Byalengela Kuba’mba Twikale na Baibolo

Kitukumisha bingi kuyuka kuba’mba Baibolo wapuluka mu bizumba byavula kabiji ujitu byonka byo bamunembele kala. Papita myaka 1,900 po bapwishishe kumunemba. Byambo bya mu Baibolo bebinembele pa bintu byabula kukosa, nabiji pa mapepala o balenganga ku mambanga ne pa myai ya banyama. Kabiji bebinembele mu milaka yambatu bantu bacheche ano moba. Babilolo nabiji bandamabyalo ne bantangi ba bupopweshi baesekele na bulume bwabo bonse kuba’mba bazhiye Baibolo.

Nanchi a uno buku wakonsheshe byepi kupuluka bizumba byavula ne kwikala buku wayukanyikwa ku bantu bavula? Akilangulukai pa bino bishinka bibiji.

Mapepala o Banembelepo Alengejile Byambo Kubula Kuzhiya

Bena Isalela balamine bulongo mivungilo itanshi po banembele byambo bya mu Baibolo kabiji bakopolwejilepo ne mivungilo ikwabo yavula. Bamfumu ba bena Isalela bebakambizhe kwikopolwela “ino Mizhilo kufuma mu buku uji na bañanga bena Levi.”—Mpitulukilo ya mu Mizhilo 17:18.

Bena Isalela bavula batemenwe bingi kutanga Binembelo mambo bayukile’mba Mambo a Lesa. Onkao mambo, banembeshi bo bafunjishe bulongo bateshangako bingi muchima pa kukopolola byambo. Munembeshi umo waakamwanga Lesa aye Ezela bamulumbulwile’mba “wajinga muntu ukopolola byambo wayukile bingi Mizhilo ya kwa Mosesa, yonka Yehoba Lesa wa Isalela yo apaine.” (Ezela 7:6) Bamazoleta bakopolwele Binembelo bya Kihebelu, nangwa’mba “Lulayañano lwa Kala” mu myaka ya ma 500 ne mu ma 900 C.E. Kabiji bapitulukilemo bulongo mu byambo ne kubala bisopelo kuchina’mba bakalubankanya. Kuteshako muchima pa kukopolola Baibolo kwalengelejile kubula kumuzhiya ku bantu bakebeshanga bingi kuzhiya Baibolo.

Mu mwaka wa 168 B.C.E., ndamakyalo mwina Silya aye Antiochus wa buna wakebelenga kuzhiisha Binembelo bya Kihebelu byonse byo ataaine mu kyalo kya Pelisitina. Mwapita bwikalo bonse bwa Bayudea, “ba mingilo inge bataana mivungilo mwanembwa mizhilo beitabaulanga yonse ne kwiisoka.” Buku wa The Jewish Encyclopedia wamba’mba: “Ba mingilo bo bapeele uno mwingilo wa konauna mivungilo bakanamine bingi . . . Muntu yense ye bataana na buku wazhila . . . bamwipayanga.” Nangwa byonkabyo, kuji mivungilo imo ya Binembelo yo babujile konauna mu Pelisitina ne mu byalo bikwabo.

Banembele Binembelo bya Kingiliki bya Bwina Kilishitu nangwa’mba “Lulayañano Lupya,” byo bapwishishetu kunemba makalata azhila, bungazhi ne mashimikila a kala byavujileko bingi. Yoano wanembele buku wanji wa Mambo Awama mu Efisesa nangwa’mba kwipi na Efisesa. Bino bashayuka baamba’mba kipimvwa kya muvungilo wa buku wa Mambo Awama ye bakopolwele myaka 50 kufuma kimye Yoano kyo anembele jishimikila janji, bekitaaine ku Ijipita kwalepa bingi. Kino kyamweshatu patoka kuba’mba bena Kilishitu baikalanga ku mapunzha a kwalepa bajinga na ino mivungilo mwanembelwe byambo byazhila.

Kabiji kusampanya ano Mambo a Lesa kwalengejile Baibolo kubula kuzhiya nangwatu mu kimye Kilishitu kyo abwelele mwiulu. Pa 23 February mu mwaka wa 303 C.E. ku makya Ndamakyalo mwina Loma aye Diocletian wamwenengako bashilikale banji byo bapaswile binzhilo bya ku chechi ne kusoka mivungilo ya Binembelo yo bataainemo. Diocletian walangulukilenga’mba inge waonauna binembelo byazhila bena Kilishitu nabo basakuzhiya. Juba jalondejile, wakambizhe kuba’mba ma Baibolo onse beasoke pa luntunanwa mwapita Bufumu bonse bwa bena Loma. Nangwa byonkabyo, ma Baibolo kechi beonawine onse ne, kabiji bakopolwejilepo ne akwabo. Kuji bipungu bikatampe bibiji bya mu Baibolo mu mulaka wa Kingiliki. Abino bipungu bafwainwa bebikopolwele kimye Diocletian kyo apwishishetu kusoka ma Baibolo akwabo, ne lelo jino ko bikiji. Kimo kiji ku Rome ne kipungu kikwabo kiji mu butala bwa mabuku butelwa’mba British Library ku London mu England.

Nangwa kya kuba kechi kujipo mivungilo itanshi po banembele byambo bya mu Baibolo ne, pano bino byambo byo bakopolwele bya mu Baibolo yense nangwa lubaji lumo ne luno ko bikiji. Mivungilo imo ya kala kene. Nanchi byambo byajinga mu mivungilo itanshi bebipimpwile na mambo a kwibikopolola nyi? Shayuka aye Willam Henry Green waambile pa Binembelo bya Kihebelu kuba’mba: “Twakonsha kwamba’mba kafwako buku mukwabo wa kala watuntululwa bulongo nobe uno ne.” Ba Sir Frederic Kenyon nabo baambile pa Binembelo bya Kingiliki bya Bwina Kilishitu amba: “Kimye kyapichilepo kufuma po banembejile byambo bitanshi ne kimye kyapichilepo pa kuba’mba bataane bishinka byamwesheshenga’mba bino binembelo byajinga konka, kicheche bingi. Kino kitulengela kushiinwa kuba’mba Baibolo ye tuji naye bamukopolwele bingi bulongo kechi bamupimpwile ne. Onkao mambo, twafwainwa kuketekela kuba’mba biji mu mabuku a “Lulayañano Lupya” bya kine. Kabiji waambile’mba: “Twafwainwa kwambatu kipasu kuba’mba byambo biji mu Baibolo bya kine. . . . Kafwako buku mukwabo wa kala wakonsha kwesakana pamo na Baibolo ne.”

Kutuntulula Baibolo

Kikwabo kyalengela’mba bantu batemwe Baibolo ke na mambo a kuba’mba bamutuntulula mu milaka yavula. Kabiji kino kishinka kyakwatankana bingi na bikeba Yehoba kuba’mba bantu ba mu bisaka byonse ne mu njimi yonse bafwainwa kuyuka Lesa ne kumupopwelanga aye yenka “na mupashi ne na bukine.”—Yoano 4:23, 24; Mika 4:2.

Binembelo bya Kihebelu byo batendekejilepo kutuntulula mu Kingiliki bebitelanga’mba Septuagint. Abino Binembelo bebituntulwijile Bayudea baikalanga mu Pelisitina baambanga Kingiliki kabiji bapwishishe kwibituntulula mu 100 B.C.E, Yesu saka akyangye kwiya pano pa ntanda ne kutendeka mwingilo wanji wa kusapwila. Baibolo yense kuvwangakotu ne Binembelo bya Kingiliki bya Bwina Kilishitu bebituntulwile mu milaka yavula mu myakatu icheche. Bino bamfumu ne bantangi ba bupopweshi bafwainwe kukwasha bantu babo kwikala na Baibolo bo bakainyenga kuba’mba Baibolo abule kutuntululwa mu milaka ikwabo. Kabiji kino kyalengejile bantu babo kubula kuyuka bukine.

Nangwa kya kuba bantangi ba bupopweshi ne makafulumende kechi bakebelenga’mba Baibolo atuntululwe ne, bino banabalume babujile moyo babikile bumi bwabo mu kizumba ne kutuntulula Baibolo mu milaka yapusana pusana. Mu mwaka wa 1530 ba William Tyndale bafunjijile pa sukulu wa Oxford batuntulwile Ntendekelo, Kulupuka, Bena Levi, Kubala ne Mpitulukilo ya mu Mizhilo. Ano ke mabuku atanshi atanu a Binembelo bya Kihebelu. Nangwa kya kuba kwajinga bakainyenga, ba William Tyndale bo bajinga batanshi kutuntulula Baibolo kufuma mu Kihebelu kutwala mu Kizungu. Kabiji bo bajinga batanshi kwingijisha jizhina ja Yehoba mu Kizungu. Shayuka wa Baibolo mwina Span aye Casiodoro de Reina bakebeshe bingi kumwipaya ku ba Katolika na mambo a kuba’mba watuntulwile Baibolo mu Kisipanishi. Kabiji waendele mu byalo byapusana pusana nabiji mu England, Germany, France, Holland ne Switzerland pa kuba’mba apwishe bulongo mwingilo wanji wa kutuntulula Baibolo.a

Ne ano moba Baibolo batwajijila na kumutuntulula ne kumupulinta mu milaka yavula bingi. Byo kiji kuba’mba Baibolo bakankalwa kumuzhiya kabiji bavula bakiji nanji, kino kimwesha kishinka kyaambile mutumwa Petelo kya kuba’mba: “Nsono yuma ne nsoke yayo ikunchikako, pakuba byambo bya Yehoba bikala myaka ne myaka.”—1 Petelo 1:24, 25.

[Tubyambo twa mushi]

[Kitenguluzha/Kipikichila]

ÑANYI BAIBOLO YE NAFWAINWA KUTANGANGA?

Milaka yavula iji na ma Baibolo apusana pusana. Mu ma Baibolo amo baingijisha byambo byakatazha kumvwa ne byambo bibula kwingijisha bantu ano moba. Ma Baibolo akwabo apeela kutanga, pano bino ntuntulwilo ijimo kechi yawama ne. Akwabo nao beatuntulula kyambo pa kyambo.

Bino Baibolo wa Binembelo bya Ntanda Ipya wanemba Bakamonyi ba kwa Yehoba, bamutuntulwile kufuma mu milaka ine itanshi ku jibumba ja bantuntuluzhi babula ne kuyukanyikwa mazhina abo. Uno Baibolo ye buku ye batuntulula mu milaka ikwabo kukila pa 60. Bantuntuluzhi ba mu ino milaka baesakenyeko na byambo bya mu mulaka mwine mutanshi ye banembejilemo Baibolo. Batuntulwile Baibolo wa Binembelo bya Ntanda Ipya, balondejile bingi mulaka mwine mutanshi ne kumona kuba’mba mulanguluko mwine uji mu Baibolo waumvwanyika. Bantuntuluzhi ba Baibolo bakebesha bingi kuba’mba bantu bomvwishenga bulongo byaamba Baibolo lelo jino byonkatu byo kyajinga kimye kyo banembelenga Baibolo.

Bashayuka bamo batanga ma Baibolo ajiko lelo jino kuvwangakotu ne Baibolo wa Binembelo bya Ntanda Ipya kuba’mba bashiinwe’mba byo beatuntulula byo ibyo. Umo shayuka ke Jason David BeDuhn wafunda pa bya bupopweshi pa Sukulu Mukatampe wa Northern Arizona mu Unitaed States. Mu mwaka wa 2003, wanembele buku wa mapa 200 mo aesakenye ma “Baibolo atanu na ana o bengijisha bingi mu mulaka wa Kizungu.”b Watangile Binembelo byavula bingi bashayuka bavula byo bepachikapo mo byatala. Aluno lo “lukatazho lwikalapo na bantuntuluzhi bavula bingi.” Waesakenyenga byepelo byavula bya mu Baibolo byo batuntulula mu mashinda apusana pusana. Kabiji waesakenyenga bino byepelo na byambo bya Kingiliki pa kuba’mba amone inge bantuntuluzhi batuntulwilenga kwingijisha milanguluko yabo bene. Ñanyi bintu byo ataaine?

BeDuhn waambile’mba bantu bavula baswa kuba’mba Baibolo wa Binembelo bya Ntanda Ipya wapusana bingi na ma Baibolo ashala. Kiji bino mambo bantuntuluzhi ba ma Baibolo akwabo baingijishenga milanguluko ya bupopweshi bwabo. Kabiji wanungilepo’mba: “Lupusano lujipo ke na mambo a kuba’mba Baibolo wa Binembelo bya Ntanda Ipya bamutuntulula bulongo kwesakana na mulaka mwine mutanshi kabiji wapeela kumvwa ne kutanga.” Nangwa kya kuba BeDuhn ukana mo batuntulwila byepelo bimo mu Baibolo wa Binembelo bya Ntanda Ipya, waambile’mba uno Baibolo ye yenkatu ye batuntulula bulongo kukila ma Baibolo akwabo.” Waambile pa uno Baibolo amba “buku wawama” ye batuntulula bulongo.

Dokotala aye Benjamin Kedar, shayuka wayukisha mulaka wa Kihebelu wikala mu Isalela naye waambilepo byambo bintutu bimo pa Baibolo wa Binembelo bya Ntanda Ipya. Mu mwaka wa 1989 waambile’mba: “Uno Baibolo kine bamutuntulwile ku bantu baumvwishishe bulongo binembelo. . . . Amiwa kechi nataanapo mu Baibolo wa Binembelo bya Ntanda Ipya po bapimpula mwatala kine kinembelo ne.”

Ishikishai anweba bene buno bwipuzho: ‘Mambo ka o mbena kutangila Baibolo? Nanchi nkeba Baibolo wapeela kutanga bino ye batuntulwila mungi nyi? Nangwa abya nkeba kutanga Baibolo ye batuntulula bulongo waesakana na byo banembele mu mulaka mwine mutanshi nyi?’ (2 Petelo 1:20, 21) Kutaana mikumbu ya ano mepuzho, kusakwimukwasha bingi kusala bulongo Baibolo wawama ye mwafwainwa kutanganga.

[Tubyambo twa mushi]

[Kipikichila]

“Baibolo wa Binembelo bya Ntanda Ipya” uji mu milaka yavula bingi

[Kipikichila]

Mivungilo ya Bamazoleta

[Kipikichila]

Kipimvwa po banembele Luka 12:7, “. . . Kwakamwa ne; mambo anweba mwanema kukila bisamba bya bwalula”

[Byambo biji pa Kipikichala]

Foreground page: National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg; second and third: Bibelmuseum, Münster; background: © The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin