Bena Makabeye bavua banganyi?
BUA bantu ba bungi, tshikondo tshia bena Makabeye tshidi mpokolo wa mamanyisha adi atangila lupolo ludi pankatshi pa dijika dia mikanda ya ndekelu ya Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu ne dilua dia Yezu Kristo. Anu bu mutubu basokolola amue malu padibu bakonkonona kashete kafike ka ndeke panyima pa yeye mumane kukuluka, tudi mua kujingulula amue malu mu dikonkonona bimpe menemene tshikondo tshia bena Makabeye—tshivua tshikale tshikondo tshia mashintuluka bua tshisamba tshia bena Yuda.
Bena Makabeye bavua banganyi? Mmunyi muvuabu ne buenzeji pa Buena-Yuda kumpala kua dilua dia Masiya mudianjila kumanyisha?—Danyele 9:25, 26.
Ditangalaka dia Buena-Greke
Aleksandre Munene uvua mutshimune matunga a bungi kubangila ku ditunga dia Grèce too ne ku dia Inde (336-323 K.B.B.). Bukalenge buende bualabale buvua buambuluishe bua kutangalaja Buena-Greke—muakulu ne nshidimukilu wa Grèce. Banene ne basalayi ba Aleksandre bakasela bakaji ba muaba wonso uvuabu, kusambakajijabu nshidimukilu wa bena Greke ne ya ku ba bende. Kunyima kua lufu lua Aleksandre, ba-jenerale bende bakabanyangana bukalenge. Ku mbangilu kua siekele muibidi K.B.B., Antiyokuse III wa mu mulongo wa bumfumu bua bena Greke (Séleucides) mu ditunga dia Siriya wakanyenga Izalele ku bianza bia bakokeshi ba-Petolemeye bena Greke ba mu Ejipitu. Mmunyi muvua bukokeshi bua bena Greke buikale ne buenzeji kudi bena Yuda ba mu Izalele?
Mufundi kampanda wa malu a kale udi uleja ne: “Bu muvua bena Yuda kabayi mua kuepuka dipetangana ne bena mutumba nabu bavua bitabe nshidimukilu wa bena Greke, ne kabayi nansha batamba kupetangana ne bana babu menemene bena Yuda bavua ku ba bende, kakuvua mushindu wa kuepuka nshidimukilu wa bena Greke ne ngelelu yabu ya meji nansha. . . . Dikala patupu ne muoyo mu tshikondo tshia bena Greke divua diumvuija kuitaba nshidimukilu wabu!” Bena Yuda bakangata mêna a bena Greke. Mu mishindu mishilangane, bakangata bibidilu ne mvuadilu bia bena Greke. Buenzeji busokome bua nshidimukilu eu buvua buenda budiunda.
Dinyanguka dia bakuidi
Bakuidi bavua munkatshi mua bena Yuda bavua batambe kupeta buenzeji bua nshidimukilu wa bena Greke. Bua bavule ba kudibu, kuitaba Buena-Greke kuvua kumvuija kuanyisha bua se: mu bungi bua matuku Buena-Yuda buye kumpala. Muena Yuda umue wa mushindu’eu uvua Yasone (mubikila ne: Yoshua mu tshiena-Ebelu), muakunyi wa muakuidi munene Oniya III. Pavua Oniya muye ku Antiokia, Yasone wakakosa bakokeshi bena Greke mishiku. Bua tshinyi? Bua kubafikisha ku dimuteka bu muakuidi munene pa muaba wa Oniya. Antiyokuse Epifane (175-164 K.B.B.), mukokeshi wa mu mulongo wa bumfumu bua bena Greke wakitaba bualu ebu kakuyi njingakanyi. Kumpala, bakokeshi bena Greke kabavua babenga buakuidi bunene bua mu Yuda to, kadi Antiyokuse uvua dijinga ne mfranga bua kuya kuelangana mvita. Uvua kabidi ne disanka dia kupeta mulombodi muena Yuda uvua mua kutamba kuambuluisha bua kutangalaja Buena-Greke. Ku dilomba dia Yasone, Antiyokuse wakapesha Yeruzaleme lumu bua kuikalaye tshimenga tshia bena Greke (polis). Bu difutu bua bualu ebu, Yasone wakibaka nzubu munene wa manaya muvua bansonga bena Yuda ne nansha bakuidi benzela manaya.
Tshitungu tshiakalela tshitungu. Kunyima kua bidimu bisatu, Menela—pamu’apa kavua wa mu mulongo wa buakuidi—wakakosa mishiku ne mfranga ya bungi, ne Yasone wakanyema. Bua kufuta Antiyokuse, Menela wakangata mishiki mivule ya mfranga mu tshibutshilu tshia ntempelo. Bu muvua Oniya III (mu tshimuangi mu Antiokia) mudiule muanda eu, Menela wakalongolola bua kumushipa.
Pakatangalaka manunganyi ne: Antiyokuse uvua mufue, Yasone wakapingana ku Yeruzaleme ne balume tshinunu bua kuangataye buakuidi bunene kudi Menela. Kadi Antiyokuse kavua mufue to. Pakumvuaye bua tshienzedi tshia Yasone ne bua tshimvundu tshivua munkatshi mua bena Yuda bavua babenga mayele ende a ditabijija bantu Buena-Greke, Antiyokuse wakandamuna ne tshikisu.
Antiyokuse udi wangata dipangadika
Mu mukanda wende wa The Maccabees, Moshe Pearlman udi ufunda ne: “Nansha mudi mikanda kayiyi yumvuija malu bimpe menemene, bidi bimueneka ne: Antiyokuse uvua muambe ne: bivua tshilema mu malu a tshididi bua kupesha bena Yuda budikadidi mu malu a Nzambi. Buende yeye, buntomboji bua ndekelu bua mu Yeruzaleme buvua bujukile ki nku bipatshila bia malu a Nzambi patupu to, kadi ku mmuenenu uvua mutangalake mu Yuda wa dianyisha Ejipitu, ne mbaleje ngenyi eyi ya tshididi mu mushindu mubi anu bualu, mu bantu bende bonso, anu bena Yuda nkayabu ke bavua bakebe ne kubanyishilabu bua kuikala ne budikadidi buvule bua kuditapulula mu malu a Nzambi. . . . Wakangata dipangadika ne: bavua ne bua kuimanyika muanda eu.”
Abba Eban, muena mbulamatadi ne mushikuluji wa mu ditunga dia Israël udi wamba mu tshikoso malu adi alonda aa: “Malu akalondangana lukasa lukasa mu tshidimu tshia 168 ne tshia 167 [K.B.B.], bakashipa bena Yuda, kupaulabu Ntempelo, kukandikabu dilonda tshitendelelu tshia bena Yuda. Ditengula diakalua muanda wa tshibawu tshia lufu, anu bu muvua dilama Nsabatu. Tshipendu tshitambe bunene ntshia mu Tshisua-munene 167 pavuabu, ku dîyi dia Antiyokuse, bashile Zewuse tshioshelu munda mua Ntempelo, ne kulombabu bena Yuda bua kulambula munyinyi wa ngulube kudi nzambi wa bena Greke. Bushuwa, munyinyi eu kauvua mukezuke bilondeshile mikenji ya bena Yuda nansha.” Mu tshikondo etshi, Menela ne bakuabu bena Yuda bavua bitabe Buena-Greke bakatungunuka ne mianzu yabu, benza mudimu mu ntempelo uvuabu banyange musangu au.
Nansha muvua bena Yuda ba bungi bitabe Buena-Greke, tshisumbu tshipiatshipia tshidibikila ne: ba-Hasidim—balamatshi ba Nzambi—tshivua tshikankamija bantu bua kutumikila Mikenji ya Mozese mu katoba mu katoba. Mpindieu bu muvuabu bakine bakuidi bavua bitabe Buena-Greke, bantu ba tshianana bakatamba kulamata ba-Hasidim. Tshikondo tshia difuila ditaba tshiakatuadija bualu bavua benzeja bena Yuda mu ditunga dijima bua kuitaba bibidilu ne milambu ya bampangano, tshianana bavua ne bua kufua. Mikanda kayiyi mipudija ku spiritu ya bena Makabeye idi ne miyuki bungi kabuyi kubala ya balume, bakaji ne bana bakanyisha bua kufua pamutu pa kuitaba bualu abu.
Bena Makabeye badi bajukila kuulu
Malu matambe bukole akenza Antiyokuse akasaka bena Yuda ba bungi bua kuluangena tshitendelelu tshiabu. Mu Modine, ku Nord-Ouest kua Yeruzaleme pabuipi ne tshimenga tshia Lod tshidiku lelu, bavua babikile muakuidi mukuabu diende Matatiya bua kulua munkatshi mua tshimenga. Bu muvua bantu ba muaba au banemeka Matatiya, muleji-mpala wa mukalenge wakakeba bua kumutuisha bua afile milambu ya bampangano—bua kupandisha muoyo wende ne kupesha bantu bakuabu bonso tshilejilu. Pakabenga Matatiya, muena Yuda mukuabu wakitaba bua kuenzaye bualu ebu. Matatiya wakafika munda, kuangataye tshia-mvita e kumushipa. Bapapuke bua muvua mukulakaje eu muenze bualu ebu bua tshikisu, basalayi bena Greke kabakaleja mitalu nansha. Mu tusunsa tukese, Matatiya ukavua mushipe kabidi munene wa bena Greke. Bana ba Matatiya batanu ne bena mu tshimenga bakatshimuna basalayi bena Greke kumpala kua buobu kunyema.
Matatiya wakela lubila ne: ‘Muntu yonso udi ne lukunukunu bua Mikenji andonde.’ Bua kuepela disombuela, yeye ne bana bende bakaya ku kakunakuna ka mu mpata. Ne bu muakatangalaka lumu lua malu avuabu benze, bena Yuda (pamue ne ba-Hasidim bavule) bakadisangisha nabu.
Matatiya wakateka muanende Yudase ku mutu kua basalayi bende. Pamu’apa bualu Yudase uvua muenze malu a dikema mu busalayi, bavua bamubikila ne: Makabeye, mmumue ne: “nyindu.” Bavua babikila Matatiya ne bana bende ne: bena Asmona. Dîna edi ndiangatshila ku tshimenga tshia Heshemona anyi kudi nkambua kampanda uvua nadi. (Yoshua 15:27) Kadi bu muvua Yudase Makabeye muende lumu mu buntomboji ebu, dîku dijima diakafika ku dibikidibua ne: bena Makabeye.
Badi banyenga ntempelo
Mu tshidimu tshia kumpala tshia buntomboji, Matatiya ne bana bende bakalongolola tshiluilu tshikese. Misangu ya bungi, basalayi bena Greke bavua baluisha bisumbu bia baluanganyi ba-Hasidim mu dituku dia Nsabatu. Nansha muvuabu ne bukole bua kudipandisha, kabavua mua kushipa Nsabatu nansha. Nanku bantu ba bungi bavua bafua. Matatiya—uvuabu bangata musangu au bu mukokeshi mu malu a Nzambi—wakajadika mukenji uvua wanyishila bena Yuda bua kudipandisha dituku dia Nsabatu. Mukenji eu wakapesha bantomboji aba ki ng’anu bukole bupiabupia patupu, kadi wakafila kabidi tshilejilu mu Buena-Yuda bua kuanyishila bamfumu ba malu a Nzambi bua kushintulula mikenji ya bena Yuda bilondeshile mudi nsombelu yandamuka. Talmud udi uleja lungenyi elu mu mêyi a se: “Banyange Nsabatu umue bua bamone mua kujidila Nsabatu ya bungi.”—Yoma 85b.
Kunyima kua lufu lua tatuende ukavua mukulakaje, Yudase Makabeye wakalua mulombodi wa buntomboji uvuabu banyisha. Pakajingululaye ne: kavua ne bukole bua kutshimuna baluishi bende mu mvita ya patoke, wakalongolola ngenzelu mipiamipia, anu bu mutu mvita ya bantomboji ya mu bikondo bietu ebi. Wakashipela basalayi ba Antiyokuse miaba ivuabu kabayi mua kukuata mudimu ne ngenzelu yabu ya pa tshibidilu bua kudipandisha. Mu mvita milondangane, Yudase wakafika ku ditshimuna basalayi bapite bende ku bungi.
Bu muvuabu kumpala kua mafuilakana a munda ne kua bukokeshi bua bena Roma buvua buenda bujuka, bakokeshi ba Ampire wa bena Greke kabavua batamba kuditatshisha bua kunemekesha mikenji kudi bena Yuda nansha. Bualu ebu buakunzuluila Yudase njila bua kusuminyina ne mvita yende too ne ku biibi bia Yeruzaleme. Mu Tshisua-munene 165 K.B.B. (anyi pamu’apa mu 164 K.B.B.), yeye ne basalayi bende bakakuata ntempelo, kukezulabu mpanza yende ne kumujidila tshiakabidi—bidimu bisatu kunyima kua dimunyanga. Bena Yuda batu bavuluka muanda eu tshidimu tshionso mu Hanukkâh, difesto dia dibanjija.
Malu a tshididi adi apita kumpala kua bulamate kudi Nzambi
Bipatshila bia buntomboji biakakumbana. Bakumbusha mikenji ivua ikandika dilonda Buena-Yuda. Bakapingaja tshiakabidi ditendelela ne difila milambu mu ntempelo. Bu muvuabu ne disanka mpindieu, ba-Hasidim bakumbuka mu tshiluilu tshia Yudase Makabeye ne kupinganabu ku mabu. Kadi Yudase uvua ne meji makuabu. Uvua ne tshiluilu tshilongesha bimpe, nenku bua tshinyi kubenga kuenza natshi mudimu bua kupetela bena Yuda dipanda? Malu a Nzambi avua majudije buntomboji avua mpindieu mapingana kudi tubingila tua malu a tshididi. Nenku mvita yakatungunuka.
Muikale ukeba dikuatshisha bua kuluisha bukokeshi bua bena Greke, Yudase Makabeye wakatua ndondo ne Roma. Nansha muakamushipabu mu mvita mu 160 K.B.B., bana babu bakatungunuka ne mvita. Yonatane muanabu ne Yudase wakenza bua se: bakokeshi bena Greke bitabe ditekibua diende bu muakuidi munene ne mukokeshi mu Yuda muikale ku bulombodi bua bumfumu buabu. Pakashimabu Yonatane, kumukuatabu ne kumushipabu mu tshifufu tshienza kudi bena Siriya, muanabu Simone—wa ndekelu ku bana babu ne Makabeye—wakamupingana. Mu bukokeshi bua Simone, bakumbusha bishadile bia ndekelu bia bukokeshi bua bena Greke (mu 141 K.B.B.). Simone wakenza tshipungidi tshipiatshipia ne Roma, ne balombodi bena Yuda bakamuitaba bu mukokeshi ne muakuidi munene. Nenku bakajadika bukokeshi budikadile bua bena Asmona mu bianza bia bena Makabeye.
Bena Makabeye bakajadika tshiakabidi ntendelelu wa mu ntempelo kumpala kua dilua dia Masiya. (Fuanyikija ne Yone 1:41, 42; 2:13-17.) Kadi, anu muvua bienzedi bia bakuidi bavua bitabe Buena-Greke binyange dieyemena dia buakuidi, dieyemena edi divua dinyukula bikole kupita mu bukokeshi bua bena Asmona. Bushuwa, bukokeshi bulombola kudi bakuidi badifile mu malu a tshididi pamutu pa mukalenge wa mu ndelanganyi ya muntu muena lulamatu Davidi kabuakatuadila bena Yuda mabenesha malelela.—2 Samuele 7:16; Musambu 89:3, 4, 35, 36.
[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 21]
Matatiya, tatuende wa Yudase Makabeye wakela lubila ne: ‘Muntu yonso udi ne lukunukunu bua Mikenji andonde’
[Mêyi a dianyisha]
Matatiya udi usengelela bena tshimuangi bena Yuda/The Doré Bible Illustrations/Dover Publications