Mudi Bible mufike kutudi lelu

Bible wakalamibua bimpe kufika ne mu matuku etu aa malu adimu kaayi manyanga. Etshi si ntshishima. Mbajikije kumufunda kukadi bidimu bipite pa 1 900. Bavua bamufundile pa bintu bivua bilua kunyanguka, mmumue ne: pa mabeji menza ne nyandu anyi papirise ne pa bintu bivuabu benze ne biseba bia nyama, ne pakamufundabu uvua mu miakulu idi bantu ba bungi kabatshiyi bakula lelu to. Bualu bukuabu, bantu bavua ne bukokeshi bua bungi bu mudi bakokeshi ne bamfumu ba bitendelelu bakenza muabu muonso bua kubutula Bible.

MMUNYI muvua mukanda wa pa buawu eu mupanduke buoya ku tshibala bidimu ne bidimu bua kuluawu mukanda ukadi too ne bana batekete bamanye? Tukonkonone malu abidi tshianana.

Mikanda ya bungi ivuabu batentule mmilame malu adimu

Bena Isalele bavua balami ba mikanda ya kumpala ya mu Bible ivuabu bafunde. Bavua balame mivungu ya ntuadijilu bimpe menemene ne bayitentule mu mivungu mikuabu ya bungi. Tshilejilu, bavua bambile mukalenge yonso wa mu Isalele bua kufunda mukanda “utentulamu Mikenji eyi, uyitentula mu mukanda udi bakuidi bena Lewi nawu.”​—Dutelonome 17:18.

Bena Isalele ba bungi bavua banange kubala Mifundu, bualu bavua bamanye ne: nDîyi dia Nzambi. Nanku bafundi ke bavua batentula Mifundu bimpe menemene benza bua kabatupakanyi to, bualu bobu ke bavua bayimanye bikole. Mbakule bua umue wa kudibu diende Ezela, muntu uvua utshina Nzambi, bamba ne: uvua “mutentudi wa mikanda uvua mumanye bimpe menemene Mikenji ya Mose ivua Yehowa Nzambi wa Isalele mufile.” (Ezela 7:6) Bamasorete bavua batentule Mifundu ya tshiena Ebelu anyi “Dipungila dikulukulu” pankatshi pa bidimu bia 500 ne bia 900 P. Y bavua babala too ne maleta a mu bivuabu batentula bua kakuikadi bilema to. Ditentula Mifundu mu mushindu wa kuepuka bilema mushindu eu diakambuluisha bua kulama bujalame buayi ne kuenza bua Bible apanduke nansha muvua baluishi bavua badisuike bua kumubutula kabayi batshioka.

Tshilejilu, mu 168 K.Y, mukalenge wa Sulia Antiochus muinayi wakajinga bua kubutula mivungu yonso ya Mifundu ya tshiena Ebelu ivuabu batentule ivuaye upeta mu Palestine. Mukanda kampanda wa malu a kale a bena Yuda udi wamba ne: “Mivungu yonso ivuabu bapeta bavua bayipanda bayosha.” Tshibungu tshikuabu tshia mukanda tshidi tshiamba ne: “Bantu bavuabu bapeshe mudimu wa kubutula mivungu ayi bakawukumbaja kakuyi bilele to . . . Muntu yonso uvuabu bapeta ne mukanda wa tshijila . . . bavua bamushipa.” (The Jewish Encyclopedia) Kadi Mifundu ivuabu batentule yakapanduka munkatshi mua bena Yuda bavua mu Palestine ne mu matunga makuabu.

Katupa kakese difunda dia Mifundu ya mu tshiena Greke ya buena Kristo anyi “Dipungila dipiadipia” dimana kujika, bakatentula mikanda ya mu Mifundu ayi ivuabu batumine bisumbu, mêyi a buprofete avuamu ne malu makuabu avuabu balondamu. Bionso bivuabu batentule abi bivua bifunda ku bukole bua nyuma ne biakatangalaka mu bantu bikole. Tshilejilu, Yone uvua mufundile Evanjeliyo wende mu Efeso anyi pabuipi ne Efeso. Bakalua kutentula Evanjeliyo au, ne tshipese tshia Evanjeliyo uvuabu batentule au bakalua kutshisangana ntanta wa kilometre nkama ne nkama, mu Ejipitu. Bamanyi ba malu a mu Bible badi bela meji ne: bavua batentule Evanjeliyo au bidimu bishadile ku 50 panyima pa bamane kumufunda. Tshipese tshia Evanjeliyo tshivuabu bapete atshi tshivua tshileja ne: bena Kristo ba mu matunga a kule bavua ne Mifundu mifundisha ku nyuma ivuabu bafuma kuditentula.

Divulangana dia Dîyi dia Nzambi bikole diakenza padi bua dipanduke bidimu nkama ne nkama panyima pa Yezu. Tshilejilu, badi bamba ne: mu dinda dia 23/2/303, Dioclétien mukalenge wa bena Lomo uvua mumone basalayi bende batula biibi bia tshitendelelu kampanda ne buosha mifundu ya tshijila. Uvua wela meji ne: pavuaye ubutula mifundu ya tshijila uvua ujimija buena Kristo. Dikutu diakalonda, wakatuma dîyi bua buoshe Bible yonso ivua mu Lomo mujima bantu bitangile. Kadi imue Bible yakapanduka, bobu kulua kuyivudija. Bitupa binene bia Bible ibidi ya mu tshiena Greke ivuabu batentule pamuapa matuku makese panyima pa buluishi buvua Dioclétien uluisha Bible bitshidiku too ne lelu. Bible umue udi mu Lomo; mukuabu udi mu tshilaminu tshia mikanda ku Londres.

Kabatu banji kupeta muvungu nansha umue wa ku ivuabu bafundile Bible bua musangu wa kumpala to. Nansha nanku, Bible binunu ne binunu ivuabu batentule ku bianza, mijima anyi bitupa biayi, itshidiku too ne lelu. Imue ya kudiyi nya kale bikole. Mukenji uvua mu Mifundu ya ku ntuadijilu mmushintuluke bualu mbalue kuwutentulula anyi? Green mumanyi wa malu a mu Bible udi wamba bua Mifundu ya tshiena Ebelu ne: “Tudi mua kuamba ne dituishibua dionso ne: kakuena mukanda mukuabu wa kale udibu batentuile bantu ne bujalame buonso bu mudi Bible to.” Bua Mifundu ya mu tshiena Greke ya buena Kristo, munene kampanda udi utangila Bible mifunda ku tshianza diende Frederic Kenyon wakafunda ne: “Ntanta udi pankatshi pa bikondo bivuabu bafunde Mifundu ya ntuadijilu ne mikanda ya kale ituvua nayi mmulue mukese menemene ne ngua kulengulula, kabidi ne: malu a ndekelu avua atusaka bua kuela mpata ya ne: Mifundu idi mifike kutudi ki mmijalame kaatshiena mpindieu a kulonda to. Mpindieu tudi mua kumona bimpe ne: mikanda ya mu Dipungila dipiadipia mmilelela ya kueyemena ne yonso mmijima ne bujima buayi.” Wakamba kabidi ne: “Tudi mua kuamba ne dishindika dionso ne: mu kuamba kuimpe, mifundu ya mu Bible mmilamibue yonso ne bujima buayi. . . . Kakuena mukanda mukuabu wa kale pa buloba apa udibu mua kuamba nunku to.”

Dikudimuna dia Bible

Bualu bunene buibidi budi buambuluishe bua Bible alue kumanyika lelu too ne kudi bana batekete ndikala diende mu miakulu ya bungi. Bualu ebu budi bupetangana ne tshidi Nzambi mulongolole tshia ne: bantu ba bisamba bionso ne miakulu yonso bafike ku dimumanya ne ku dimutendelela “ne nyuma ne bulelela.”​—Yone 4:23, 24; Mika 4:2.

Nkudimuinu wa kumpala wa Mifundu ya mu tshiena Ebelu udi mumanyike uvua wa Septante uvua mu tshiena Greke. Bavua bamukudimune bua bena Yuda bavua bakula tshiena Greke kadi kabayi basombele mu Palestine to. Bakajikija dikudimuna Bible au bidimu bitue ku 200 kumpala kua Yezu kutuadijaye mudimu wende pa buloba. Bakakudimuna Bible mujima, kusangisha ne Mifundu ya mu tshiena Greke ya buena Kristo mu miakulu ya bungi nkama ya bidimu mikese bamane kumujikija. Kadi pashishe, bakalenge, too ne bakuidi bavua mua kuenza muabu muonso bua bantu bikale ne Bible, bakenza bobu tshia tshianana. Bakuidi bakakeba bua kulama mikoko yabu mu mîdima ya mu nyuma, kubengabu bua bakudimune Dîyi dia Nzambi mu miakulu ivua bantu bakula.

Bamue bantu bavua ne dikima bakela bitendelelu ne mbulamatadi munu mukana, kutekabu mioyo yabu mu njiwu bua kukudimuna Bible mu muakulu uvua bantu bakula. Tshilejilu, mu 1530, William Tyndale muena mu Angleterre uvua mulongele mu tshilongelu tshia Oxford wakakudimuna mikanda itanu ya kumpala ya mu Mifundu ya mu tshiena Ebelu. Nansha muvuaku buluishi bukole, yeye wakalua muntu wa kumpala uvua mukudimune Bible mu Anglais ukudimuina ku tshiena Ebelu musangu umue. Tyndale ke uvua kabidi mukudimunyi wa kumpala wa mu Angleterre uvua mufunde dîna dia Yehowa. Mumanyi wa malu a mu Bible muena mu Espagne diende Casiodoro de Reina uvua mu njiwu ya lufu tshikondo tshionso tshivuaye ukudimuna umue wa ku nkudimuinu ya kumpala ya Bible mu tshiena Espagne. Bu muvua baluishi bena Katolike benda bamulondakaja, wakaya mu Angleterre, pashishe mu Allemagne, mu France, mu Hollande ne mu Suisse bua kujikija mudimu wende.a

Lelu, bungi bua miakulu idibu benda bakudimuna Bible budi anu buenda buvula, ne badi bamupatula miliyo ne miliyo. Bu mudiye mupanduke bua kuluaye mukanda mumanya ne kudi bana batekete, bidi bijadika bualu buvua mupostolo Petelo muambe ku bukole bua nyuma muimpe ebu: “Tshisonsa tshidi tshifubidila, ne tshilongo tshidi tshimata, kadi dîyi dia Yehowa didi dishalaku kashidi.”​—1 Petelo 1:24, 25.

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

[Kazubu/​Bimfuanyi]

NNKUDIMUINU KAYI WA BIBLE UNDI NE BUA KUBALA?

Mu miakulu ya bungi mudi nkudimuinu mishilashilangane ya Bible. Imue nkudimuinu idi ne ngakuilu mukole wa tshiena kale. Mu mikuabu yoyi bakudimunyi mbaye benda bumvuija malu muvuabu basue bua dibala dikale dipepele kadi kayiyi mijalame to. Kudi mikuabu payi idibu bakudimune ku muaku ku muaku.

Nkudimuinu wa mu Anglais wa Bible​—Nkudimuinu wa bulongolodi bupiabupia udibu bapatule kudi Bantemu ba Yehowa, bavua bamukudimuine musangu umue ku miakulu ivuabu bafunde Bible bua musangu wa kumpala. Mbamukudimune kudi kasumbu ka bantu badibu kabayi baleje mêna abu. Nkudimuinu eu wakambuluisha bua kuluabu kukudimuna nkudimuinu mikuabu mu miakulu mitue ku 60. Kadi bakudimunyi ba miakulu ayi bavua batamba kutangila mu Mifundu ya mu miakulu ya ntuadijilu. Tshipatshila tshia Bible wa nkudimuinu wa bulongolodi bupiabupia ntshia kukudimuna Mifundu ya mu miakulu ya ntuadijilu ku muaku ku muaku muaba wonso udi kuenza nanku kakuyi kunyanga ngumvuilu wa tshidibu bambe to. Bakudimunyi batu bakeba bua babadi ba lelu bumvue pabu Bible bimpe anu muvua babadi ba tshikondo tshia kale bumvua Mifundu mu miakulu ivuabu bayifunde ku ntuadijilu.

Bamue bamanyi ba miakulu mbakonkonone nkudimuinu ya Bible ya matuku aa, kusangisha ne Bible wa nkudimuinu wa bulongolodi bupiabupia bua kumona miaba idibu bakudimune bibi anyi bua kumona mishindu kampanda ivua bakudimunyi bakudimune Mifundu ya mu miakulu ya ntuadijilu mu mushindu mubi uvuabu basue. Umue wa kudibu nJason BeDuhn, umue wa ku balombodi ba malonga a malu a ntendelelu mu iniversite wa ku nord kua Arizona mu États-Unis. Mu 2003 wakapatula mukanda wa mabeji 200 uvua wakula bua Bible tshitema ya ku “Bible idibu babala bikole mu matunga adibu bakula Anglais.”b Mudimu wende uvua wa kukonkonona mvese ya bungi ya mu Mifundu idi ibengangana, bualu muaba au ke udi lungenyi lukavua nalu bakudimunyi mua kunyanga nkudimuinu bikole.” Pavuaye ukonkonona mvese ya mu nkudimuinu yonso wa mu Anglais, utangila kabidi muvuabu bafunde mvese ayi mu tshiena Greke bua kumona bikale lungenyi lukavua nalu bakudimunyi mua kuikala lunyange nkudimuinu wa mvese ayi. Ntshinyi tshiakambaye ku ndekelu kua mudimu wende?

BeDuhn udi uleja ne: babadi ba Bible ne bamanyi ba malu a mu Bible mbamone ne: Bible wa nkudimuinu wa bulongolodi bupiabupia mmushilangane ne Bible mikuabu bualu bakudimunyi mbamukudimune bilondeshile mitabuja abu. Kadi wakamba ne: “Bible wa nkudimuinu wa bulongolodi bupiabupia mmutambe kushilangana ne Bible mikuabu bualu yeye mmukudimuna ne bujalame bua menemene, malu adimu mmakudimuna ku muaku ku muaku, mikale anu muvuawu mu Mifundu ya ntuadijilu.” Nansha mudi BeDuhn kayi witaba mudibu bakudimune imue mvese mu Bible wa nkudimuinu wa bulongolodi bupiabupia, udi wamba ne: “Ku nkudimuinu yonso ya Bible indi mufuanyikije, eu yeye muyipite yonso bualu udi ne malu majalame menemene.” Udi umubikila ne: “Nkudimuinu muimpe mupite yonso.”

Kedar mulongeshi munene ne mumanyi wa muakulu wa tshiena Ebelu wakamba pende bualu bua muomumue bua Bible wa nkudimuinu wa bulongolodi bupiabupia. Mu 1989 wakamba ne: “Mukanda eu udi uleja mushindu udibu baditatshishe ne muoyo umue bua kufikisha bantu ku diumvua Bible ne bujalame buonso. . . . tshitu muanji kubala muaba nansha umue mu Bible wa nkudimuinu wa bulongolodi bupiabupia udi ne lungenyi lua kushintulula tshidi Mifundu miambe menemene to.”

Diebeja ne: ‘Ndi mbala Bible ne tshipatshila kayi? Ntu musue Bible udi mupepele bua kubala kadi kayi wamba malu mudiwu menemene anyi? Peshi ndi musue kubala Bible udi ne malu adi apetangana bimpe ne Mifundu ya ku ntuadijilu ivuabu bafunde ku bukole bua nyuma?’ (2 Petelo 1:20, 21) Tshipatshila tshiudi natshi ke tshiakuleja nkudimuinu uudi musue kubala.

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

[Tshimfuanyi]

“Bible​—Nkudimuinu wa bulongolodi bupiabupia” udi mu miakulu ya bungi

[Tshimfuanyi]

Mifundu ya Bamasorete

[Tshimfuanyi]

Tshipese tshia muvungu tshikale ne Luka 12:7, “. . .Kanutshinyi to; nudi ne mushinga kupita mishamisha ya bungi”

[Mêyi a dianyisha bua bimfuanyi]

Dibeji dia pa mpala: National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg; dibidi ne disatu: Bibelmuseum, Münster; dia panyima: © The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin