Ba-Kolejan​—Dilonga dia Bible diakabavuija bashilangane

Ukadiku mumvue lumu lua ba-Kolejan anyi?

Kasumbu kakese aka ka bena nzambi ba mu ditunga dia Pays-Bas mu siekele wa 17 kavua kashilangane ne bitendelelu binene bia mu tshikondo atshi. Dishilangana edi divua ku tshinyi, ne ntshinyi tshitudi mua kulongela kudibu? Bua kumanya bionso ebi, tupinganayi mu tshikondo tshiabu.

MU 1587, Jacobus Arminius (anyi Jacob Harmensen) wakafika mu tshimenga tshia Amsterdam. Kavua ne lutatu lua kupeta mudimu nansha, bualu uvua umanyisha muvuaye ne mamanya a bungi. Pakakumbajaye bidimu 21, wakapeta dipolome mu Université wa Leiden mu Hollande (Pays-Bas). Panyima, wakenza bidimu bisambombo mu ditunga dia Suisse, bamulongesha malu a nzambi kudi Théodore de Bèze, mupinganyi wa Jean Calvin, eu uvua Mulombodi wa bena Mishonyi. Kabiena bikemesha muvua bena Mishonyi ba mu Amsterdam bikale ne disanka dia kuteka Arminius uvua ne bidimu 27 bu umue wa bampasata babu! Kadi kunyima kua bidimu bikese, bena kuitabuja ba bungi bakanyingalala bua muvuabu bamusungule. Bua tshinyi?

Tshilumbu tshia tshimana-kufunda

Katupa kîpi panyima pa Arminius mumane kulua mpasata, dikokangana diakajuka munkatshi mua bena Mishonyi ba mu Amsterdam bua dilongesha dia tshimana-kufunda. Dilongesha edi divua nshindamenu wa Buena-Calvin, kadi bamue bena kuitabuja bakela meji ne: Nzambi uvua mumane kufundila bamue lupandu ne bakuabu tshibawu uvua muena tshikisu ne mupange buakane. Balondi ba Calvin bavua batekemene se: bu muvua Arminius muikale mulongi wa Bèze, uvua mua kulongolola mmuenenu wa badiabuludi abu. Pamutu pa nanku, Arminius wakatua ku tshia badiabuludi aba, muanda eu wakapampakaja balondi ba Calvin. Mu 1593, dikokangana diakakola bikole, bena Mishonyi ba mu tshimenga etshi kufikabu too ne ku dipanduluka mu bisumbu bibidi​—aba bavua bitaba dilongesha edi ne aba bavua badibenga.

Mu bidimu bikese, dikokangana edi divua anu mu tshimenga tshimue diakapandulula bena Mishonyi ba ditunga dijima. Mu Kasuabanga 1618 nsombelu eu wakafikisha ku dikeba bua kujikija bualu ebu. Balondi ba Calvin, bakuatshisha kudi basalayi ne kudi bantu bonso bakuabu, bakabikila badiabuludi (bavuabu babikila tshikondo atshi ne: Batontolodia) mu tshipangu tshia bena ditunga, Tshipangu tshia bena Mishonyi tshia ku Dordrecht. Ku ndekelu kua tshisangilu etshi, bakambila bamfumu bonso Batontolodi bua basungule ditua tshiala pa mutshipu mufunda wa kubenga kuyisha kabidi, anyi diumbuka mu ditunga. Bantu ba bungi bakasungula bua kumbuka mu ditunga. Balondi ba Calvin ba tshisumi bakangata miaba ivua bamfumu Batontolodi bashiye. Balondi ba Calvin bakatshimuna​—ke tshivua bena mu tshipangu etshi batekemene.

Ntuadijilu ne didiunda dia ba-Kolejan

Anu bu muvuabi miaba mikuabu, tshisumbu tshia Batontolodi tshia mu musoko wa Warmond, pabuipi ne Leiden, tshiakajimija mpasata watshi. Kadi, bishilangane ne miaba mikuabu, tshisumbu etshi katshiakitaba muntu uvua tshipangu tshipingaje nansha. Kabidi, pakamba Mutontolodi kampanda kujimija muoyo wende pa kupingana mu Warmond mu 1620 bua kulama tshisumbu, bamue bena mu tshisumbu bakamubenga kabidi. Bantu aba bakavua batuadije kuenza bisangilu biabu, batendelela mu musokoko kakuyi mfumu wa tshitendelelu nansha umue bua kubambuluisha. Pashishe, bakabikila bisangilu ebi ne: Koleje ne aba bavua babuelamu ne: ba-Kolejan.

Nansha muvua tshisumbu tshia ba-Kolejan tshibange nangananga bua dipangila bampasata, kabiyi bua malongesha a nshindamenu, kabingila aku kakakanenga ne kushintuluka to. Gijsbert van der Kodde wa mu tshisumbu atshi wakamba ne: mu dienza bisangilu kabayi balombola kudi bamfumu ba tshitendelelu, bena mu kasumbu aku bavua balonda Bible bimpe menemene ne bidikija bena Kristo ba kumpala kupita ekleziya minene. Wakamba kabidi ne: bavua benze kasumbu ka bamfumu ba tshitendelelu kunyima kua lufu lua bapostolo bua bantu bavua kabayi basue kulonga mudimu wa bianza bapete midimu.

Mu 1621, Van der Kodde ne bakuabu bavua ne lungenyi bu luende bakaya kuenzela bisangilu biabu mu musoko wa Rijnsburg uvua pabuipi apu.b Kunyima kua bidimu ndambu, pakajika dikengeshangana bua mitabuja ne kulekelabu bantu balonda mitabuja makuabu, lumu lua bisangilu bia ba-Kolejan luakatangalaka mu ditunga dijima ne luakakoka “bantu ba nsombelu mishilangane,” ke muakamba mufundi wa malu a kale Siegfried Zilverberg. Kuvua Batontolodi, ba-Mennonite ne balondi ba Socin, nansha bashikuluji ba malu a nzambi ba bungi. Bamue bavua babidime. Bakuabu bavua bafundi ba tusala, bapatudi ba mikanda ku biamu, baminganga ne bena midimu ya bianza. Muena nkindi Spinoza (Benedictus de Spinoza) ne mulongeshi Johann Amos Comenius (anyi Jan Komenský), pamue ne Rembrandt van Rijn, muzodi muende lumu, bakakuata ku tshia bena mu tshisumbu etshi. Ngenyi mishilangane ivua banemeki ba Nzambi aba balue nayi ivua ne buenzeji pa ditangalaka dia mitabuja a ba-Kolejan.

Panyima pa tshidimu tshia 1640, tshisumbu etshi tshia bukole tshiakadiunda ne lukasa. Koleje (tusumbu tua ba-Kolejan) yabu yakatangalaka ne lukasa mu Rotterdam, mu Amsterdam, mu Leeuwarden ne mu bimenga bikuabu. Mulongeshi wa malu a kale Andrew C. Fix, udi wamba ne: pankatshi pa tshidimu tshia 1650 ne tshia 1700, “ba-Kolejan . . . bakalua tshimue tshia ku bisumbu bia bena nzambi bivua ne mushinga wa bungi ne bia buenzeji bukole mu Hollande wa mu siekele wa dikumi ne muanda-mutekete.”

Mitabuja a ba-Kolejan

Bu muvua dielangana meji, dilekela bantu balonda mitabuja makuabu ne diakula ne budikadidi bikale bimanyinu binene bia tshisumbu etshi, ba-Kolejan bonso muntu ku muntu bavua ne budikadidi bua kuikala ne mitabuja makuabu. Nansha nanku, bonso buabu bavua ne amue mitabuja avua abasuika pamue. Tshilejilu, ba-Kolejan bonso bavua banyisha mushinga wa didilongela dia Bible. Kolejan kampanda wakafunda ne: muntu yonso wa mu Koleje udi ne bua “kudienzela makebulula pamutu pa kufika ku dimanyina Nzambi kudi muntu mukuabu.” Bavua benza nanku. Bilondeshile mufundi wa malu a kale a ekleziya, Jacobus C. van Slee wa mu siekele wa 19, ba-Kolejan bavua ne dimanya divule dia Bible kupita bena nzambi mikuabu ba mu tshikondo atshi. Nansha baluishi babu bavua bela ba-Kolejan kalumbandi bua muvuabu bamanye mua kuenza mudimu bimpe ne Bible.

Pavua ba-Kolejan batamba kulonga Bible, bavua batamba kupatula mitabuja avua mashilangane ne a bena bitendelelu binene. Mikanda ya kubangila mu siekele wa 17 too ne wa 20 idi yumvuija amue mitabuja abu:

Ekleziya wa ku ntuadijilu. Adam Boreel, Kolejan ne muena teoloji, wakafunda mu 1644 ne: pakabuela ekleziya wa ku ntuadijilu mu malu a tshididi mu tshikondo tshia Amperere Constantin, wakashipa tshipungidi tshiende ne Kristo ne kavua kabidi ne spiritu munsantu nansha. Wakasakidila ne: bu tshipeta, malongesha a dishima akavula ne akatungunuka too ne mu tshikondo tshiende.

Dishintuluka. Dishintuluka dia mu siekele wa 16 dienzeja kudi Luther, Calvin, ne kudi bakuabu bantu kadivua ditambe kushintulula ekleziya nansha. Pamutu pa nanku, bilondeshile Galenus Abrahamsz (1622-1706), munganga ne Kolejan muende lumu, Dishintuluka diakatamba kubipisha nsombelu mu malu a ntendelelu pa kujudija milandu ne lukuna. Dishintuluka dilelela didi ne bua kukudimuna mutshima, kadi diodi kadiakenza nanku nansha.

Ekleziya ne bamulombodi. Ekleziya minene mminyanguke, idi ilonda malu a pa buloba, ne kayena ne bukokeshi bua kudi Nzambi nansha. Muntu yonso uvua wangata tshitendelelu ne mushinga uvua ne bua kuenza disungula ditambe buimpe pa kumbuka mu ekleziya uvuaye bua kabuelakanyi mu mpekatu ya ekleziya eu to. Ba-Kolejan bakamba ne: mudimu wa mfumu wa tshitendelelu udi ubengangana ne Mifundu ne udi “unyanga nsombelu wa mu nyuma wa tshisumbu tshia bena Kristo.”

Bukalenge ne Mparadizu. Daniel de Breen (1594-1664), umue wa ku bashi ba Koleje wa mu Amsterdam, wakafunda ne: Bukalenge bua Kristo kabuvua bukalenge bua mu nyuma buikale mu mutshima wa muntu nansha. Mulongeshi Jacob Ostens, Kolejan wa mu Rotterdam, wakamba ne: “bankambua betu bavua bindile milayi ya pa buloba.” Bia muomumue, ba-Kolejan bavua bindile tshikondo tshivua buloba mua kuandamuka mparadizu.

Busatu bunsantu. Bamue banene ba ba-Kolejan, benzeja kudi mitabuja a Socin, bakabenga Busatu bunsantu.c Tshilejilu, Daniel Zwicker (1621-78) wakafunda ne: dilongesha dionso didi dibengangane ne ngelelu wa meji mululame, bu mudi dia Busatu bunsantu, kadivua “ne bua kuikalaku nansha, ne ndia dishima.” Mu 1694, bakapatula nkudimuinu wa Bible mukudimuna kudi Kolejan Reijnier Rooleeuw. Bible eu uvua muandamune tshitupa tshia ndekelu tshia Yone 1:1 ne: “Ne dîyi divua nzambi” pamutu pa ngandamuinu mutangalake wa se: “Ne dîyi divua Nzambi.”d

Bisangilu bia ku lumingu

Nansha muvua ba-Kolejan bonso kabayi bumvuangana mu mitabuja abu, koleje yabu ivua mu bimenga bishilangane ivua yenza mudimu mushindu wa muomumue. Mufundi wa malu a kale Van Slee udi umanyisha ne: mu matuku a ntuadijilu a tshisumbu tshia ba-Kolejan, kabavua balongolola bisangilu kumpala kua dîba nansha. Ba-Kolejan bavua bela meji ne: bilondeshile mêyi a Paulo bua mushinga wa ‘diambila bantu dîyi dia Nzambi,’ balume bonso ba munkatshi muabu bavua ne budikadidi bua kuenza miyuki kumpala kua koleje. (1 Kolinto 14:1, 3, 26) Ke bua tshinyi misangu mivule bisangilu bivua binenga too ne butuku menemene ne bamue bantu bavua babuelamu bavua “balala tulu tukole.”

Pashishe, bakabanga kulongolola bisangilu bimpe menemene. Ba-Kolejan kabavua badisangisha anu mu Dia lumingu to, kadi ne mu matuku makuabu a lumingu ku dilolo. Bua kuambuluisha ngamba-malu ne tshisumbu bua kudianjila kudilongolola bua bisangilu bionso bia tshidimu atshi, bavua ne ndongamu mututa ku biamu muikale ne mvese ya mu Bible ya dikonkonona pamue ne mêna majikila a bangamba-malu. Panyima pa bamane kutuadija tshisangilu ne musambu ne disambila, ngamba-malu uvua umvuija mvese ya mu Bible. Pavuaye ujikija, uvua ulomba bantu balume bua baleje mmuenenu wabu pa tshiena-bualu tshidiye ufuma ku diumvuija. Pashishe ngamba-malu muibidi uvua uleja mushindu wa kutumikila mvese imue-imue ayi. Bavua bajikija tshisangilu ne musambu ne disambila.

Ba-Kolejan ba mu tshimenga tshia Harlingen, mu provense wa Friesland, bavua ne mushindu wa pa buawu uvuabu benza bua bisangilu biabu bikale bienzeka anu pa dîba diabi. Ngamba-malu uvua wakula mutantshi mule upitshisha uvua ne bua kufuta tshibawu tshia makuta makese.

Mpuilu ya ditunga dijima

Ba-Kolejan bakamona kabidi mushinga wa kuenza bisangilu binene. Nenku kubangila mu 1640, ba-Kolejan ba mu ditunga dijima bavua benza luendu misangu ibidi ku tshidimu (mu muvu wa printemps ne wa été) batangile ku Rijnsburg. Fix, mufundi wa malu a kale, udi wamba ne: bisangilu ebi binene biakabambuluisha bua “kuibidilangana ne ngenyi, mmuenenu, mitabuja ne midimu ya bana babu ba kule.”

Bamue ba-Kolejan benyi bavua bafutshila nzubu ya bena musoko pavua eku bakuabu basombela mu Groote Huis, anyi Nzubu Munene wa ba-Kolejan uvua ne mishiku 30 munda. Bavua bafilamu biakudia bua bantu 60 too ne 70 bivuabu badia pamue. Kunyima kua didia, benyi aba bavua mua kuya kuendakana mu budimi bunene bua ku nzubu eu bua kubandila ‘bufuki bua Nzambi, bua kuyukila mu bupole anyi kuelangana meji.’

Nansha muvua ba-Kolejan bonso kabayi bamona batismo muikale ne mushinga, ba bungi bavua bamumona ne mushinga. Nenku, batismo wakalua muanda munene wa mu bisangilu binene ebi. Mufundi wa malu a kale Van Slee udi wamba ne: pa tshibidilu, ditambula divua dienzeka mu disambombo mu dinda. Panyima pa musambu ne disambila bavua benza muyuki wa batismo. Pashishe ngamba-malu uvua ulomba bantu bakulumpe bavua basue kutambula bua kujikula ditabuja diabu, pa kuamba ne: “Ndi ngitabuja ne: Yezu Kristo m’Muana wa Nzambi udi ne muoyo.” Bamane kujikija muyuki ne disambila, bonso bavuapu bavua baya ku tshina tshia mâyi kuvuabu batambuishangana ne bamona muvua balume ne bakaji batua binu mu tshina atshi, bua mâyi kubakuatshilawu pa makaya. Pashishe eu uvua utambuisha uvua winyika bitekete-bitekete mutu wa muena kuitabuja mupiamupia too ne muinshi mua mâyi. Kunyima kua ntambu, bonso bavua bapingana pa miaba yabu bua kuteleja muyuki mukuabu.

Mu Disambombo pa dîba 5 wa dilolo, tshisangilu tshia dituku adi tshivua tshituadija ne dibala dia mvese mikese ya mu Bible, musambu ne disambila. Bua kushindika ne: kuvua anu ngamba-malu kampanda pabuipi, koleje ya mu Rotterdam, mu Leiden, mu Amsterdam, ne mu provense wa Hollande-Septentrionale ivua ituma bangamba-malu bua mpuilu yonso, koleje yonso wende musangu. Dia lumingu mu dinda divua dilamina musekelelu wa Didia dia Mukalenge. Kunyima kua muyuki, disambila ne musambu, bantu balume ne pashishe bantu bakaji bavua badia diampa ne banua mvinyo. Bavua benza miyuki ya bungi mu Dia lumingu ku dilolo, ne mu Dimue mu dinda bantu bonso bavua basangila bua kuteleja muyuki wa ndekelu. Van Slee udi wamba ne: miyuki mivule ivuabu benza mu mpungilu eyi ivua ne dikuatshisha, ivua yela kashonyi pa ditumikila dia malu pamutu pa diumvuija.

Bena mu Rijnsburg bavua ne disanka bua muvua bisangilu ebi bienzekela mu musoko wabu. Mumanyi kampanda wa mu siekele wa 18 wakafunda ne: dilua dia benyi, bavua basumba biakudia ne bia kunua, divua dibuejila bena musoko eu makuta a bungi. Kabidi, kunyima kua mpungilu yonso ba-Kolejan bavua bapesha bapele ba mu Rijnsburg makuta. Kakuyi mpata, bena mu musoko eu bakadimona bu bajimije tshintu tshivua tshibapetesha lupetu pakalekelabu kuenza bisangilu ebi mu 1787. Ne kunyima, tshisumbu tshia ba-Kolejan tshiakafua. Kadi mbua tshinyi?

Tshiakafua bua tshinyi

Ku ndekelu kua siekele wa 17, dikokangana divua dijuke pa bidi bitangila mudimu wa dielangana meji mu tshitendelelu. Bamue ba-Kolejan bavua bamba ne: dielangana meji dia bantu didi ne bua kuikala ne mushinga kupita malu masokolola a Nzambi, kadi bakuabu bavua babenga. Ndekelu wa bionso dikokangana edi diakapandulula tshisumbu tshijima tshia ba-Kolejan. Anu pakafua aba bavua bakuate ku mmuenenu wa elu luseke anyi wa luseke lukuabu ke pakalua ba-Kolejan kusangila tshiakabidi. Nansha nanku, kunyima kua matapuluka aa, tshisumbu etshi “katshivua kabidi tshia muomumue nansha,” ke mudi Fix, mufundi wa malu a kale wamba.

Dilekela bantu balonda mitabuja makuabu divua ditangalake mu ekleziya ya bena Mishonyi ya mu siekele wa 18 diakenzeja padi bua tshisumbu tshia ba-Kolejan tshiye tshitangile ku difua. Pakabanga bantu ba bungi kuanyisha bikole lungenyi lua ba-Kolejan lua kushindamena pa dielangana meji ne lua dilekela bantu balonda mitabuja makuabu, “tshivua tshikale kumpala bu butoke bua pa buabu bua malongesha a ba-Kolejan bakatshimina kudi bukenke bua malongesha a Bamunyika (bena nkindi bavua bamba ne: lungenyi lua muntu ludi ne mushinga wa bungi).” Ku ndekelu kua siekele wa 18, ba-Kolejan ba bungi bakavua babuele mu ba-Mennonite ne mu nzambi mikuabu.

Bu muvua ba-Kolejan kabayi ne tshipatshila tshia kuikala ne meji amue mu tshisumbu tshiabu, kuvua mmuenenu mishilangane ya bungi munkatshi muabu. Bakajingulula bualu ebu, ke bua tshinyi kabakamba muvuabu ne “lungenyi lumue” bu mudi mupostolo Paulo ubela bena Kristo bua kuikala nalu. (1 Kolinto 1:10) Kadi pine apu ba-Kolejan bavua batekemene tshikondo tshikala mitabuja a nshindamenu a buena Kristo, bu mudi dikala ne lungenyi lumue, mua kuenzeka.

Pa kumona bua se: dimanya dilelela kadivua dianji kuvula mu matuku a ba-Kolejan, bakashiya tshilejilu tshidi bitendelelu bia bungi lelu’eu mua kutangila. (Tangila Danyele 12:4.) Dishindamena diabu pa mushinga wa kulonga Bible divua dipetangana ne mubelu wa mupostolo Paulo wa se: “Nujingulule malu onso.” (1 Tesalonike 5:21) Didilongela Bible diakalongesha Jacobus Arminius ne bakuabu bua se: amue malongesha ne bilele bivua biele miji mu bitendelelu kabivua bishindamene pa Bible nansha kakese. Pakajingululabu bualu ebu, bakapeta dikima dia kuikala bashilangane ne bitendelelu binene. Uvua mua kuikala pebe muenze bia muomumue anyi?

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 24]

Rembrandt van Rijn

[Bimfuanyi mu dibeji 26]

Musoko wa Warmond, muvua ba-Kolejan babangile kumpala, ne Musulu wa De Vliet muvuabu batambuishila bantu

[Mêyi a dianyisha bua tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 23]

Tshimfuanyi: Ne dianyisha dia American Bible Society Library, New York