Bantu Basatu Bakebelenga Bukine mu Kitota kya Myaka kya bu 16—Ñanyi Bintu byo Bataine?

“NANCHI bukine bo bu ka?” Buno bo bwipuzho Pontiusa Pilato, kitumbafumu wa bena Loma wajingako mu kitota kya myaka kitanshi bo aipwizhe Yesu kimye kyo bamutotolweshenga ku kinemanga. (Yoano 18:38) Bino Pilato kechi wakebelenga kuyuka bukine ne. Bwipuzho bwanji bwajingatu bwa kapunyi. Byonka byo kyajinga kwi Pilato, bukine bwakonsha kwikala kintu kyo asalapo muntu nangwa kuketekela mu byo bamufunjishe. Kechi kwajinga bintu byafwainwe kukwasha kuyuka bukine ne. Byo kiji ne ku bantu lelo jino.

Bantu bayanga ku Machechi mu kitota kya myaka kya bu 16 mu Europe, kechi bayukile bintu byo bafwainwe kuketekelamo byafwainwe kwikala bukine ne. Na mambo akuba bakomejile mu mafunjisho a papa ne a mu chechi, baitabijile mu mafunde akatataka asampenye bantu bapimpwilenga bintu mu bupopweshi mu Europe pa kyo kya kimye. Ñanyi bintu byo bafwainwe kwitabilamo? Bafwainwe kuyuka byepi bukine?

Mu o a moba, kwajinga banabalume basatu bakwabo bakebeshe bingi bukine.a Bafwainwe kuba byepi pa kuba’mba bayuke bukine ne bwajinga bubela? Kabiji ñanyi bintu byo bataine? Twayai twisambepo.

“TWAFWAINWA KULONDELA . . . BYAAMBA BAIBOLO KIMYE KYONSE”

Ba Wolfgang Capito kufumatu ne ku bwanyike, banemekele bingi byo baitabijilemo bya mu bupopweshi. Bafundanga bya michi, mizhilo, ne bya bupopweshi kabiji baikajile ke ba pulishiti mu 1512 ne mu kuya kwa kimye baikajile ke bantangi baingijilanga bishopu wa ku Mainz.

Patanshitu, ba Capito baesekele bingi kufwomona bantu bapimpula bintu mu bupopweshi bafunjishanga byapusana na Bakatolika. Nangwa byonkabyo, ba Capito batendekele kutundaika byo bapeselepeselenga. Baubile byepi? Byo kwaishile mafunjisho apusana pusana, wa bya mpito aye James M. Kittelson waambile’mba: “Ba Capito baketekejile amba kintu kyo wafwainwa kuyukilako inge byo bafunjisha bya kine ke Baibolo, mambo muji bukine.” Ba Capito bataine kuba’mba lufunjisho lwa kuba’mba shinkwa ne binyu byo bengijisha pa Kusekelela Kijiilo kyapeleleko kya kwa Kilishitu mu Katolika amba byaluka kwikala mubiji ne mashi a kwa Yesu ne kunemeka bafu kechi kwajinga kwa mu binembelo ne. (Monai kakitenguluzha ka kuba’mba “Bayuke Kana Bino Bintu bya Kine Nangwa Ne.”) Byo balekele kwingijila pamo na bishopu mu 1523, ba Capito bayile na kwikala mu muzhi wa Strasbourg yajinga mpunzha po bapesela peselanga bya bupopweshi.

Nzubo ya ba Capito yajinga mu Strasbourg yo yajinga mpunzha po besambilanga bya bupopweshi ne mafunjisho a Baibolo. Nangwa kya kuba bantu bapimpula bintu mu bupopweshi batundaikanga lufunjisho lwa Balesa Basatu, bino kwesakana na byanembele ba Capito mu buku wa The Radical Reformation, “kechi mwajingapo lufunjisho lwa balesa basatu ne.” Mambo ka? Ba Capito batemenwe byanembele upesa pesa bya bupopweshi wa ku Spain aye Michael Servetus waingijishe Baibolo pa kukana lufunjisho lwa Balesa Basatu.b

Umvwe kya kuba ba Capito bakaine lufunjisho lwa Balesa Basatu, inge bebamanyikile. Onkao mambo, bajimukile byo baambilenga byo balangulukilenga pa luno lufunjisho. Kwesakana na byo banembele, bimwesha kuba’mba bazhinaukanga lufunjisho lwa Balesa Basatu saka bakyangye kumonañana ne Servetus. Ntangi wa Bakatolika umo wanembele amba Ba Capito ne balunda nabo “batwajijile kwisamba kwa bunke pa mafunjisho a mu bupopweshi ne kukana mafunjisho a Balesa Basatu.” Panyuma ya kupitapo myaka 100, Ba Capito, batongwelwe amba bo bamo bajinga pa bantu bakananga Balesa Basatu.

Ba Capito bayukile kuba’mba mu Baibolo mo mufuma bukine. Banembele amba, “Twafwainwa kulondela byaamba Baibolo ne mizhilo ya Kilishitu pa kufunda bya bupopweshi.” Kwesakana na upesa bya kupesapesa aye Kittelson, ba Capito baambile’mba “kyalengelanga bapesapesa bya bupopweshi kukankalwa kutana bukine, ke na mambo a kuba’mba kechi balondelanga Binembelo ne.”

Martin Cellarius (ye batelanga ne kuba’mba Martin Borrhaus) waikalanga ku nzubo ya ba Capito mu 1526, naye wajinga na kizaku kya kufunda Mambo a Lesa.

“KUYUKA LESA WA KINE”

Cellarius wasemekelwe mu 1499, wafundanga pa bya bupopweshi ne buntemwamaana. Waswile mafunjisho ajinga mu Wittenberg, mu Germany. Byo kiji kuba’mba mu Wittenberg mo mwatendekejile lupimpu lwa bintu mu bupopweshi, Cellarius waingijilanga pamo ne Martin Luther ne bakwabo bakebelenga kupimpula bintu mu mafunjisho a mu chechi. Cellarius wapusenye byepi mafunjisho a bantu ne bukine bwa mu Binembelo?

Kwesakana na buku wa Teaching the Reformation, Cellarius walangulukanga kuba’mba pa kuba’mba bomvwishe “Binembelo bafwainwe kutanga na mukoyo, kwibyesakanya na bikwabo ne kulomba na lulapilo.” Ñanyi bintu byataine Cellarius pa kupesa pesa mu Baibolo?

Mu July 1527, Cellarius wanembele byo ataine mu buku wa kuba’mba On the Works of God. Wanembele’mba mafunjisho a mu chechi nabiji a kuba’mba mashi ne mubiji wa kwa Yesu aalukile ke mubiji wa kwa Yesu byajinga bya kifwanyikizho. Kwesakana na Shayuka aye Robin Barnes, buku wa kwa Cellarius “watundaikile bungauzhi bwa mu binembelo bwaamba pa kimye kya malwa akafikila bantu bonse ne panyuma ya bino, kufika kwa kuwamisha bintu mu ntanda yonse.”—2 Petelo 3:10-13.

Cellarius waambile pa bintu byanema bingi byaamba pe Yesu Kilishitu. Nangwa kya kuba kechi wakananga lufunjisho lwa Balesa Basatu ne, bino wapusenye “Shetu wa Mwiulu” na “Mwananji Yesu Kilishitu” kabiji wanembele’mba Yesu wajinga pa balesa bavula kabiji ne pa baana ba Lesa wa bulume bonse.—Yoano 10:34, 35.

Mu buku wanji wa kuba’mba Antitrinitarian Biography wa mu 1850, Robert Wallace waambile’mba, mu byanembele Cellarius kechi walondejilepo lufunjisho lwa Balesa Basatu lwa mu orthodoxy lwajingako mu kitota kya myaka kya bu 16 ne.c Banembeshi bavula balanguluka kuba’mba Cellarius wakaine lufunjisho lwa Balesa Basatu. Bamutongola kuba’mba ye muntu waingijishenga Lesa mu “kufunjisha bantu pe Lesa wa kine ne Kilishitu.”

KUBWEZHA MAFUNJISHO A KINE

Mu 1527, Johannes Campanus shayuka wa bupopweshi wafunjile bingi pa kyokya kimye, wafikijile mu Wittenberg. Nangwa kya kuba popo besambilanga bya kupimpula bintu mu bupopweshi, Campanus kechi watondelwe na byafunjishanga Martin Luther ne. Mambo ka?

Campanus wakananga lufunjisho lwa kuba’mba mashi ne mubiji wa kwa Yesu byaalukile kwikala byakine.d Kwesakana na munembeshi aye André Séguenny, Campanus waketekejile amba “Shinkwa wikalatu shinkwa, bino inge kimye kya kusekelela bebingijisha mu bukifwanyikizho kwimenako mubiji wa kwa Kilishitu.” Byo basambakene mu 1529 mu Marburg Colloquy na kwisamba pa ano mepuzho, Campanus kechi bamuswishishe kwambapo byo afunjile mu Binembelo ne. Panyuma ya bino, bamukainye ku bakwabo bapimpwilenga bintu mu bupopweshi mu Wittenberg.

Bintu byaitabijilemo Campanus byaamba pa Tata, Mwana ne mupashi wazhila byazhingijishe bantu bapimpwilenga bintu mu bupopweshi. Mu buku wanji wa mu 1532 wa kuba’mba Restitution, Campanus wafunjishe’mba Yesu ne Shanji bapusana bingi. Walumbulwile’mba Tata ne Mwana “ke bamotu,” byonka bamulume ne mukazhi byo baji mubiji umo bino saka baji bantu babiji. (Yoano 10:30; Mateo 19:5) Campanus waambile’mba Binembelo bingijisha byambo bimwesha’mba Tata uji na bulume kukila Mwana: “Bino nakeba namba muyuke amba, mutwe wa mwanamulume ye Kilishitu; mutwe wa mwanamukazhi ye mwanamulume; kabiji mutwe wa Kilishitu ye Lesa.”—1 Kolinda 11:3.

Pano ibyepi pa mupashi wazhila? Campanus waamba jikwabo pa byanembwa mu Baibolo amba: “Kafwako Binembelo bimwesha amba Mupashi Wazhila ke muntu wa busatu . . . mupashi bamwingijisha nobe bulume bwingila kabiji kino kyalumbulula amba Lesa unengezha ne kuba bintu byonse kupichila mu bulume bwanji bwa ku mupashi.”—Ntendekelo 1:2.

Luther watelele Campanus amba wa mwenga kabiji mulwanyi wa Mwana Lesa. Mukwabo pa bapimpwilenga bintu mu bupopweshi wakebelenga kuba’mba bepaye Campanus. Nangwa byonkabyo, Campanus kechi waumvwine moyo ne. Kwesakana na buku wa The Radical Reformation, waambile’mba, “Campanus waketekejile amba kumvwisha bukine bwa mu Baibolo bwaamba pe Lesa kwikala mutwe kabiji ne mwanamulume kwalengejile Chechi kufwa.”

Campanus kechi wikebejile kuba’mba alenge mabumba a bupopweshi ne. Waambile’mba, “watayiletu kimye na kukeba bukine mu machechi apusenamo na byo aitabilamo.” Na mambo a bino, waketekejile kuba’mba Chechi wa Katolika ukabwezha mafunjisho a bwina Kilishitu a kine. Pano bino, Bantangi ba mu Katolika bamukashile kampepo pa myaka 20 mu kaleya. Bapesapesa bya mpito bataine amba wafwile nobe mu 1575.

“SAKA MUPIMA BINTU BYONSE”

Kufunda Baibolo na mukoyo kwalengejile Capito, Cellarius, Campanus ne bakwabotu kupusanya bukine ku kubela. Nangwa kya kuba bintu byo bafunjilenga bano bantu bakebelenga bukine kechi byonse byakwatankene na biji mu Baibolo ne, bino bapesele pesele mu Binembelo ne kunemeka bukine bo bafunjile.

Mutumwa Paulo watundaikile bakwabo bena Kilishitu amba: “Saka mupima bintu byonse ne kuyuka kyawama ne kwikikakachila.” (1 Tesalonika 5:21) Umvwe mukeba kuyuka bukine, Bakamonyi ba kwa Yehoba banemba buku wa kuba’mba Nanchi Baibolo Kine Ufunjisha’mba Ka?