Tshinyi tshidibu babikila ne: Evanjeliyo wa Yudase?

MU NGONDO muinayi wa 2006, bikandakanda bia pa buloba bujima biakakula bua malu a dikema avua bena mu kasumbu ka bamanyi bapatuile bantu mangatshila mu mukanda wa kale uvuabu babikila ne: Evanjeliyo wa Yudase. Malu au avua aleja ne: bamanyi badi bamona ne: mukanda eu newushintulule bikole mushindu udi bantu bela meji bua Yudase. Bilondeshile malu aa, Yudase uvua umueneka muikale tshilobo, mupostolo uvua mumanye Yezu bimpe menemene ne uvua mutungile Yezu bua kutumikila tshivuaye mumuambile.

Mukanda wa kale eu mmulelela anyi? Bikalabi nanku, udiku wakuila bua amue malu malelela masokoka adi atangila Yudase Isakaliote, Yezu Kristo, anyi a bena Kristo ba kumpala adi kaayi mu Bible anyi? Udiku mua kushintulula mushindu utudi tumona Kristo ne malongesha ende anyi?

DIPETA DIA TSHIDIBU BABIKILA NE: EVANJILIYO WA YUDASE

Mushindu uvuabu bapete mukanda udibu babikila ne: Evanjeliyo wa Yudase mmushale kawuyi mumanyike. Pamutu pa mukanda eu kufuminawu kudi bakebuludi ba bintu bia kale badi mua kuakuila bualu buawu, mmumueneke diakamue mu tshisalu tshia bintu bia kale ku ndekelu kua bidimu bia 1970 anyi ku ntuadijilu kua 1980. Bavua mua kuikala baupetele mu Ejipitu mu tshidimu tshia 1978 mu lukita lua kale luvua mua kuikala mu lubuebue. Uvua umue wa ku mikanda inayi ivua mifunde mu mfundilu wa kale mu muakulu wa bena Ejipitu wa kale.

Bu muvuabu bumbushe mukanda eu muaba wa luya mu Ejipitu, muaba uvuabu mua kuulama bimpe, mabeji awu akatuadija kuteketa ne kunyanguka lukasa. Bamanyi bakese bakamona mukanda eu mu 1983; kadi bu muvuawu mushinga mukole, kabakausumba to. Bu muvuabu baulengulule bidimu bia bungi ne bawuteka muaba mubi, wakatuadija kunyanguka. Mu tshidimu tshia 2000 bakawusumba kudi musumbi munene wa bintu bia kale wa mu Suisse. Bu mukavua amue mabeji a mukanda eu manyanguke bikole, ngenda mushinga eu wakawupesha bantu bavua bapiluke bikole mu diakaja ne dikuatakaja dia mikanda ya kale bavuabu bambuluisha kudi bibambalu binene bibidi. (Foundation for Ancient Art ne the National Geographic Society) Bantu aba bavua kabidi ne mudimu wa kumanya bidimu bikavua mukanda eu muenze ne kuukudimuna ne kumvuija malu adimu.

Bantu aba bakaleja ne: mukanda eu uvua mua kuikala wa mu bidimu bia nkama ibidi anyi nkama isatu bikondo bietu ebi. Kadi bamanyi bakatshinka ne: mukanda udibu babikila ne: Evanjeliyo wa Yudase uvua mu tshiena Ejipitu tshia kale, mmukudimuna bilondeshile tshiena Greke tshia ntuadijilu tshikavua tshilue tshia kale. Mukanda udibu babikila ne: Evanjeliyo wa Yudase eu uvua wa mu tshidimu kayi? Ne bavua baufundile penyi?

EVANJELIYO UDIBU BABIKILA NE: NGUA YUDASE ANYI WA MALU MASOKOKA

Mu mifundu ya Irénée (uvua uleja mudiye mufundi wa malu a bena Kristo wa mu siekele muibidi bikondo bietu ebi) ke muvuabu bakule bua musangu wa kumpala bua mukanda udibu babikila ne: Evanjeliyo wa Yudase. Mu mukanda kampanda, Irénée wakafunda bua kamue kasumbu kavua kalongesha malongesha avuaye ubenga wamba ne: “Badi bamba ne: Yudase mutungidianganyi uvua muibidilangane ne malu aa, ne yeye nkayende ke udi mumanye bulelela budi bakuabu kabayi bamanye, ne uvua mutungile Yezu bualu uvua mumanye ne: bivua bikengela kuenza nanku. Ku diambuluisha diende bintu bionso ni mbia mu diulu ne mbia pa buloba biakapeta tshibuejakaji. Bakapatula bualu bua dishima bua mushindu eu, budibu babikila ne: Evanjeliyo wa Yudase.”​—Contre les hérésies.

Irénée uvua anu ubenga nangananga malongesha a bena Kristo badi badiamba ne: mbamanye malu malelela a pa buawu masokoka. Kudi tusumbu tua bungi tua bantu badi badiamba mudibu bamanye malu malelela masokoka, tusumbu tuonso etu tudi ne watu mushindu wa kumvuija malu adibu bamba ne: mbulelela. Bantu aba badi ne malongesha mangatshila mu mifundu yabu avua matangalake mu bantu mu siekele muibidi bikondo bietu ebi.

Mifundu ya bantu aba idi itamba kuleja ne: bapostolo bende lumu ba Yezu kabavua bumvue bimpe mukenji wende to, ne kudi malongesha a Yezu masokoka avuabu bumvue kudi bantu bakese bavuaye musungule.a Bamue ba ku bantu aba bavua bitaba ne: buloba ebu buvua buloko. Ke bualu kayi Nzambi udibu babikila ne: mufuki muena Mifundu ya tshiena Ebelu uvua mushadile kudi nzambi yabu minene ivuabu bitaba. Bavua bitabuja ne: muntu udi ne dimanya dia pa buadi ke uvua mua kumvua ne: muntu udi dijinga ne kulekela mubidi wa buntu eu.

Mukanda udibu babikila ne: Evanjeliyo wa Yudase mmuimanyine pa malongesha a mushindu eu. Udi utuadija ne mêyi aa: “Mêyi masokoka avua Yezu muambile Yudase Isakaliote mu matuku asatu a mu matuku muanda mukulu, kumpala kua kuenzaye Pasaka.”

Mikanda ya kale eyi ke ivua Irénée muakuile bualu buayi, ivuabu balue kuamba ne: ivua mijimine kukadi bidimu bia bungi anyi? Marvin Meyer umue wa ku bantu bavua bakonkonone ne bakudimune mukanda eu udi wamba ne: “Malu makese tshianana adi Irénée mufunde ke adi apetangana ne mukanda udibu babikila ne: Evanjeliyo wa Yudase mufunde mu tshiena Ejipitu tshia kale.”

BAMANYI BATSHIDI BALAKANA BUA EVANJELIYO YUDASE

Mu mukanda udibu babikila ne: Evanjeliyo wa Yudase mbakulamu mudi Yezu useka bayidi bende bibi bua mudibu kabayi ne dimanya dikumbane. Kadi Yudase ke umue wa ku bapostolo 12 uvua muleje mudiye mumvue bimpe tshidi bumuntu bulelela bua Yezu. Ke bualu kayi Yezu mmuyukile nende malu adibu bamba ne: mmalu masokoka a bukalenge.

Kasumbu ka kumpala ka bamanyi kavua kakudimune mukanda udibu babikila ne: Evanjeliyo wa Yudase kavua kalonde bivua Irénée muambe. Mu nkudimuinu wabu mbaleje ne: Yezu uvua munange bikole Yudase ne uvua umumona bu muyidi uvua mua kumvua bimpe malu masokoka ne kubuela mu tshidibu babikila ne: bukalenge bua nzambi. Nansha muvua bapostolo badishime bua kupingaja muntu mukuabu pa muaba wa Yudase, kadi Yudase uvua ne bua kupeta difutu dinene kupita bayidi bakuabu bonso bualu uvua muambuluishe Yezu bua kulekelaye mubidi wende wa bumuntu.

Bapatudi ba mikanda bende lumu bu mudi Bart Ehrman ne Elaine Pagels bavua kabidi bamanye bikole malu a bena Kristo ba kumpala, ne bantu badi badiamba mudibu bamanye malu malelela masokoka, bakapatula ne lukasa luonso wabu mushindu wakumvua malu adi atangila mukanda udibu babikila ne: Evanjeliyo Yudase uvua umvuangana ne nkudimuinu wa bena kasumbu ka kumpala. Kadi matuku makese pashishe, bamanyi bakuabu bu mudi April DeConick ne Birger Pearson bakaleja mmuenenu mushilangane. Bavua baleje ne: bena mu tshibambalu etshi (National Geographic Society) mbaye ne lukasa bua kuakula bua dipatuka dia nkudimuinu wa mukanda wa kale eu ku tudiomba kabayi bakonkonone malu bimpe to. April DeConick ne Birger Pearson bavua ne kanyinganyinga muvua bena mu tshibambalu etshi bapatule nkudimuinu wa mukanda eu wa kale ne lukasa luonso anu bua kukoka ntema ya bena ku tudiomba. Bakamona kabidi ne: kabavua batangilule mukanda eu mu mushindu udibi bikengala kumpala kua kuupatula to.

Nansha muvua DeConick ne Pearson badienzele mudimu muntu yonso pa nkayende, bubidi buabu bakafika ku dimona ne: bimue bitupa binene bia mukanda uvua mufunde mu mfundilu wa kale bivua bikudimuna bibi kudi bamanyi ba kumpala. Bilondeshile nkudimuinu wa DeConick, Yezu udi ubikila Yudase ne: Demon wa dikumi ne muisatu, kadi ki ne: nyuma wa dikumi ne muisatu to.b Yezu udi wambila Yudase patoke ne: kakubuela mu bukalenge to. Pamutu pa Yudase kuikalaye mupite bayidi bakuabu, Yezu udi umuambila ne: “Newenze malu mabi kupita bakuabu bonso. Bualu muntu udi umvuadika bilamba, neumufile.” Bilondeshile mmuenenu wa DeConick, mukanda udibu babikila ne: Evanjeliyo wa Yudase mmukanda wa kale udi ne malu malelela masokoka avuabu bapetula nawu bapostolo bonso. DeConick ne Pearson badi bamba ndekelu wa bionso ne: mu mukanda udibu babikila ne: Evanjeliyo wa Yudase, Yudase ki ntshilobo to.

NTSHINYI TSHITUDI TULONGELA KU EVANJELIYO UDIBU BABIKILA NE: NGUA YUDASE?

Nansha bikalabu bamone Yudase udibu bakuila mu evanjeliyo eu bu tshilobo anyi demon, kakuena mumanyi nansha umue udi mukonkonone evanjeliyo eu ne muleje ne: udi ne malu malelela to. Bart Ehrman udi uleja ne: “Mukanda eu ki Envajeliyo mufunda kudi Yudase anyi kudi umue wa ku badi bamba mudibu bamufunde to. . . . Ki Envajeliyo mufunda kudi muntu kampanda wa mu tshikondo tshia Yudase uvua mumumanye bimpe to . . . Nunku ki mmukanda udi mua kutuambila amue malu avua menzeke mu tshikondo tshivua Yezu ne muoyo pa buloba to.”

Mukanda udibu babikila ne: Evanjeliyo wa Yudase, mmukanda kampanda udibu bafunde mu tshiena Greke tshia ku ntuadijilu mu siekele muibidi bikondo bietu ebi kudi bantu badi badiamba mudibu bamanye malu malelela masokoka. Bamanyi batshidi anu belakana bua kumanya bikala malu adi mu mukanda udibu babikila ne: Evanjeliyo wa Yudase udibu bapete matuku aa apetangana ne avua Irénée muakuile. Kadi bualu bumue bulelela budibu baleja mu mukanda udibu babikila ne: Evanjeliyo wa Yudase budi anu bua ne: kuvua tshikondo tshivua bena Kristo ba dishima babueje malongesha abu nkayabu avua mabatapulule mu tusumbu tushilashilangane. Pamutu pa kujadika mudi Bible muikale mukanda mubi, mukanda udibu babikila ne: Evanjeliyo wa Yudase eu udi ujadika didimuija dia bapostolo, tshilejilu bu mudi mêyi a Paulo adi mu Bienzedi 20:29, 30 adi amba ne: “Ndi mumanye ne: pandi ngumbuka, . . . munkatshi muenu nuenu nemujuke bantu bakula malu makonyangale bua kukoka bayidi mu nyima muabu.”