelishe. Apa ota pa monika oshitukulwa shembo laJesaja sha dja mOmishangwatonywa odo da hangelwe pEfuta La Fya. Oshike u wete mefano? Omu na ashike eendada inadi tukulwa, dihe na oileshifo nopehe na omatukulwa neevelishe ngaashi tu di na kunena.

Ovashangi vOmbiibeli kava li va tukula etumwalaka lavo momatukulwa neevelishe. Ova shanga ashishe osho va lombwelwa kuKalunga opo ovaleshi va dule okulesha etumwalaka alishe le lixwapo. Mbela osho hasho ho ningi ngeenge wa tuminwa onhumwafo kuumwe oo u hole? Iho lesha ashike oshitukulwa shimwe, ashike oho lesha etumwalaka alishe.

Kasha li naanaa shipu okulesha etumwalaka olo la li lihe na omatukulwa neevelishe. Paulus okwa li ashike ha dulu okutofa meendjovo ta longifa omautumbulilo aa: “Ngaashi pa shangwa” ile “ngaashi Jesaja okwa xunganeka a tya.” (Ovaroma 3:10; 9:29) Ndele kasha li shipu okumona kutya omatofwemo okwa dja peni, okuninga shapo u shii lela “omishangwa diyapuki.”

Osho shididilikwedi oshosho kutya “omishangwa diyapuki” odi li etumwalaka la dja kuKalunga. Okufika pexulilo lefelemudo lotete O.P., omambo aeshe 66 okwa li a tukulwa momatukulwa neevelishe. Nomolwaashi paife ovaleshi vOmbiibeli hava hafele onghedi omo Ombiibeli ya tukulwa momatukulwa neevelishe odo hadi va kwafele va mone ouyelele, ngaashi omatofwemo mahapu oo taa hangwa meenhumwafo daPaulus.

Otashi dulika u lipule kutya, ‘Olyelye a tukula Ombiibeli momatukulwa nomeevelishe?’

OLYELYE A TULA MO OMATUKULWA?

Hamushanga umwe welaka lOshiingilisha, Stephen Langton, oo lwanima a ka ninga Omubishofi omukulunhu wongeleka yaCanterbury okwa a li a tumbalekwa molwaashi okwa li a tukula Ombiibeli momatukulwa. Osho okwa li e shi ninga pehovelo lefelemido eti-13 O.P., pefimbo opo a li omuhongi koshiputudilo shopombada shaParis muFransa.

Ovahongwanhu ovo va tetekela Langton ova kendabala okutukula Ombiibeli moutukulwa vanini ile momatukulwa opo va dule okumona noupu eedjo domauyelele. Ngeno osha kala shipu kuvo okukonga ashike etukulwa limwe ponhele yokukonga membo alishe, ngaashi Jesaja oo e na omatukulwa 66, shi dulife okukonga mOmbiibeli aishe.

Oilonga aishe oyo oya li tai pula eenghendabala da mana mo. Ovahongwanhu ova li va hetekela eenghedi dihapu da yoolokafana. Evangeli laMarkus ola li la tukulwa momatukulwa 50 lwaapo, ndele lwanima ola ka tukulwa momatukulwa 16. Pefimbo laLangton, muParis omwa li ovahongwa va dja koilongo ihapu nova li va etelela Eembiibeli di li momalaka okoitukulwa yavo. Onghee hano, ovahongi novahongwa ova li tava dulu okuulikilafana eedjo domauyelele. Omolwashike mbela? Omolwaashi omatukulwa otashi dulika a li a tukulwa sha yoolokafana she likolelela komalaka.

Langton okwa li a nduluka po onghedi imwe yokutukula Ombiibeli. Embo A History of the Bible ola ti, onghedi yaye yokuunganeka omatukulwa “oya li ya hokiwa kovaleshi nokovahongimhango noya li ya tandavela meendelelo muEuropa alishe.” Omatukulwa mahapu oo e li mEembiibeli kunena, okwa tulwa mo kuLongton.

OLYELYE A TULA MO EEVELISHE?

Konima yomido 300 lwaapo, pokati kefelemudo eti-16, Robert Estienne, omuhongwanhu Omufransa okwa li a pupaleka neenghono okutukulwa kwOmbiibeli. Okwe shi ninga nelalakano opo ovanhu vahapu va dule okukonakona Ombiibeli. Okwa li a didilika kutya otashi ka kala shipu neenghono ngeenge Ombiibeli oya tukulwa momatukulwa nosho yo meevelishe.

Estienne haye a tota po onghedi yokutukula Ombiibeli meevelishe. Onghedi oyo okwa hanga ya totwa po nale. Pashihopaenenwa, omafelemido a tetekela, omushangululi Omujuda okwa hangwa nale a tukula omishangwa adishe dOshiheberi (Etestamenti likulu) meevelishe ndele hamomatukulwa. Ashike natango pefimbo opo kapa li onghedi ya hoololwa i kale hai longifwa mEembiibeli adishe.

Estienne okwa ka tukula Omishangwa dopaKriste dOshigreka (Etestamenti lipe) meevelishe, e shi ninga monghedi i lili, ndele te di tula kumwe nomishangwa dOshiheberi. Mo 1553, Estienne okwa li a nyanyangida Ombiibeli yotete ye lixwa po (mOshifransa) ya li i na omatukulwa neevelishe ngaashi ashike Eembiibeli dihapu kunena. Ovanhu vamwe ova li tava kembaula, tava ti kutya eevelishe oda ningifa etumwalaka lOmbiibeli li kale la tukulwa unene moutukulwa vanini node li ninga li kale ashike la fa omatumbulo a tukauka. Ashike onghedi omo Estienne a tukula Ombiibeli oya li ya tambulwa ko kuvahapu ovo hava pilinda.

EKWAFO LINENE KOVAKONAKONI VOMBIIBELI

Onghedi omo Ombiibeli ya tukulwa momatukulwa nomeevelishe otai monika i li paunafangwa. Ndele onghedi oyo otai ningifa ovanhu va dule okumona noupu ovelishe keshe. Onghedi yokutukula Ombiibeli momatukulwa nomeevelishe inai nwefwa mo kuKalunga, nomolwaasho omafimbo amwe etumwalaka tali monika la tukulwa monghedi ya kitakana. Ashike oshe shi ningifa shipu kufye tu dule okumona mo omatofwemo nokukonenena eevelishe donhumba, ngaashi ashike hatu didilike omautumbulilo ile oitwa yonhumba oyo twa hala unene okudimbuluka moshitukulwa ile membo.

Nonande onghedi omo Ombiibeli ya tukulwa otai monika ya kitakana, oshiwa alushe okukaleka momadiladilo kutya osho sha fimana okuuda ko etumwalaka alishe olo la dja kuKalunga. Kendabala okukala ho lesha oshitukulwa ashishe ponhele yokulesha ashike eevelishe kooimwe nooimwe. Okuninga ngaho otashi ke ku kwafela u shiive nawa “omishangwa diyapuki, . . . edi di neenghono doku ku longa eendunge, u xupifwe.” — 2 Timoteus 3:15.