Engeri Bayibuli gy’Ekuumiddwamu Okutuukira Ddala mu Kiseera Kyaffe

Okuba nti Bayibuli esigaddewo okutuukira ddala mu kiseera kyaffe era ng’ebirimu tebikyusiddwamu, kyewuunyisa nnyo. Yamalirizibwa okuwandiikibwa emyaka egisukka mu 1,900 emabega. Yawandiikibwa ku bintu ebyonooneka amangu, gamba nga, ku mpapula ezaakolebwa mu bitoogo ne mu maliba g’ensolo. Era abantu batono nnyo leero aboogera ennimi mwe yasooka okuwandiikibwa. Ate era abantu abaalina obuyinza, gamba nga bakabaka n’abakulembeze b’amadiini, baafuba nnyo okusaanyaawo Bayibuli.

BAYIBULI esobodde etya okusigalawo okutuusa leero n’etuuka n’okuba nti kye kitabo ekisingayo okumanyibwa? Ka tulabe ensonga bbiri.

Okugikoppolola Enfunda n’Enfunda Kyagisobozesa Obutasaanawo

Abayisirayiri be baasooka okukwasibwa ebiwandiiko bya Bayibuli ebyasooka. Baabikuuma n’obwegendereza era baabikoppolola emirundi mingi. Ng’ekyokulabirako, bakabaka ba Isirayiri baalagirwa ‘okwewandiikiranga mu kitabo Amateeka nga bagakoppolola mu ekyo bakabona Abaleevi kye baaterekanga.’​—Ekyamateeka 17:18.

Abayisirayiri bangi baali baagala nnyo okusoma Ebyawandiikibwa, nga babitwala nti Kigambo kya Katonda. N’olwekyo, abawandiisi abaalinga batendekeddwa obulungi be baakolanga omulimu gw’okukoppolola Ebyawandiikibwa, era beegenderezanga nnyo nga bakola omulimu ogwo. Omu ku bo yali musajja eyali atya Katonda eyali ayitibwa Ezera, era Bayibuli egamba nti “yali mukoppolozi eyali amanyi obulungi Amateeka ga Musa, Yakuwa Katonda wa Isirayiri ge yawa.” (Ezera 7:6) Abamasoleti abaakoppolola Ebyawandiikibwa eby’Olwebbulaniya, oba “Endagaano Enkadde,” wakati w’ekyasa eky’omukaaga n’eky’ekkumi E.E., baabalanga n’omuwendo gw’ennukuta okusobola okwewala okukola ensobi. Okuba nti Bayibuli yakoppololwa n’obwegendereza, kyasobozesa ebigirimu okusigala nga tebikyusiddwamu, era kyagisobozesa obutasaanawo wadde nga waaliwo bangi abaagezaako okugisaanyaawo.

Ng’ekyokulabirako, mu 168 E.E.T., omufuzi wa Busuuli eyali ayitibwa Antiochus IV yagezaako okusaanyaawo kopi z’Ebyawandiikibwa eby’Olwebbulaniya mu kitundu kya Palesitayini kyonna. Ebyafaayo by’Abayudaaya bigamba nti: “Emizingo gyonna egy’amateeka gye baazuula baagiyuza era ne bagyokya.” Ekitabo ekiyitibwa The Jewish Encyclopedia kigamba nti: “Abo abaatumibwa okukola omulimu ogwo baagukola n’obunyiikivu, . . . era omuntu eyasangibwanga n’ekitabo ekitukuvu . . . yasalirwanga ekibonerezo kya kuttibwa.” Naye kopi z’Ebyawandiikibwa zaasigalawo mu Bayudaaya abaali babeera mu Palesitayini ne mu abo abaali babeera mu bitundu ebirala.

Ate bo abawandiisi b’Ebyawandiikibwa eby’Oluyonaanyi oba “Endagaano Empya,” bwe baamaliriza omulimu gwabwe, mangu ddala kopi z’amabaluwa gaabwe, obunnabbi, n’ebyafaayo, zaasaasaana mu bitundu bingi. Ng’ekyokulabirako, Enjiri Yokaana gye yawandiika, yagiwandiikira mu Efeso oba okumpi ne Efeso. Wadde kiri kityo, akatundu k’ekiwandiiko ky’Enjiri eyo, abanoonyereza kye bagamba nti kyakoppololwa nga tewannayita myaka 50 nga Yokaana amaze okuwandiika Enjiri ye, kaasangibwa mu Misiri, ekitundu ekyesudde mayiro nnyingi okuva mu Efeso. Ekyo kiraga nti Abakristaayo abaali mu nsi ez’ewala, baalina kopi z’Ebyawandiikibwa ebyali byakamala okuluŋŋamizibwa.

Okuba nti Ekigambo kya Katonda kyabuna mu bitundu bingi, nakyo kyayambako mu kuba nti tekisaanawo mu byasa ebyaddako nga Kristo amaze okuddayo mu ggulu. Ng’ekyokulabirako, kigambibwa nti lumu ku manya ennyo nga Febwali 23, mu mwaka gwa 303 E.E., abasirikale ba empula Omuruumi eyali ayitibwa Diocletian baamenya enzigi z’ekkanisa ne bookya kopi z’Ebyawandiikibwa, era empula oyo yaliwo ng’atunula okukakasa nti bakola omulimu ogwo. Diocletian yali alowooza nti bwe yandisaanyizzaawo Ebyawandiikibwa Ebitukuvu, yandibadde asobola okusaanyaawo Obukristaayo. Ku lunaku olwaddirira, yalagira nti Bayibuli zonna ezaali mu bwakabaka bwa Rooma zookebwe mu lujjudde. Wadde kyali kityo, waliwo kopi za Bayibuli ezaasigalawo era ne zikoppololwa. Mu butuufu, n’okutuusa leero wakyaliwo ebitundu bibiri ebinene ebya kopi za Bayibuli mu Luyonaani, kirabika ezaakoppololwa nga waakayita ekiseera kitono nga Diocletian amaze kaweefube we ow’okusaanyaawo Bayibuli. Ekitundu ekimu kiri mu Rooma, ate ekirala kiri mu tterekero ly’ebitabo erimu mu kibuga London, mu Bungereza.

Wadde nga ku biwandiiko bya Bayibuli ebyasookera ddala tewali na kimu ekyali kizuuliddwa, waliwo kopi za Bayibuli nkumi na nkumi mu bulambalamba oba mu bitundutundu ezaakoppololwa n’engalo ezikyaliwo n’okutuusa leero. Ezimu ku zo nkadde nnyo. Obubaka obwali mu biwandiiko bya Bayibuli ebyasooka bwakyuka nga bikoppololwa? Omwekenneenya omu ayitibwa W.  H. Green yayogera bw’ati ku Byawandiikibwa eby’Olwebbulaniya: “Tuyinza okugamba nti mu biwandiiko byonna eby’edda, Bayibuli kye kiwandiiko ekikyasinze okukuumibwa obulungi obubaka bwayo ne busigala nga tebukyusiddwamu.” Omwekenneenya omulala ayitibwa Frederic Kenyon, yayogera bw’ati ku Byawandiikibwa eby’Oluyonaani: “Ekiseera ekyayitawo okuva lwe baawandiika Ebyawandiikibwa ebyo n’okutuusa lwe baabikoppolola kito nnyo ne kiba nti kiyinza okubuusibwa amaaso. Era tewakyaliwo kubuusabuusa kwonna nti Ebyawandiikibwa bye tulina leero biri ddala nga bwe byali nga byakawandiikibwa. Kati kikakasiddwa nti ebitabo by’Endagaano Empya bituufu era byesigika.” Ate era yagattako nti: “Kati tuli bakakafu nti obubaka obuli mu Bayibuli tebwakyusibwamu. . . . Ekyo si bwe kiri ku bitabo ebirala byonna eby’edda.”

Okuvvuunula Bayibuli

Ekintu ekirala ekireetedde Bayibuli okuba nti kye kitabo ekisingayo okumanyibwa mu bantu kwe kuba nti evvuunuddwa mu nnimi nnyingi. Ekyo kituukagana n’ekigendererwa kya Katonda eky’okuba nti abantu okuva mu mawanga gonna n’ennimi, bamumanya era bamusinza “mu mwoyo n’amazima.”​—Yokaana 4:23, 24; Mikka 4:2.

Enkyusa y’Ebyawandiikibwa eby’Olwebbulaniya egambibwa okuba nti ye yasooka, ye Septuagint eyavvuunulwa mu Luyonaani. Baagivvuunulira Abayudaaya abaali boogera Oluyonaani abaali babeera mu bitundu ebyali ebweru wa Palesitayini, era yamalirizibwa okuvvuunulwa emyaka nga 200 nga Yesu tannatandika buweereza bwe wano ku nsi. Bayibuli yonna nga mw’otwalidde n’Ebyawandiikibwa eby’Oluyonaani yavvuunulwa mu nnimi endala nnyingi nga waakayita ebyasa bitono ng’emaze okuwandiikibwa. Kyokka oluvannyuma bakabaka n’abakulembeze b’amadiini abandibadde bafuba okuyamba abantu okufuna Bayibuli, ate baabalemesa bulemesa okugifuna. Abakulembeze b’eddiini baagezaako okukuumira abantu mu kizikiza nga tebakkiriza Bayibuli kuvvuunulwa mu nnimi abantu ba bulijjo ze boogera.

Abasajja abavumu bassa obulamu bwabwe mu kabi ne bajeemera Ekkanisa n’ab’obuyinza ne bavvuunula Bayibuli mu nnimi abantu ba bulijjo ze baali bategeera. Ng’ekyokulabirako, mu 1530, omusajja Omungereza eyali ayitibwa William Tyndale, eyasomera mu yunivasite ye Oxford, yavvuunula mu Lungereza ebitabo ebitaano ebisooka mu Byawandiikibwa eby’Olwebulaniya. Wadde nga waaliwo okuyigganyizibwa okw’amaanyi, Tyndale ye muntu eyasooka okuvvuunula Bayibuli obutereevu okuva mu Lwebbulaniya okugizza mu Lungereza. Ate era Tyndale ye muvvuunuzi Omungereza eyasooka okukozesa erinnya Jehovah. Omuvvuunuzi omulala eyali ayitibwa Casiodoro de Reina naye yali mu kabi ak’okuttibwa abakulembeze b’eddiini y’Ekikatuliki, bwe yali akola omulimu gw’okuvvuunula emu ku Bayibuli ezaasooka okuvvuunulwa mu Lusipanisi. Yagenda mu Bungereza, Bugirimaani, Bufalansa, Budaaki, ne Switzerland okusobola okumaliriza omulimu gw’okuvvuunula enkyusa ya Bayibuli eyo.a

Leero Bayibuli ekyeyongera okuvvuunulwa mu nnimi nnyingi, era kopi bukadde na bukadde zikubibwa mu kyapa. Okuba nti Bayibuli ekyaliwo n’okutuusa leero, era nga kye kitabo ekisingayo okumanyibwa abantu, kikakasa ebigambo by’omutume Peetero bino ebyaluŋŋamizibwa: “Omuddo guwotoka, ekimuli kyagwo ne kigwa, naye ekigambo kya Yakuwa kibeerawo emirembe n’emirembe.”​—1 Peetero 1:24, 25.

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NKYUSA KI EYA BAYIBULI GYE NSAANIDDE OKUSOMA?

Ennimi nnyingi zirina enkyusa za Bayibuli ez’enjawulo. Enkyusa za Bayibuli ezimu zikozesa ebigambo ebizibu okutegeera. Ate mu nkyusa za Bayibuli endala, abavvuunuzi baakyusa amakulu olw’okwagala okuvvuunula Bayibuli ennyangu okusoma. Ate mu ndala bavvuunula kigambo ku kigambo.

Enkyusa ya Bayibuli ey’Olungereza eyitibwa New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, yakubibwa Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa, era yavvuunulwa butereevu okuva mu nnimi Bayibuli mwe yasooka okuwandiikibwa. Enkyusa ya Bayibuli eno abavvuunuzi baagyesigamako okuvvuunula Bayibuli mu nnimi nga 60. Kyokka abavvuunuzi b’ennimi ezo bwe baali bavvuunula, baageraageranya enkyusa ya Bayibuli eyo n’ebiwandiiko bya Bayibuli ebiri mu nnimi mwe yasooka okuwandiikibwa. Abavvuunuzi ba New World Translation bavvuunula kigambo ku kigambo bwe kiba nti ekyo tekikyusa makulu. Abavvuunuzi b’enkyusa eyo bafuba okulaba nti oyo agisoma leero ategeera Ebyawandiikibwa mu ngeri y’emu ng’oyo eyabisomanga mu biseera eby’edda bwe yabitegeeranga.

Waliwo abakugu abamu mu nnimi abeekenneenyezza enkyusa za Bayibuli ezitali zimu, nga mwe muli ne New World Translation, nga baagala okulaba obanga zavvuunulwa mu ngeri entuufu. Omu ku bakugu abo ye profesa Jason David BeDuhn okuva mu yunivasite emu mu Amerika. Mu 2003 yakuba akatabo ka miko 200 akakwata ku kunoonyereza kwe yakola okukwata ku nkyusa za Bayibuli mwenda ezisinga okukozesebwa abantu aboogera Olungereza.b Yeekenneenya ebyawandiikibwa abavvuunuzi bye batera okuvvuunula mu ngeri ez’enjawulo. Yageraageranya ebyawandiikibwa ebyo n’ebiwandiiko by’Oluyonaani okulaba wa abavvuunuzi we baakyusa amakulu. Kiki kye yazuula?

BeDuhn agamba nti, “Abantu okutwalira awamu n’abekenneenya ba Bayibuli bangi balowooza nti enjawulo eriwo wakati wa New World Translation (NW) n’enkyusa za Bayibuli endala eva mu kuba nti abavvuunuzi ba New World Translation baatwalirizibwa enjigiriza z’eddiini yaabwe nga bavvuunula.” Kyokka agattako nti, “Enjawulo ezisinga obungi eziri mu NW ziva mu kuba nti abavvuunuzi baafuba nnyo okuvvuunula mu ngeri entuufu, kyenkana nga bavvuunula kigambo ku kigambo.” Wadde nga BeDuhn takkiriziganya n’engeri ebyawandiikibwa ebimu gye byavvuunulwamu mu New World Translation, agamba nti enkyusa eno ‘yeekyasinzeeyo okuvvuunula ebyawandiikibwa mu ngeri entuufu mu nkyusa za Bayibuli ezaanoonyerezebwako.’ Agiyita enkyusa ya Bayibuli “ennungi ennyo.”

Dr. Benjamin Kedar, omwekenneenya Omwebulaniya ow’omu Isirayiri, naye yayogera ku New World Translation ebigambo ebifaananako n’ebyo. Mu 1989 yagamba nti: “Abaakola omulimu guno baafuba nnyo okuvvuunula Ebyawandiikibwa mu ngeri etegeerekeka era entuufu. . . . Sirina kyawandiikibwa na kimu mu New World Translation kye nnali nsomye nga baakyongeramu amakulu agatalina kubaamu.”

Weebuuze: ‘Kigendererwa ki kye nnina mu kusoma Bayibuli? Njagala okusoma enkyusa ya Bayibuli ennyangu okusoma naye ng’abaagivvuunula tebaafaayo kugivvuunula mu ngeri ntuufu? Oba njagala okusoma Bayibuli eggirayo ddala amakulu agali mu biwandiiko bya Bayibuli ebyasooka?’ (2 Peetero 1:20, 21) Ekigendererwa ky’olina mu kusoma Bayibuli kye kijja okukuyamba okulondawo nkyusa ya Bayibuli ki gy’onoosoma.

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“Enkyusa ey’Ensi Empya” eri mu Nnimi Nyingi

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Ebiwandiiko by’Abamasoreti

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Akatundu k’ekiwandiiko akalaga Lukka 12:7, “. . . Temutya; muli ba muwendo nnyo okusinga enkazaluggya ennyingi”

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Foreground page: National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg; second and third: Bibelmuseum, Münster; background: © The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin