Nshapita Wa Tshitema

Nnganyi Wakokesha pa Buloba?

1-3. Umvuija tshilota ne bikena-kumona bivua Danyele mumone mu tshidimu tshia kumpala tshia bukokeshi bua Beleshasâ.

MULAYI udi ukoka ntema wa Danyele udi mpindieu utupingaja mu tshidimu tshia kumpala tshia Beleshasâ Mukalenge wa bena Babulona. Danyele ukadi muenze bidimu bia bungi mu bupika mu Babulona, kadi lulamatu luende kudi Yehowa ki nduanji kuteketa nansha kakese. Mpindieu udiye ne bidimu 70 ne pamutu, muprofete eu wa lulamatu udi ulota ‘tshilota ne umona bikena-kumona ku mutu wende padiye mu bulalu buende.’ Kadi bikena-kumona ebi bidi bimukuatshisha buôwa bikole!—Danyele 7:1, 15.

² Danyele udi ukema wamba ne: ‘[Meme] e kumona, mpepele inayi ya mu diulu yakapepa pa mutu pa mâyi manene. Nyama minene inayi yakapatuka mu mâyi manene, kayiyi mifuanangane, nyama mukuabu mushilangane ne mukuabu.’ Nnyama kayipu eyi idi ikemesha! Wa kumpala nntambue muikale ne mapuapua, ne muibidi mmufuanangane ne nyama wa ours. Pashishe nkashama udi ulonda muikale ne mapuapua anayi ne mitu inayi! Nyama muinayi wa bukole bua bungi menemene udi ne mênu manene a biamu ne nsengu dikumi. Munkatshi mua nsengu yende dikumi eyi mudi mumena lusengu “lukese” luikale ne “mesu bu a muntu” ne ‘mukana muamba mêyi a diambu.’—Danyele 7:2-8.

³ Pashishe bikena-kumona bia Danyele bidi bibanga kumuleja malu a mu diulu. Wa Kale wa Matuku a Bungi mmusombe mu nkuasa wa bukalenge mu butumbi, muikale Nzuji ulumbuluisha ku Tshilumbuluidi tshia mu diulu. ‘Banjelu binunu ne binunu badi bamukuatshila mudimu, banjelu binunu dikumi misangu binunu dikumi mbimane kumpala kuende.’ Udi upisha nyama eyi, uyinyenga bukokeshi ne ubutula nyama muinayi. Bukokeshi bua kashidi bua ‘bantu bonso, ba bisamba bionso ne ba miaku yonso’ udi ubupesha “mukuabo mufuane muana wa muntu.”—Danyele 7:9-14.

4. (a) Nnganyi uvua Danyele mulombe bua amujinguluile malu patoke? (b) Bua tshinyi malu avua Danyele mumone ne mumvue butuku abu adi ne mushinga kutudi?

⁴ Danyele udi wamba ne: ‘Meme, Danyele, mutshima wanyi wakalubakana munda muanyi, bikena-kumona bia ku mutu wanyi biakankuatshisha buôwa.’ Ke bualu kayi udi ulomba muanjelu bua ‘amujinguluile malu au onso patoke.’ Muanjelu udi umumanyisha “dijingulula dia malu au.” (Danyele 7:15-28) Malu avua Danyele mumone ne mumvue butuku abu adi ne mushinga wa bungi kutudi, bualu avua aleja mianda ivua ne bua kulua kuenzeka pa buloba too ne mu tshikondo tshietu etshi, tshidi “mukuabo mufuane muana wa muntu” wangata bukokeshi ku mutu kua “bantu bonso, ba bisamba bionso ne ba miaku yonso.” Ku diambuluisha dia Dîyi dia Nzambi ne nyuma wende, tuetu petu tudi mua kujingulula diumvuija dia bikena-kumona ebi bia tshiprofete.a

NYAMA INAYI IDI IPATUKA MU MÂYI MANENE

5. Mâyi manene masampula kudi tshipepele adi tshimfuanyi tshia tshinyi?

⁵ Danyele wakamba ne: ‘Nyama minene inayi yakapatuka mu mâyi manene.’ (Danyele 7:3) Mâyi manene aa masampula kudi tshipepele avua tshimfuanyi tshia tshinyi? Kunyima kua bidimu bia bungi, mupostolo Yone wakamona nyama wa luonji wa mitu muanda mutekete upatuka mu ‘mâyi manene.’ Mâyi manene au avua tshimfuanyi tshia “bantu ne bisumbu bia bantu, ne bisamba, ne miaku,” tshitupa tshinene tshia bantu badi kule ne Nzambi. Nunku mâyi manene aa adi tshimfuanyi tshiakanyine tshia bantu badi kule ne Nzambi.—Buakabuluibua 13:1, 2; 17:15; Yeshaya 57:20.

6. Nyama inayi idi tshimfuanyi tshia tshinyi?

⁶ Muanjelu wa Nzambi wakamba ne: ‘Nyama eyi minene idi bamfumu banayi, badi bapatuka mu buloba.’ (Danyele 7:17) Bulelela, muanjelu wakaleja ne: nyama inayi ivua Danyele mumone ivua ‘bamfumu banayi.’ Nanku nyama eyi idi ileja makokeshi a bukole. Kadi mmakokeshi kayi au?

7. (a) Ntshinyi tshidi bamue bumvuiji ba malu a Bible bamba bua tshikena-kumona tshia Danyele tshia nyama inayi ne lupingu lunene luvua Mukalenge Nebukadenesâ mulote? (b) Ntshinyi tshidi tshionso tshia ku bitupa binayi bia tshiamu bia lupingu tshileja?

⁷ Bumvuiji ba malu a mu Bible batu misangu mivule baleja diumvuangana pankatshi pa tshikena-kumona tshia Danyele tshia nyama inayi ne tshilota tshia Nebukadenesâ tshia lupingu lunene. Tshilejilu, Bible wa Pirot-Clamer udi wamba ne: “Nyama minene inayi [mu Danyele nshapita wa 7] idi ipetangana ne bitupa binayi bia lupingu luvua Nebukadenesâ mumone mu tshilota, [mu nshapita 2].” Bible wa Traduction Œcuménique de la Bible udi wamba pende ne: “Nyama inayi idi ipatuka mu mâyi manene idi ileja dilondangana dia ampire ya bantu, bilondeshile mushindu ukavuabu baleje mu nshapita 2.” Makokeshi a bukole anayi maleja kudi biamu binayi bia lupingu lua mu tshilota tshia Nebukadenesâ avua: Ampire wa bena Babulona (mutu wa or), bena Madai ne bena Pelasa (tshiadi ne maboko bia argent), Gelika (difu ne bidimba bia tshiamu tshia mitaku), ne Ampire wa bena Lomo (mikolo ya tshiamu tshifike).b (Danyele 2:32, 33) Mpindieu tumonayi mudi makalenge aa apetangana ne nyama minene inayi ivua Danyele mumone.

LUONJI BU NTAMBUE, LUBILU BU NYUNYI WA MUKANKU

8. (a) Ntshinyi tshiakumvuija Danyele bua nyama wa kumpala? (b) Nyama wa kumpala uvua uleja ampire kayi, ne mmunyi muakenzaye malu bu nyama wa ntambue?

⁸ Nyama ivua Danyele mumone ivua minene ya dikema! Danyele wakumvuija mushindu uvua umue, wamba ne: ‘Wa kumpala wakadi bu nyama wa ntambue, wakadi ne mapuapua bu nyunyi wa mukanku. Pangakadi ntangila, bakatula mapuapua ende, bakamujula panshi, bakamuimanyika ku makasa abidi bu muntu, bakamupa mutshima bu wa muntu.’ (Danyele 7:4) Nyama eu uvua uleja bukokeshi bua muomumue ne buvuabu baleje kudi mutu wa or wa lupingu lunene: Bukokeshi bua Bukole bua bena Babulona (607-539 K.B.B.). Anu bu “ntambue” utu udiangana, Babulona wakadia matunga makuabu ne tshikisu, munkatshi muawu muvua bantu ba Nzambi. (Yelemiya 4:5-7; 50:17) Muenze anu bu uvua ne mapuapua a nyunyi wa mukanku, “ntambue” eu wakaya bu uvua wenda ubuka, wenda utshimuna matunga ne tshikisu tshionso.—Muadi wa Yelemiya 4:19; Habakuka 1:6-8.

9. Mmalu kayi avua mashintuluke kudi nyama eu uvua mufuane ntambue, ne mmunyi muakamutatshishabi?

⁹ Panyima, ‘bakatula mapuapua’ a ntambue eu wa pa buende. Pabuipi ne ku ndekelu kua bukokeshi bua mukalenge Beleshasâ, Babulona katshivua kabidi ne lubilu mu ditshimuna matunga ne kavua kabidi ne bukokeshi ku mutu kua matunga bu nyama wa ntambue nansha. Lubilu luende luvua mpindieu bu lua muntu unyemena ku makasa ende abidi. Wakateketa bualu bavua bamupeshe “mutshima bu wa muntu.” Bu muvuaye kayi kabidi ne “mutshima wa nyama wa ntambue,” Babulona kavua mua kuenza kabidi malu bu mukalenge “munkatshi mua nyama ya muitu” nansha. (Tangila 2 Samuele 17:10; Mika 5:8.) Nyama mukuabu munene wakamutshimuna.

UDIA NE LUONJI BU NYAMA WA OURS

10. Mmulongo kayi wa bakokeshi uvua nyama wa “ours” uleja?

¹⁰ Danyele wakamba ne: ‘Monayi! Nyama muibidi wakadiku, mufuanangane ne nyama wa ours, wakadi mulale kabese, wakadi ne mifuba ya mbavu isatu mukana muende mikuata ku mênu ende; bakamuela dîyi ne: Juka, udie munyinyi wa bungi.’ (Danyele 7:5) Mukalenge uvuabu baleje mu tshimfuanyi kudi nyama wa “ours” uvua umue-umue uvuabu baleje mu tshimfuanyi kudi tshiadi ne maboko bia tshiamu tshia argent bia lupingu lunene: mulongo wa bakokeshi bena Madai ne bena Pelasa (539-331 K.B.B.) wakabangisha ne Dayawesha muena Madai ne Kolesha Munene ne kujikawu ne Dayawesha III.

11. Dilala kabese dia ours wa mu tshimfuanyi ne diambula mbavu isatu ku mênu bidi biumvuija tshinyi?

¹¹ Ours wa mu tshimfuanyi “wakadi mulale kabese,” pamu’apa bua kuikala mudilongolole bua kuluisha ne kutekesha matunga ne pashishe kuikala mukokeshi wa bukole. Kabidi dilala kabese edi divua mua kuikala ne tshipatshila tshia kuleja ne: mulongo wa bakokeshi bena Pelasa uvua ne bua kutamba anu mukalenge umuepele wa bena Madai, Dayawesha. Mbavu isatu ivua ours mukuate ku mênu ivua mua kuikala ileja masangu asatu akalondaye wenda ukuata matunga. Nyama wa “ours” udi muikale tshimfuanyi tshia bena Madai ne bena Pelasa wakaya ku nôde bua kukuata Babulona mu 539 K.B.B. Pashishe wakaya mutangile ku wesete, kupitshilaye mu Asia Mukese ne mu Thrace. Ku ndekelu, “ours” wakaya ku sude bua kukuata Ejipitu. Bu mutu imue misangu tshishiferi isatu tshileja bunene bua bualu, mbavu isatu idi mua kuikala ileja kabidi lukuka ludi nalu ours wa mu tshimfuanyi eu bua kukuata matunga.

12. Ntshinyi tshiakenzeka pakatumikila nyama wa ours mêyi a se: “Juka, udie munyinyi wa bungi”?

¹² Nyama wa “ours” wakaluisha matunga bua kukumbaja mêyi akamuambilabu ne: “Juka, udie munyinyi wa bungi.” Pakakululabu Babulona bilondeshile disua dia Nzambi, Bukokeshi bua bukole bua bena Madai ne bena Pelasa buvua ne mushindu wa kuambuluisha bantu ba Yehowa bikole. Ne ke tshiakenzabu mene! (Bala tshiena-bualu tshia: “Mfumu wa muoyo wa luse,” mu dibeji dia 149.) Ku diambuluisha dia Kolesha Munene, Dayawesha I (anyi Dayawesha Munene), ne Atashasete I, bena Madai ne bena Pelasa bakalekela bena Yuda bavua Babulona mukuate ku bupika, ne bakabambuluisha bua kuibakulula ntempelo wa Yehowa ne kulongolola ngumbu ya Yelushalema. Mu bungi bua matuku, bena Madai ne bena Pelasa bakafika ku dikokesha distrike mipite pa 127, ne bayende wa Mukalenge-mukaji Esetê, Ahashawelosha (Shasete I), uvua ‘ukokesha bantu ku Inde too ne ku Atiopa.’ (Esetê 1:1) Kadi nyama mukuabu uvua ne bua kujuka kabidi.

NE LUBILU BU NKASHAMA MUIKALE NE MAPUAPUA!

13. (a) Nyama muisatu uvua tshimfuanyi tshia tshinyi? (b) Ntshinyi tshitudi mua kuamba bua lubilu lua nyama muisatu ne bua tshitupa tshivuaye ukokesha?

¹³ Nyama muisatu uvua ‘mufuanangane ne nkashama, wakadi ne mapuapua anayi bu a nyunyi pa nyima pende. Nyama eu wakadi ne mitu inayi kabidi, bakamupa bukokeshi.’ (Danyele 7:6) Anu bu muvuabi bua tshivua difu ne bidimba bia tshiamu tshia mitaku bia lupingu luvua Nebukadenesâ mulote bileja, nkashama eu wa mapuapua anayi ne mitu inayi uvua tshimfuanyi tshia mulongo wa bakokeshi ba mu Makedonia anyi bena Gelika, kubangila ku Aleksandre Munene. Muikale ne lubilu bu lua nkashama, Aleksandre wakapitshila mu Asia Mukese, ku sude kua Ejipitu ne ku mikalu ya ku wesete kua Inde. (Bala Habakuka 1:8.) Tshitupa tshivuaye ukokesha tshivua tshinene tshipite tshia nyama wa “ours,” bualu tshivua tshiangata Makedonia, Gelika, ne Ampire wa bena Pelasa.—Bala tshiena-bualu tshia: “Nsonga Mukalenge udi ukuata matunga,” mu dibeji dia 153.

14. Mmunyi muakalua “nkashama” ne mitu inayi?

¹⁴ “Nkashama” wakalua ne mitu inayi kunyima kua lufu lua Aleksandre mu 323 K.B.B. Banayi ba ku ba-jenerale bende bakamupingana mu bitupa bishilangane bia bukalenge buende. Selewuku wakangata Mesopotamia ne Sulia. Petolemeye wakangata Ejipitu ne Palestine. Lisimake wakakokesha mu Asia Mukese ne Thrace, ne Cassandre yeye wakangata Makedonia ne Gelika. (Bala tshiena-bualu tshia: “Bukalenge bunene budi bupanduluka,” mu dibeji dia 162.) Dîba adi ke diakabanga njiwu mikuabu kumueneka.

NYAMA UDI UKUATSHISHA BUÔWA UDI UMUENEKA MUSHILANGANE NE MIKUABU

15. (a) Umvuija mushindu uvua nyama muinayi. (b) Nyama muinayi uvua tshimfuanyi tshia tshinyi, ne mmunyi muakadiaye ne kutshibula tshintu tshionso tshiakasambakenaye natshi?

¹⁵ Danyele wakumvuija mushindu uvua nyama muinayi ne: ‘wakadi ukuatshisha bantu buôwa ne wakadi ne luonji lukole, mupite bukole.’ Wakatungunuka wamba ne: ‘[Uvua] ne mênu manene a tshiamu tshifike. Wakadia bintu biakakuataye, wakabitshibula bitupa bitupa, wakadiata biakashala muinshi mua makama ende. Wakashilangana ne nyama mikuabu yonso yakadi kumpala kuende, wakadi ne nsengu dikumi.’ (Danyele 7:7) Nyama eu udi ukuatshisha buôwa wakatuadija bu bukokeshi bua malu a tshididi ne a basalayi mu Lomo. Ku kakese ku kakese, bukokeshi ebu buakapita bitupa binayi bia Ampire wa bena Gelika bukole, ne mu tshidimu tshia 30 K.B.B., Lomo wakalua bukokeshi bua bukole bumanyisha mu milayi ya mu Bible. Mu ditekesha tshintu tshionso tshivuaye usambakena natshi ku bukole bua masalayi ende, Ampire wa bena Lomo wakafika ku diangata tshitupa tshionso tshivua tshikonga bidiila bia Bretagne too ne matunga a bungi a ku Mputu, a kumpenga kuonso kua mâyi a Mediterane, ne matunga a dia muamua dia Babulona too ne ku Diboko dia mâyi dia Pelasa (Golfe persique).

16. Mmalu kayi akamanyisha muanjelu bua nyama muinayi?

¹⁶ Bu muvua Danyele ukeba kumanya diumvuija dia nyama eu “wakadi ukuatshisha bantu buowa,” wakateleja ne ntema pavua muanjelu umumvuija ne: ‘Bua nsengu eyi dikumi, umanye ne: bakalenge dikumi nebabike, nebapatuke mu bukalenge ebu. Mukuabu neajuke kunyima kuabu mushilangane ne bamfumu ba diambedi; yeye neapuekeshe bakalenge basatu.’ (Danyele 7:19, 20, 24) “Nsengu dikumi” eyi anyi ‘bakalenge dikumi’ aba bavua banganyi?

17. “Nsengu dikumi” ya nyama muinayi idi tshimfuanyi tshia tshinyi?

¹⁷ Lomo wakapeta bubanji bua bungi; kadi bua buenzavi bua bavua bakokesha, wakakuluka bibi bukole bua masalayi ende kukepelabu. Mu bungi bua matuku, biakalua kumueneka patoke ne: tshiluilu tshia masalayi a bena Lomo tshiakateketa. Ndekelu wa bionso ampire eu wa bukole wakakosoloka mu makalenge a bungi. Bu mutu misangu mivule Bible wangata tshishiferi dikumi bua kumvuija bujima bua tshintu, “nsengu dikumi” ya nyama muinayi idi ileja makalenge onso akapatukila ku dikosoloka dia Lomo.—Bala Dutelonome 4:13; Luka 15:8; 19:13, 16, 17.

18. Mmunyi muakatungunuka Lomo ne kukokesha matunga a ku Mputu munkatshi mua nkama mivule ya bidimu panyima pa diumbusha dia amperere wende wa ndekelu?

¹⁸ Kadi Bukokeshi bua Bukole bua bena Lomo kabuakafua pakumbushabu amperere wa ndekelu mu 476 B.B. nansha. Munkatshi mua nkama mivule ya bidimu, ba-pape ba mu Lomo bakatungunuka ne kukokesha Matunga a ku Mputu mu malu a tshididi, ne nangananga a bitendelelu. Bakaalombola mushindu’eu: bantu ba ku Mputu bavua muinshi mua mfumu, mfumu uvua muinshi mua mukalenge. Ne bakalenge bonso bavua banemeka bukokeshi bua pape. Mushindu’eu ke uvua Ampire Munsantu wa bena Lomo mulombola kudi pape wa mu Lomo mukokeshe pa buloba mu tshikondo tshionso tshile tshia miyuki ya bantu tshidibu babikila ne: Bikondo bia Mîdima.

19. Bilondeshile munga mufundi wa miyuki ya malu a kale, mmunyi muvua Lomo mushilangane ne ampire mikuabu ivua kumpala kuende?

¹⁹ Nnganyi udi mua kuamba ne: nyama muinayi kavua ‘mushilangane ne makalenge makuabu onso’? (Danyele 7:7, 19, 23) Mufundi wa miyuki ya kale Herbert George Wells wakamba bua muanda eu ne: “Bukokeshi ebu bupiabupia bua bena Lomo . . . buvua bushilangane ku malu a bungi ne ampire minene ikavua mikokeshe matunga mashidimuke. . . . Uvua ukokesha bena Gelika pabuipi ne bonso bavuaku pa buloba, ne ba-Hamite ne ba-Semite kabavuamu ba bungi bu mu ampire mikuabu nansha. . . . Uvua tshia bushuwa bukokeshi bua mushindu mukuabu mu bantu. . . . Ampire wa bena Lomo uvua bukokeshi buvua bantu kabayi batekemene; ne kabayi nansha bamanye, bena Lomo bakadimona munkatshi mua dilombola malu a mbulamatadi miaba ya bungi.” Nansha nanku, nyama muinayi eu uvua ne bua kudiunda kabidi.

LUSENGU LUKESE LUDI LUPITA MIKUABU

20. Ntshinyi tshiakamba muanjelu bua dimena dia lusengu lukese pa mutu wa nyama muinayi?

²⁰ Danyele wakamba ne: ‘Pangakadi ngela meji a nsengu eyi, e kumona, munkatshi muayi muakamena lusengu lukuabu, lusengu lukese mene; kumpala kualu bakatula nsengu isatu ya diambedi ne bitaku biayi!’ (Danyele 7:8) Muanjelu wakambila Danyele bua dimena dia lusengu elu ne: ‘Mukuabu neajuke kunyima kuabu mushilangane ne bamfumu ba diambedi; yeye neapuekeshe bakalenge basatu.’ (Danyele 7:24) Mukalenge au nnganyi, ndîba kayi diakajukaye ne mbakalenge kayi basatu bakapuekeshaye?

21. Mmunyi muakafika Grande-Bretagne ku dilua lusengu lukese lua mu tshimfuanyi lua nyama muinayi?

²¹ Tangila mianda idi ilonda eyi. Mu 55 K.B.B., Jenerale wa bena Lomo Jules César wakakuata Bretagne (lelu Grande-Bretagne), kadi wakapangila bua kujadikamu bukokeshi buende buvua ne bua kushala kashidi. Mu 43 B.B., Amperere Claude wakatuadija mvita bua kukuata matunga a ku sude kua Bretagne. Pashishe mu 122 B.B., Amperere Hadrien wakabanga kuibaka tshimanu tshituadijile ku Musulu wa Tyne too ne ku diboko dia mâyi dia Solway, bua kuleja mukalu wa ku nôde wa Ampire wa bena Lomo. Ku ntuadijilu kua bidimu bia 400, bisumbu bia masalayi a bena Lomo biakumbuka mu tshidiila etshi. Mufundi mukuabu wa miyuki ya kale wakumvuija ne: “Mu bidimu bia 1500, Angleterre kavua bukokeshi bua bukole bua bungi to. Bubanji bua ditunga edi buvua bushadile ku bua ditunga dia Pays-Bas. Bantu bavuamu bavua bakese ku ba mu ditunga dia France. Masalayi a ditunga edi (pamue ne tshiluilu tshia pa mâyi) avua mashadile ku a ditunga dia Espagne.” Bidi bimueneka patoke ne: Grande-Bretagne uvua bukalenge bukese patupu, bipetangana bimpe menemene ne lusengu lukese lua mu tshimfuanyi lua nyama muinayi. Kadi malu avua ne bua kushintuluka.

22. (a) Nnsengu kayi mikuabu isatu ya nyama muinayi yakapitabu kudi lusengu “lukese”? (b) Grande-Bretagne wakalua tshinyi?

²² Mu 1588, Philippe II wa mu Espagne wakatuma mazuwa a mvita a mâyi mapite bungi bua kuluisha Grande-Bretagne. Mazuwa a mvita aa 130, mambule basalayi bapite pa 24000, akalonda diboko dia mâyi dia Manche, kadi bakaatshimuna kudi mazuwa a mvita a bena Grande-Bretagne, ne kunyangukawu ne mpepele ivua ifuma kumpala kuawu ne mpepele mikole ya pa mâyi manene a Atlantike. Munga mufundi wa miyuki ya kale wakamba ne: muanda eu “wakaleja ne: tshiluilu tshia pa mâyi tshia Angleterre tshiakapita tshia Espagne.” Mu bidimu bia 1600, ditunga dia Hollande ke divua ne mazuwa a mâyi a bangenda-mushinga mapite bungi. Kadi bu muvua Grande-Bretagne ne miaba ya bungi ya ku ba bende ivuaye mukuate, wakapita bukalenge ebu ku mazuwa a mâyi. Mu bidimu bia 1700, ditunga dia Grande-Bretagne ne dia France akaluishangana ku nôde kua Amerike ne mu Inde, ke tshiakafikisha ku Tshipungidi tshia mu Paris mu 1763. Mufundi William Willcox, udi wamba ne: tshipungidi etshi “tshivua tshipesha Grande-Bretagne muaba wa bukokeshi bua bukole bua ku Mputu bupite matunga makuabu ku matunga akavuaye mukuate.” Biakamueneka ne: ditunga dia Grande-Bretagne divua dipite matunga makuabu pakatshimunadi Napoléon wa mu France mu 1815 B.B. ‘Bakalenge basatu’ bavua Grande-Bretagne ‘mupuekeshe’ bavua: Espagne, Pays-Bas ne France. (Danyele 7:24) Nunku Grande-Bretagne wakalua bukokeshi butambe bunene mu malu a dikuata matunga ku bupika ne a bungenda-mushinga. Bushuwa, lusengu “lukese” luakakola ne kulua bukokeshi bua bukole!

23. Mmu ngumvuilu kayi muvua lusengu lukese lua mu tshimfuanyi ‘lubutule buloba bujima’?

²³ Muanjelu wakambila Danyele bua nyama muinayi anyi bukalenge buinayi ne: “nebubutule buloba bujima.” (Danyele 7:23) Biakenzeka nanku bua provense wa bena Lomo uvuabu babikile kale ne: Bretagne. Wakalua ndekelu wa bionso Ampire wa bena Bretagne ne ‘wakabutula buloba mujima.’ Umue musangu, bukalenge ebu buvua buangata tshimue tshia binayi tshia matunga a buloba bujima ne tshimue tshia binayi tshia bantu bonso bavuapu.

24. Ntshinyi tshiakamba mufundi kampanda wa malu a kale bua muvua Ampire wa Grande-Bretagne mushilangane ne mikuabu?

²⁴ Bu muvua Ampire wa bena Lomo mushilangane ne makokeshi makuabu avua madianjile kumpala kuende, mukalenge muleja mu tshimfuanyi kudi lusengu “lukese” uvua ne bua kuikala pende ‘mushilangane ne bamfumu ba diambedi.’ (Danyele 7:24) Mufundi wa malu a kale George Wells wakamba ne: “Bantu kabavua banji kumona bukalenge bua mushindu’eu to. Ndombuelu wa ampire eu uvua muenza ne ‘repiblike muikale ne mukalenge ku mutu’ kua Makalenge Masanga a Grande-Bretagne . . . Kakuvua balombodi ba mbulamatadi peshi muntu nansha umue ukavuaku mumvue mushindu uvua Ampire eu mufike ku dikalaku to. Mushindu uvuabu benze Ampire wa Grande-Bretagne mujima uvua mupite lungenyi lua bantu tshipidi.”

25. (a) Lusengu lukese ludi tshimfuanyi tshia tshinyi bilondeshile malu adi malue kuenzeka panyima? (b) Mmu ngumvuilu kayi mudi lusengu “lukese” luikale ne “mesu bu a muntu” ne ‘mukana muamba mêyi a diambu’?

²⁵ Lusengu “lukese” kaluvua lumvuija anu Ampire wa Grande-Bretagne to. Mu 1783, Grande-Bretagne wakitaba dipanda dia matunga 13 a mu Amerike avua ku bukokeshi buende. Ndekelu wa bionso Matunga Masanga a bena Amerike (États-Unis d’Amérique) akenza tshipungidi ne Grande-Bretagne ne kupatukawu mu Mvita Mibidi ya Buloba bujima bu ditunga dia bukole bua bungi. Ditunga edi ditshidi anu ne malanda makole ne Grande-Bretagne. Bukokeshi bua bukole budi bupatukileku buenza ne matunga abidi: Angleterre ne États-Unis, ke ‘lusengu ludi ne mêsu.’ Bukokeshi bua bukole ebu budi tshia bushuwa bukenketangana, ne budi ne budimu bua bungi! Budi ‘buamba mêyi a diambu’ mu ngumvuilu wa se: budi buenzeja matunga a bungi a pa buloba bua kuitaba tshididi tshiabu, ne mbudivuije bu muakuidi wa matunga aa anyi “muprofete wa mashimi.”—Danyele 7:8, 11, 20; Buakabuluibua 16:13; 19:20.

LUSENGU LUKESE LUDI LULUISHA NZAMBI NE BANSANTU BENDE

26. Ntshinyi tshiakamanyisha muanjelu bua mêyi ne malu avua lusengu lua mu tshimfuanyi ne bua kuamba Yehowa ne kuenzela basadidi bende?

²⁶ Danyele wakatungunuka ne kumvuija tshikena-kumona tshiende wamba ne: ‘Ngakamona lusengu alu luluangana ne bansanto, lubapita bukole.’ (Danyele 7:21) Muanjelu wa Nzambi wakamanyisha bua “lusengu” elu anyi mukalenge eu ne: ‘Yeye neadiule Nzambi Mutambe Bunene wa mu diulu ne mêyi mabi, neatatshishe bansanto ba Mutambe Bunene wa mu diulu too ne papangabu. Neapangadije bua kukudimuna bikondo bia tshijila ne [mukenji], ne bansanto nebafidibue mu bianza biende too ne papita tshikondo tshimue, bikondo bibidi ne tshitupa tshia tshikondo.’ (Danyele 7:25) Mmushindu kayi ne ndîba kayi diakakumbana tshitupa etshi tshia mulayi?

27. (a) “Bansanto” badibu bakengeshe kudi lusengu “lukese” mbanganyi? (b) Mmunyi muakakeba lusengu lua mu tshimfuanyi “bua kukudimuna bikondo bia tshijila ne mukenji”?

²⁷ “Bansanto” badibu bakengesha kudi lusengu “lukese” (anyi Bukokeshi bua bukole bua États-Unis ne Angleterre) mbayidi ba Yezu bela manyi badi pa buloba. (Lomo 1:7; 1 Petelo 2:9) Munkatshi mua bidimu bia bungi bangabanga ne Mvita ya Kumpala ya Buloba bujima kutuadijayi, bashadile ba ku bela manyi aba bakadimuija patoke ne: tshidimu tshia 1914 ke tshivua ne bua kuikala ndekelu wa “tshikondo [tshijadika] tshia bantu ba bisamba bia bende.” (Luka 21:24) Pakatuadija mvita mu tshidimu atshi, biakamueneka patoke se: lusengu “lukese” kaluvua luangate didimuija edi ne mushinga to, bualu luakatungunuka ne kukengesha “bansanto” bela manyi. Bukokeshi bua bukole bua Amerike ne Angleterre buakabenga mene bua bansanto aba kabakumbaji dîyi (anyi “mukenji”) dia Yehowa dia se: bantemu bende badi ne bua kumanyisha lumu luimpe lua Bukalenge pa buloba bujima. (Matayo 24:14) Mushindu’eu ke uvua lusengu “lukese” lukebe “bua kukudimuna bikondo bia tshijila ne mukenji.”

28. ‘Tshikondo tshimue, ne bikondo bibidi ne tshitupa tshia tshikondo’ bidi bienza matuku bungi munyi?

²⁸ Muanjelu wa Yehowa wakakula bua lupolo kampanda lua tshiprofete lua ‘tshikondo tshimue, bikondo bibidi ne tshitupa tshia tshikondo.’ Bikondo ebi bidi ne matuku bungi munyi? Bumvuiji ba Bible batu misangu mivule bitaba ne: mêyi aa adi umvuija bikondo bisatu ne tshitupa, mmumue ne: tshikondo tshimue kusangisha ne bikondo bibidi, kusangisha ne tshitupa tshia tshikondo. Bu muvua “bidimu muanda mutekete” bia bupale bua Nebukadenesâ bikale bidimu muanda mutekete bia bushuwa ebi, bikondo bisatu ne tshitupa bidi bienza bidimu bisatu ne tshitupa.c (Danyele 4:16, 25) Mukanda wa Mvidi Mukulu [wa bena Katolike] udi wamba ne: “Nebafile bantu ba tshijila mu bianza biende bidimu bisatu ne ngondo isambombo.” Mukanda wa Mvidi Mukulu [wa bena Mishonyi, (MMV)] udi wamba ne: “Bidimu bisatu ne tshitupa.” Buakabuluibua 11:2-7 udi wakula bua tshikondo tshia muomumue, wamba ne: bantemu ba Nzambi bavua ne bua kuyisha bavuale bibombi munkatshi mua ngondo 42, anyi matuku 1260, ne pashishe bavua ne bua kubashipa. Ndîba kayi diakatuadija ne diakajika tshikondo etshi?

29. Ndîba kayi ne munyi muakatuadija bidimu bisatu ne tshitupa bia tshiprofete?

²⁹ Bua bena Kristo bela manyi, Mvita ya Kumpala ya Buloba bujima ivua tshikondo tshia mateta. Ku ndekelu kua 1914, bavua batekemene bua se: bavua ne bua kubakengesha. Bushuwa, mvese wa ku tshidimu uvuabu basungule bua 1915 uvua lukonko luvua Yezu muele bayidi bende ne: “Nudi mua kunua dikopo dianyi anyi?” Mvese eu uvua muangatshila mu Matayo 20:22, mu Bible wa King James Version. Nunku kubangila mu Tshisua-munene 1914, kasumbu kakese ka bantemu kakayisha ‘kaluate bibombi.’

30. Mmunyi muakatatshishabu bena Kristo bela manyi kudi Bukokeshi bua bukole bua Amerike ne Angleterre mu tshikondo tshia Mvita ya Kumpala ya Buloba bujima?

³⁰ Pavua mvita yenda itangalaka, bena Kristo bela manyi bakapeta buluishi bua bungi. Bakela bamue mu maloko. Bakokeshi ba tshikisu tshikole bakakengesha bantu bu mudi Frank Platt mu Angleterre ne Robert Clegg mu Canada. Mu dia 12 Luishi 1918, Bukokeshi bua Grande-Bretagne mu Canada buakakandika mukanda wa muanda mutekete wa Études des Écritures uvua ne tshiena-bualu tshia se: Le mystère accompli, uvua ufuma ku dipatuka, ne trakte ivua ne tshiena-bualu tshia se: L’Étudiant de la Bible. Mu ngondo wakalonda, Tshibambalu tshiomekela malu a Tubadi tshia mu États-Unis tshiakamanyisha ne: bavua bakandike diabanya mukanda wa muanda mutekete eu. Ntshinyi tshiakalua kuenzeka? Bakakalakasa mu nzubu ya bana betu, kunyengabu mikanda ne kukuatabu batendeledi ba Yehowa!

31. Ndîba kayi ne mmunyi muakajika ‘tshikondo tshimue, ne bikondo bibidi ne tshitupa tshia tshikondo’?

³¹ Ditatshisha bela manyi ba Nzambi diakakola mu dia 21 Kabalashipu 1918, pakabandabu mulombodi wa Société Joseph Rutherford ne malu a mashimi pamue ne bawetu bakuabu bavua bambuluisha bikole mu Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, ne kubafundilabu tshibawu tshia buloko bua matuku a bungi. Bu muvua lusengu “lukese” elu lukeba “bua kukudimuna bikondo bia tshijila ne mukenji,” luakashipa tshia bushuwa mudimu wa buambi mulongolola. (Buakabuluibua 11:7) Nenku lupolo lukavuabu bamanyishe lua ‘tshikondo tshimue, ne bikondo bibidi ne tshitupa tshia tshikondo’ luakajika mu Kabalashipu 1918.

32. Bua tshinyi tudi mua kuamba ne: lusengu “lukese” kaluakabutula “bansanto”?

³² Kadi “bansanto” kabakabutuka bua dibatatshisha dia lusengu “lukese” to. Anu muvuabu bamanyishe mu mukanda wa Buakabuluibua, kunyima kua lupolo lukese lua tshikondo tshia dibenga kuenza mudimu, bena Kristo bela manyi bakafululuka ne kutuadijilulabu mudimu ne tshisumi. (Buakabuluibua 11:11-13) Mu dia 26 Luabanya 1919, bakapatula mulombodi wa Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society ne binende mu buloko, ne pashishe bakababingisha ku malu avuabu bababande nawu. Diakamue, bashadile bela manyi kutuadijabu kudilongolola kabidi bua kuenza mudimu. Kadi ntshinyi tshivua tshindile lusengu “lukese” elu?

WA KALE WA MATUKU A BUNGI UDI ULUMBULUISHA

33. (a) Wa Kale wa Matuku a Bungi nnganyi? (b) ‘Mikanda yakabululabu’ mu Tshilumbuluidi tshia mu diulu ivua mikanda kayi?

³³ Kunyima kua mumane kuakula bua nyama inayi eyi, Danyele udi umbusha mêsu ende ku nyama muinayi bua kutangila tshidi tshienzeka mu diulu. Udi umona Wa Kale wa Matuku a Bungi musombe pa nkuasa wende wa bukalenge ukenka, muikale ulumbuluisha. Wa Kale wa Matuku a Bungi eu n’Yehowa Nzambi. (Musambu 90:2) Padi bena Tshilumbuluidi basomba bua kukosa bilumbu, Danyele udi umona ‘babulula mikanda.’ (Danyele 7:9, 10) Bu mudi Yehowa kayi ne ntuadijilu anyi ndekelu, mmumanye malu onso a bantu bienze anu bu se: mbaafunde mu mukanda. Uvua mumone nyama yonso inayi eyi ya mu tshimfuanyi ne udi mua kuyilumbuluisha bilondeshile malu adiye yeye nkayende mumanye bua bualu buayi.

34, 35. Ntshinyi tshienzekela lusengu “lukese” ne makokeshi makuabu adi mafuane nyama?

³⁴ Danyele udi utungunuka wamba ne: ‘Pangakadi ntangila, bualu bua mêyi a diambu akambabu kudi lusengu, bakashipa nyama au, bakabutula mubidi wende, bakaufila bua kuushidisha mu kapia. Nyama ayi mikuabu, bakayinyenga bukokeshi buayi, kadi bakayilepesha matuku a mioyo yayi too ne ku tshikondo tshikuabu.’ (Danyele 7:11, 12) Muanjelu udi wambila Danyele ne: ‘Kadi mu dîba adi nebakose tshilumbu, nebamunyenge bukalenge buende bua kumushipabu ne bua kumubutulabu too ne panshi.’—Danyele 7:26.

³⁵ Ku dîyi dia Nzuji Munene Yehowa Nzambi, lusengu luakapenda Nzambi ne luakatatshisha “bansanto” bende nelupete difutu dia muomumue ne dia Ampire wa bena Lomo, wakakengesha pende bena Kristo ba kumpala. Bukokeshi bua lusengu elu kabuakutungunuka to. Nansha ebu bua ‘bakalenge’ bashadile badi bu nsengu bakapatukila ku Ampire wa bena Lomo kabuakutungunuka pabu to. Kadi ntshinyi tshienzekela makalenge akapatukila ku makokeshi a kumpala avua mafuane nyama? Anu mukavuabu bamanyishe, bavua balepeshe matuku au a muoyo ‘too ne ku tshikondo tshikuabu.’ Maloba a makalenge au atshidi ne bantu too ne lelu’eu. Tshilejilu, ditunga dia Irak didi muaba uvua Babulona wa kale. Ditunga dia Pelasa (Iran) ne dia Gelika (Grèce) atshidiku. Bishadile bia makokeshi manene a bukole aa bidi mu Bulongolodi bua Matunga Masanga. Makalenge aa pawu neajimine pabutulabu bukokeshi bua bukole bua ndekelu. Mbulamatadi yonso ya bantu neyibutuke ku ‘mvita ya dituku dinene dia Nzambi wa Bukole-Buonso.’ (Buakabuluibua 16:14, 16) Kadi nnganyi wakokesha pa buloba dîba adi?

BUKOKESHI BUA TSHIENDELELE BUDI KUMPALA EKU!

36, 37. (a) “Mukuabo mufuane Muana wa muntu” nnganyi, ndîba kayi ne bua tshinyi wakalua ku Tshilumbuluidi tshia mu diulu? (b) Ntshinyi tshiakajadikabu mu 1914 B.B.?

³⁶ Danyele wakumvuija ne: ‘Ngakatangila mu bikena-kumona butuku kabidi, e kumona, mukuabu mufuane muana wa muntu ulua mu matutu a mu diulu, wakafika kudi Wa Kale wa Matuku a Bungi, bakalua nende kumpala kuende.’ (Danyele 7:13) Pavuaye pa buloba, Yezu uvua udibikila ne: “Muana wa muntu,” bua kuleja muvuaye bulela ne bantu. (Matayo 16:13; 25:31) Yezu wakambila bena Sanedren (anyi kabadi kakulu ka bena Yuda) ne: ‘Nenumone Muana wa muntu mushikame ku tshianza tshia balume tshia Bukole, ulua biende pa matutu a mu diulu.’ (Matayo 26:64) Nenku mu tshikena-kumona tshia Danyele, eu uvua ulua kayi umueneka ku mêsu a bantu ne kufikaye kumpala kua Yehowa Nzambi uvua Yezu Kristo mubisha ku lufu ne mutumbisha. Ndîba kayi diakenzeka bualu ebu?

³⁷ Nzambi mmuenze tshipungidi tshia Bukalenge ne Yezu Kristo anu muvuaye mutshienze ne Mukalenge Davidi. (2 Samuele 7:11-16; Luka 22:28-30) Pakajika “tshikondo [tshijadika] tshia bantu ba bisamba bia bende” mu 1914 B.B., Yezu Kristo uvua ne bukenji bua kuangata Bukalenge, bualu uvua mupianyi wa bukalenge wa Davidi. Muyuki wa Danyele wa tshiprofete udi wamba ne: ‘Bakamupa bukokeshi, butumbi ne bukalenge, bua bantu bonso, ba bisamba bionso ne ba miaku yonso bamukuatshile mudimu. Bukokeshi buende budi bukokeshi bua tshiendelele, budi kabuyi mua kujimina, bukalenge buende mbukalenge budi kabuyi mua kubutudibua.’ (Danyele 7:14) Nunku bakajadika Bukalenge bua Masiya mu diulu mu 1914. Kadi badi bapesha kabidi bantu bakuabu bukokeshi.

38, 39. Mbanganyi bapeshabu bukokeshi bua tshiendelele buakokesha pa buloba?

³⁸ Muanjelu wakamba ne: ‘Bansanto ba Nzambi Mutambe Bunene wa mu diulu nebangate bukalenge.’ (Danyele 7:18, 22, 27) Yezu Kristo ke munsantu wa kumpala. (Bienzedi 3:14; 4:27, 30) “Bansanto” bakuabu bakokesha mbena Kristo bela manyi ba lulamatu 144000, bapiana Bukalenge pamue ne Kristo. (Lomo 1:7; 8:17; 2 Tesalonike 1:5; 1 Petelo 2:9) Nzambi udi ubabisha ku lufu bikale nyuma idi kayiyi ifua bua kukokeshabu ne Kristo pa Mukuna wa Siona wa mu diulu. (Buakabuluibua 2:10; 14:1; 20:6) Nunku, Kristo Yezu ne bena Kristo bela manyi babisha ku lufu nebakokeshe pa buloba.

³⁹ Muanjelu wa Nzambi wakamba bua bukokeshi bua Muana wa muntu ne “bansanto” bakuabu babisha ku lufu ne: ‘Nebafile bukalenge ne bukokeshi ne butumbi bua makalenge a muinshi mua diulu dionso kudi bantu ba bansanto ba Nzambi Mutambe Bunene wa mu diulu. Bukalenge buabu nebuikale bukalenge bua tshiendelele, ba mu makokeshi onso makuabu nebabakuatshile mudimu ne nebatumikile mêyi abu.’ (Danyele 7:27) Bantu bena butumike nebapete mabenesha a bungi mu Bukalenge abu!

40. Dituma ntema ku tshilota ne bikena-kumona bia Danyele nedituambuluishe ku tshinyi?

⁴⁰ Danyele kavua mumanye malu onso malenga avua ne bua kuenzeka bua kukumbaja bikena-kumona bivua Nzambi mumuleje nansha. Wakamba ne: ‘Eu nnshikidilu wa muanda eu. Meme panyi, Danyele, mutshima wanyi wakapampakana ne buôwa, ne mpala wanyi wakandamuka; kadi ngakalama muanda eu mu mutshima wanyi.’ (Danyele 7:28) Tuetu tudi ne muoyo mu tshikondo tshitudi mua kujingulula mushindu udi malu avua Danyele mumone akumbana. Kutuma ntema ku mulayi eu nekukoleshe ditabuja ne dishindika dietu dia se: Mukalenge Masiya udi Yehowa muteke neakokeshe pa buloba.

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

MMALU KAYI AUDI MUMVUE?

• ‘Nyama minene inayi ivua ipatuka mu mâyi manene’ idi tshimfuanyi tshia tshinyi?

• Lusengu “lukese” ludi luleja tshinyi?

• Mmunyi muvua lusengu lukese lua mu tshimfuanyi lutatshishe “bansanto” mu tshikondo tshia Mvita ya Kumpala ya Buloba bujima?

• Ntshinyi tshiafikila lusengu lukese lua mu tshimfuanyi ne makokeshi makuabu manene a bukole adi mafuane nyama?

• Dituma ntema ku tshilota ne bikena-kumona bia Danyele bia ‘nyama minene inayi’ ndikuambuluishe ku tshinyi?

[Kazubu/Bimfuanyi mu dibeji 149-152]

MFUMU WA MUOYO WA LUSE

MUFUNDI mukuabu muena Gelika wa mu bidimu bia 400 K.B.B. wakamba bua bualu buende ne: uvua mfumu wa muoyo wa luse ne wa tshitembu. Bible udi umubikila ne: ‘muela manyi’ wa Nzambi ne ‘nyunyi mushipianganyi’ udi ufumina “ku luseke lua esete.” (Yeshaya 45:1; 46:11) Mfumu udibu bamba eu n’Kolesha Munene, mukalenge wa Pelasa.

Luendu lua Kolesha bua kupeta lumu luakatuadija bu mu 560 anyi mu 559 K.B.B. pakapinganaye tatuende Cambyse I mu nkuasa wa bukalenge mu Anshan, tshimenga anyi distrike dia mu Pelasa wa kale. Anshan uvua tshikondo atshi muinshi mua bukokeshi bua Astyage Mukalenge wa bena Madai. Kolesha wakatombokela bukokeshi bua bena Madai, ne wakabatshimuna ne lukasa bualu basalayi ba Astyage bakalamata ku luseke lua Kolesha. Pashishe bena Madai bakalua kunanga Kolesha. Panyima apu, bena Madai ne bena Pelasa kubangabu kuluangana mvita pamue, balombola kudi Kolesha. Mushindu’eu ke wakapatuka bukokeshi busangila kudi bena Madai ne bena Pelasa, buakalua mu bungi bua matuku kudiundisha buloba buabu kumbukila ku Mbuu wa Égée too ne ku Musulu wa Indus.—Tangila karte.

Bu muvuaye mulombodi wa masalayi masangisha pamue a bena Madai ne bena Pelasa, Kolesha wakanji kuya bua kulongolola malu mu tshitupa kampanda tshivua ne ndululu: ku wesete kua Madai kuvua Crésus Mukalenge wa Lydie wenda walabaja buloba buende ubuela too ne mu tshitupa tshia bena Madai. Kolesha wakasemena too ne ku mukalu wa ku esete kua Ampire wa Lydie mu Asia Mukese, kutshimunaye Crésus ne kukuataye tshimenga tshiende tshikulu tshia Sâdi. Pashishe Kolesha wakatekesha bimenga bia mu Ionie ne kutekaye Asia Mukese yonso ku bukokeshi bua Ampire wa bena Madai ne bena Pelasa. Nunku wakalua muluishi munene wa bena Babulona ne Nabonide mukalenge wabu.

Mpindieu Kolesha wakadilongolola bua kuluangana ne Babulona wa bukole. Ne kubangila anu dîba adi, wakakumbanyina mudimu ukavuabu bamanyishe mu milayi ya mu Bible. Bidimu bitue ku nkama ibidi kumpala, Yehowa ukavua muambe mukana mua muprofete Yeshaya ne: Kolesha ke mukokeshi uvua ne bua kutonkola Babulona ne kupikula bena Yuda ku bupika. Bua didianjila kumusungula edi ke padi Bible umubikila ne: ‘muela manyi’ wa Yehowa.­—Yeshaya 44:26-28.

Pakalua Kolesha bua kuluisha Babulona mu 539 K.B.B., wakadimona kumpala kua mudimu kauyi kutua tshiadi. Bu muvua tshimenga etshi tshinyungulula ne lumbu lunene ne dijimba dinene dile dienza kudi musulu wa Pelata, tshivua tshimueneka anu bu se: katshivuaku mua kutonkoka nansha. Kumpenga kua musulu wa Pelata uvua upitshila munkatshi mua tshimenga etshi kuvua lumbu lule luenze bu mukuna ne luela biibi binene bia tshiamu tshia mitaku. Mmunyi muvua Kolesha mua kukuata Babulona?

Bidimu bitue ku lukama kumpala, Yehowa ukavua mumanyishe bua ‘munanga uvua ne bua kukuata mâyi a misulu yende’ ne uvua muambe ne: ‘avua ne bua kukama.’ (Yelemiya 50:38) Bilondeshile mulayi eu, Kolesha wakatshiunguluja mâyi a Musulu wa Pelata ntanta wa kilometre ndambu ku nôde kua Babulona. Pashishe basalayi bende bakapueka benda bendela mu mâyi, kubandabu tshikunakuna tshivua tshifikisha ku lumbu ne kubuelabu mu tshimenga bipepele, bualu bavua bashiye biibi bia tshiamu tshia mitaku abi buashi. Muenze bu ‘nyunyi mushipianganyi’ udi ubakula diakamue tshiakudia tshiende, mukokeshi eu wa “ku luseke lua esete” wakakuata Babulona butuku bumue patupu!

Bua bena Yuda bavua mu Babulona, ditshimuna dia Kolesha divua diumvuija dipikudibua ku bupika divuabu bindile mutantshi mule, ne divua ndekelu wa bidimu 70 bia dibutuka dia tshimenga tshiabu. Bavua ne bua kuikala basanke bikole pakela Kolesha mukenji ubanyishila bua kupingana mu Yelushalema ne bua kuibakulula ntempelo! Kolesha wakabapingajila kabidi malongo a mushinga mukole a mu ntempelo avua Nebukadenesâ mulue nawu mu Babulona, kubanyishilaye kabidi bua kuikalabu balua kukeba mabaya a mitshi ya mu Lebanona, ne kubapeshaye mfranga ya mu nzubu wa mukalenge bua kusumba bintu bivua bikengedibua bua mudimu eu wa luibaku.—Ezela 1:1-⁠11; 6:3-5.

Pa tshibidilu, Kolesha uvua wenzela bantu ba mu maloba avuaye utshimuna malu ne muoyo wa luse. Pamu’apa ntendelelu wende ke uvua mua kuikala muenze bua ikale ne ngikadilu eu. Bumue Kolesha uvua ulonda malongesha a Zoroastre muprofete wa bena Pelasa, ne uvua utendelela Ahura Mazda, nzambi uvuabu bamba ne: ke mufuki wa bintu bionso bidi bimpe. Mu mukanda wende kampanda, Farhang Mehr wakafunda ne: “Zoroastre uvua umvuija Nzambi bu bupuangane bua ngikadilu. Uvua wambila bantu ne: Ahura Mazda katu udisombuela to, kadi udi muakane, nanku kabavua ne bua kumutshina to, kadi bavua ne bua kumunanga.” (The Zoroastrian Tradition) Ditabuja nzambi uvua ne ngikadilu milenga ne muakane ke divua mua kuikala dienze bua Kolesha ikale ne ngikadilu mimpe ne bua ikale ne muoyo muimpe ne bua anange malu makane.

Kadi mukalenge eu kavua musue mivu ya mu Babulona to. Kavua musue mivu ya munya mukole ivuamu nansha. Nenku nansha muakashala Babulona tshimenga tshia ampire eu tshivua mukalenge musue, ne nsangilu munene wa malu a ntendelelu ne a mamanya, buende yeye tshivua tshimenga tshikulu anu mu muvu wa hiver muvuaye uluamu. Bua kuamba bulelela, pakatshimunaye Babulona, Kolesha wakapingana diakamue mu tshimenga tshikulu tshivuaye musue mu muvu wa été: Ecbatane, tshivua kuinshi kua Mukuna wa Alvend, kuulu mutantshi wa metre 1 900 kumbukila pa mâyi a mbuu. Muaba eu uvua mivu milenga ya été ivuaye musue ivua mienze bu ivua ipolesha mivu ya hiver ya mashika makole. Kolesha wakibaka kabidi nzubu wa mukalenge mulenga mu tshimenga tshikulu tshia kale: Pasargades (pabuipi ne Persépolis), mutantshi wa kilometre 650 pankatshi pa sude ne wesete kua tshimenga tshia Ecbatane. Mu nzubu eu ke muvuaye uya bua kupengama.

Kolesha wakashiya tshimfuanyi tshia mutshimunyi wa bukitu ne mfumu wa muoyo wa luse. Bukokeshi buende bua bidimu 30 buakajika pakafuaye mu mvita mu 530 K.B.B. Muanende wa balume ­Cambyse II wakamupingana mu nkuasa wa bukalenge mu Pelasa.

MMALU KAYI AUDI MUMVUE?

• Mmunyi muakaleja Kolesha muena Pelasa ne: uvua ‘muela manyi’ wa Yehowa?

• Mmalu mimpe kayi avua Kolesha muenzele bantu ba Yehowa?

• Mmunyi muvua Kolesha wangata bantu ba mu maloba avuaye mukuate?

[Karte]

(Bua kumona malu bimpe, tangila mu mukanda)

AMPIRE WA BENA MADAI NE BENA PELASA

MAKEDONIA

Mempi

EJIPITU

ATIOPA

Yelushalema

Babulona

Ecbatane

Shushanaka

Persépolis

INDE

[Tshimfuanyi]

Lukita lua Kolesha ku Pasargades

[Tshimfuanyi]

Tshimfuanyi tshia ku nzubu wa Kolesha mu Pasargades

[Kazubu/Bimfuanyi mu dibeji 153-161]

NSONGA MUKALENGE UDI UKUATA MATUNGA

KUKADI bidimu bitue ku 2 300, jenerale mukuabu wa basalayi wa bidimu 20, muikale ne nsuki ya mvuangala, uvua muimane ku muelelu wa Mbuu wa Mediterane. Mêsu ende avua mashale matangile anu tshimenga tshivua mu tshidiila mutantshi bu wa kilometre mujima. Bu muvuabu babengele jenerale eu bua kubuelamu, tshiji tshiakamuenza ne yeye kupangadija bua kukuata tshimenga etshi. Mayele ende a mvita avua mushindu kayi? Uvua ne bua kuibaka tshilamba tshifike too ne mu tshidiila atshi, pashishe uvua ne bua kutuma basalayi bende bua kuluisha tshimenga atshi. Bakavua batuadije kuibaka tshine tshilamba atshi.

Kadi mukenji mutuma kudi mukalenge munene wa Ampire wa bena Pelasa ke wakimanyika nsonga jenerale eu. Bu muvua mukalenge wa mu Pelasa musue bua bumvuangane, wakamulaya bua kumupesha bintu bia pa buabi: ntalanta ya or 10 000 (dolare mipite pa miliyare ibidi ku mushinga udiku lelu), bua kuselaye umue wa ku bana ba bakaji ba mukalenge, ne bua kukokesha tshitupa tshionso tshia ku wesete kua Ampire wa bena Pelasa. Mukalenge wakalaya bua kumupesha bionso ebi bua jenerale eu kulekelaye bena mu dîku dia mukalenge eu bavuaye mukuate.

Komanda uvua kumpala kua dipangadika edi dia kuitaba anyi kubenga bintu ebi uvua Aleksandre III wa mu Makedonia. Bivua bimpe yeye kubitaba anyi? Mufundi wa miyuki ya kale Ulrich Wilcken udi wamba ne: “Tshivua tshikondo tshikole bua bantu ba kale. Bushuwa, bipeta bia dipangadika diende biakatungunuka munkatshi mua tshikondo tshia Moyen Âge too ne mu matuku etu aa, ku esete ne ku wesete.” Kumpala kua kumanya diandamuna dia Aleksandre, tumonayi mianda yakafikisha tshikondo etshi ku dikala tshikole.

BADI BALONGESHA MUTSHIMUNYI

Aleksandre uvua muledibue mu Pella, mu Makedonia mu 356 K.B.B. Tatuende uvua Mukalenge Philippe II, ne mamuende uvua Olympias. Olympias wakalongesha Aleksandre ne: bakalenge ba mu Makedonia bavua ndelanganyi ya Hercule, muana wa Yupita anyi Zewuse, nzambi wa bena Gelika. Bilondeshile Olympias, nkambua wa Aleksandre uvua Achille, tshilobo tshia mu kasala ka ­Homère ka Iliade. Nunku bu muvua baledi bende bamupeshe lungenyi lua kukuata matunga ne kulua mukalenge wa butumbi, nsonga Aleksandre kavua umona bualu bukuabu bumusankisha to. Dimue dituku pakamukonkabu ni uvua mua kutembangana lubilu mu Manaya a mu Olympie, Aleksandre wakandamuna ne: uvua mua kuitaba bu biobi bikale bia kunyema ne bakalenge. Tshipatshila tshiende tshivua tshia kuenza malu manene mapite a tatuende ne tshia kupeta butumbi mu malu avuaye ne bua kuenza.

Pavuaye ne bidimu 13, bakalongesha Aleksandre kudi muena nkindi muena Gelika diende Aristote, eu wakamufikisha ku dinanga malu a nkindi, a bumunganga ne a siyanse. Kutu kuenzeke makokangana a bungi bua kumanya mushindu uvua malongesha a nkindi a Aristote mashintulule ngelelu wa meji wa Aleksandre. Muena nkindi wa mu bidimu bia 1900 Bertrand Russel wakamba ne: “Tudi mua kuamba katuyi tuelakana ne: bantu babidi aba bavua bapetangana ku malu makese. Ngenyi ya tshididi ivua nayi Aristote ivua mimanyine pa tshipatshila tshia kuvuija Gelika tshimenga tshidikadile ne watshi mbulamatadi, pabi bimenga bia nunku bikavua bienda bijimina.” Lungenyi lua kuikala ne mbulamatadi ulombola tshimenga tshikese tshidikadile kaluvua mua kuikala lusankishe muana wa mfumu eu uvua ukeba bua kuenza ampire munene muikale ne mbulamatadi umue ulombola nansha. Aleksandre kavua kabidi ne bua kuikala muanyishe lungenyi lua Aristote lua kuangata bantu bavua kabayi bena Gelika bu bapika, bualu yeye uvua ujinga bua kuenza ampire muvua bantu ba mu maloba avuaye ne bua kukuata ne bua kumvuangana ne aba bavua babatshimune.

Kadi kakuena mpata bua se: Aristote wakafikisha Aleksandre ku dinanga dibala dia mikanda ne dikeba dia dimanya. Mu matuku ende onso a muoyo, Aleksandre uvua mubadi wa mikanda wa dilambu, uvua mutambe kunanga mikanda ya Homère. Badi bamba ne: uvua mukuate kasala ka Iliade (milongo yonso 15 693) ku muoyo.

Dilonga dia Aleksandre ne Aristote diakakoseka musangu umue mu 340 K.B.B. pakapingana muana wa mfumu eu (utshivua patupu ne bidimu 16) ku Pella bua kukokesha mu Makedonia bualu tatuende kavuapu to. Kabiakangata matuku a bungi bua muana wa mfumu eu mupianyi wa nkuasa wa bukalenge kubangaye kuenza malu a dikema ne basalayi bende. Tatuende Philippe wakasanka bikole pakajikijaye buntomboji bua bena Maide (tshisa tshitomboke tshia mu Thrace), kukuataye tshimenga tshiabu tshinene ne kutshipeshaye dîna diende ne: Alexandroupolis.

UDI UTUNGUNUKA NE KUKUATA MATUNGA

Pakashipabu Philippe mu 336 K.B.B., Aleksandre wakapiana nkuasa wa bukalenge wa mu Makedonia pavuaye ne bidimu 20. Yeye mumane kubuelela mu Asia ku Hellespont (lelu Dardanelles) ku ntuadijilu kua ngondo muitanu mu 334 K.B.B., Aleksandre wakaditua mu dikuata matunga ne tshiluilu tshikese kadi tshipiluke, tshivua ne basalayi ba panshi 30 000 ne ba pa tubalu 5 000. Tshiluilu tshiende tshivua tshienda ne ba-enjenyere, balongi ba maloba, baludiki ba midimu ya luibaku, bena siyanse ne bafundi ba miyuki ya kale.

Ku Musulu wa Granique, ku luseke lua ku nôde-wesete kua Asia Mukese (lelu Turquie) ke kuvua Aleksandre mutshimune mvita yende ya kumpala yakaluanganaye ne bena Pelasa. Mu muvu wa hiver au, wakakuata matunga a ku wesete kua Asia Mukese. Mu ngondo wa dikumi wa tshidimu tshiakalonda tshia 333 K.B.B., wakaluangana mvita yende mibidi ne bena Pelasa ku Issus, dia ku sude-­wesete kua Asia Mukese. Mukalenge munene wa bena Pelasa Dayawesha III, wakalua ne tshiluilu tshia balume batue ku 500 000 bua kuluangana ne Aleksandre. Bu muvua Dayawesha udieyemena bikole, wakalua ne mamuende, mukajende ne balela bende bakuabu bua kudimuenabu ne abu abidi muvuaye utshimuna baluishi bende. Kadi basalayi bena Pelasa kabavua badilongolole bua kuluangana ne basalayi ba mu Makedonia bavua babapite ku lubilu ne ku tshisumi nansha. Basalayi ba Aleksandre bakatshimuna basalayi bena Pelasa, ne Dayawesha wakanyema kushila Aleksandre dîku diende.

Pamutu pa kulonda bena Pelasa bavua banyema, Aleksandre wakalonda dia ku muelelu wa ku sude kua Mediterane, kukuataye bitudilu bia mazuwa a bena mvita bena Pelasa. Kadi tshidiila tshia Tulo tshiakakandamana tshiotshi. Bu muvua Aleksandre mupangadike bua kutshikuata, wakatshijingila munkatshi mua ngondo muanda mutekete. Mu tshikondo tshivuaye mujingile tshimenga etshi ke muakamulomba Dayawesha bualu butudi baleje ku ntuadijilu eku bua kumvuanganabu. Bua kumvua muvua bintu abi bienza lukuka, badi bamba muvua mufidi wa ngenyi wa Aleksandre uvuaye weyemena bikole Parménion muambe ne: ‘Bu meme muikale ­Aleksandre, mvua ngitaba.’ Kadi jenerale eu utshivua nsonga wakandamuna ne: ‘Bu meme panyi muikale Parménion, mvua ngitaba.’ ­Aleksandre wakabenga bua kumvuanganabu, kutungunukaye ne ­ditshintshimika Tulo, kubumbulaye tshimenga etshi mu ngondo wa Kashipu 332 K.B.B.

Aleksandre kakaluisha Yelushalema to, bualu benamu bakadilambula nkayabu, ke Aleksandre kutungunukaye mutangile ku sude, kukuataye Gaza. Bu mukavua bena mu Ejipitu batshiokesha kudi bukokeshi bua bena Pelasa, bakamuakidila bu mupandishi. Pakafikaye ku Mempi, wakafila milambu kudi nzambi-ngombe Apis, ne bualu ebu buakasankisha bakuidi bena Ejipitu bikole. Wakasa kabidi tshimenga tshia Alesandelia tshitshidi ne dîna diende too ne lelu; tshimenga etshi tshiakalua nsangilu munene uvua utembangana ne Atena mu malu a mamanya.

Kunyima, Aleksandre wakatangila ku nôde-esete: kupitshilaye mu Palestine mutangile ku Musulu wa Tigre. Mu 331 K.B.B., wakajula mvita misatu minene yakaluanganaye ne bena Pelasa, ku Gaugamèles, pabuipi ne bibundu bia Ninewe. Muaba eu ke uvua basalayi ba Aleksandre 47 000 batshimune tshiluilu tshilongolola tshiakabidi tshia bena Pelasa tshivua ne bantu batue ku 250 000! Dayawesha wakanyema ne kuluabu kumushipa kudi bantu bende mene.

Bu muvuaye usanka bua matunga akavuaye mukuate, Aleksandre wakaya ku sude ne kukuataye Babulona, tshimenga tshikulu tshia mashika ­tshivua ku bukokeshi bua bena Pelasa. Wakakuata kabidi tshimenga tshikulu tshia Shushanaka ne tshia Persépolis, kunyengaye tshibutshilu tshinene tshia bena Pelasa ne kuoshaye ­nzubu munene wa mukalenge Shasete. Ndekelu wa bionso, tshimenga tshikulu tshia Akemeta tshiakakuluka. Pashishe muntu uvua wenda ukuata matunga ne lukasa wakakuata tshitupa tshivua tshishale tshia bena Pelasa; wakatungunuka mutangile ku esete too ne ku Musulu wa Indus, udi lelu mu ditunga dia ­Pakistan.

Pakasabukaye musulu wa Indus, mu tshitupa tshivua mutumba ne provense wa bena Pelasa wa Taxila, Aleksandre wakatuilangana ne muluishi kayi kutua tshiadi: Porus mfumu wa bena Inde. Aleksandre wakaluangana nende mvita yende minayi minene ya ndekelu mu Kabalashipu 326 K.B.B. Tshiluilu tshia Porus tshivua ne basalayi batue ku 35 000 ne nzevu 200 yakatshingisha tubalu tua basalayi bena Makedonia. Mvita ivua mikole be ne yakashipesha bantu ba bungi, kadi basalayi ba Aleksandre bakatshimuna. Porus wakela maboko muulu ne kuluaye muena mâyi wa Aleksandre.

Bidimu bikavua bipite pa muanda mukulu katshia basalayi ba mu Makedonia babuela mu Asia, ne bakavua batshioke ne bumvue kuabu kubasamine muoyo. Bu muvuabu bazengeja kudi mvita mikole ivuabu baluangane ne Porus, bakajinga bua kupingana kuabu. Nansha muakanjiye kuelakana, Aleksandre wakalua kuitaba tshivuabu bakeba. Gelika uvua mulue tshia bushuwa bukokeshi bua bukole. Bu muvuabu bateke bena Gelika mu matunga avuabu bakuate, muakulu ne bibidilu bia bena Gelika biakatangalaka mu ampire eu mujima.

MUNTU EU UDI MUAMBULE NGABU

Tshivua tshiambuluishe tshiluilu tshia mu Makedonia bua kushala tshisuikakane pamue mu bidimu bionso ebi bivuatshi tshienda tshikuata matunga tshivua bumuntu bua Aleksandre. Kunyima kua mvita, Aleksandre uvua ne tshibidilu tshia kuya kumona bavua batapike, ukenketa mputa yabu, utua basalayi makumbu bua malu a dikima avuabu benze, ne ubapesha bintu bua kubatumbisha bilondeshile malu avuabu benze. Kadi bua bavua bafua mu mvita, Aleksandre uvua wenza bua babajike ne lumu. Baledi ne bana ba aba bavua bafua mu mvita kabavua babafutshisha tshitadi nansha tshimue ne kabavua babenzeja mudimu mukuabu nansha umue to. Kunyima kua mvita, Aleksandre uvua ulongolola manaya a diluangana bua bantu bende kumonabu mua kujikija lutetuku. Umue musangu, uvua mene upesha balume bavua bafuma ku disela dikisha bua kumonabu mua kupitshisha muvu wa hiver pamue ne bakaji babu mu Makedonia. Malu aa akasaka basalayi bende bua kumunanga ne ­kumuanyisha bikole.

Pa bidi bitangila dibaka dia Aleksandre ne Roxane, muana wa mfumu wa mu Bactriane, mufundi muena Gelika Plutarque udi wamba ne: “Ntshia bushuwa bua se: uvua mumunange, kadi dibaka edi divua dimueneka dimukumbajile tshipatshila tshivuaye natshi. Bualu biakasankisha bantu ba mu ditunga edi divuaye mukuate bua kumumona usungula mukaji munkatshi mua bana babu, ne biakabasaka bua kumunanga bikole menemene, nangananga bua kumona ne: mu tshikondo atshi wakaleja didikanda dikole, nansha kumpala kua mukaji umuepele uvua mumutekeshile ampire wende, ne kakamanyangana nende anu pakamuselaye bimpe muvua mikenji ilomba.”

Aleksandre uvua kabidi unemeka mabaka a bantu bakuabu. Nansha muvua mukaji wa Mukalenge Dayawesha muikale munkatshi mua bantu bavuaye mukuate, wakenza bua bikale bamuleja kanemu. Bia muomumue, pakumvuaye ne: basalayi babidi ba mu Makedonia bavua bangate bakaji ba bamue bantu ba ku ba bende ku bukole, wakatuma dîyi bua babashipe pavuabu babasangana bapile.

Anu bu mamuende Olympias, Aleksandre uvua musue kutendelela bikole. Uvua ulambula milambu kumpala ne panyima pa mvita, ne uvua utempesha mbuku bua kumanya diumvuija dia bimue bimanyinu. Uvua uya kabidi kudi mutempi wa mbuku wa mu Ammon, mu ditunga dia Libue (Libye). Ne pavuaye ufika mu Babulona, uvua utumikila mêyi a bena Kasada avua atangila milambu, nangananga ya dilambula nzambi wa bena Babulona Bel (Marduk).

Nansha muvua Aleksandre muikale udia pa ndilu, ku ndekelu wakabanga kunua kupitshisha. Pavuaye anu unua dikopo dimue dia mvinyo uvua wakula bikole ne uditumbisha bua malu avuaye muenze. Bumue bua ku malu matambe bubi akenza Aleksandre buvua dishipa dia mulunda wende Clitus wakatandangana nende dimue dituku divuaye mukuatshike. Kadi Aleksandre wakadipisha bikole bua bualu ebu, kushalaye anu mulale mu bulalu matuku asatu majima, kayi udia, kayi unua. Ndekelu wa bionso, balunda bende bakamusengelela bua kudiaye.

Mu bungi bua matuku, dijinga divua nadi Aleksandre dia kupeta butumbi diakamupesha ngikadilu mikuabu mibi. Wakatuadija kuitaba ne lukasa malu onso a dishima avuabu babandangana nawu ne uvua uakengeshila bantu ne tshikisu tshikole menemene. Tshilejilu, pakamufikishabu ku ditaba ne: Philotas uvua pende mu tshifufu tshivuabu bele bua kumushipa, Aleksandre wakamushipesha yeye ne tatuende Parménion, mumupeshi muine wa ngenyi uvuaye weyemena bikole.

LUFU LUA ALEKSANDRE

Katupa kakese kunyima kua yeye mumane kupingana mu Babulona, Aleksandre wakasama malaria ne wowu kumushipa. Mu dia 13 Kabalashipu 323 K.B.B., kunyima kua yeye mumane kulala panu bidimu 32 ne ngondo 8 patupu, Aleksandre wakakuluka kumpala kua muluishi mutambe bunene, mbuena kuamba ne: lufu.

Bivua anu bu muakamba bena meji bakuabu ba mu Inde ne: “Wewe Mukalenge Aleksandre, muntu yonso eu utu ne tshitupa tshia buloba tshidi tshikumbanangane ne tshitudi basombe etshi; wewe udi anu mudi bantu bakuabu bonso, kadi anu bua lutambishi lupite, wewe kushiya buloba bua bakakuebe mutantshi mule, wewe kuya pa buloba bujima wenda udikebela ntatu ne uyikebela bantu bakuabu. Kadi mu katupa kîpi emu neufue, ne buloba buwikala nabu nebuikale anu budi bukumbane bua kutekapu tshitalu tshiebe.”

MMALU KAYI AUDI MUMVUE?

• Aleksandre Munene uvua nganyi?

• Mmvita kayi yakatuadija Aleksandre diakamue kunyima kua dipiana nkuasa wa bukalenge mu Makedonia?

• Lejabi amue a ku matunga avua Aleksandre mukuate.

• Ntshinyi tshitudi mua kuamba bua bumuntu bua Aleksandre?

[Karte]

(Bua kumona malu bimpe, tangila mu mukanda)

MATUNGA AVUA ALEKSANDRE MUKUATE

MAKEDONIA

EJIPITU

Babulona

Musulu wa Indus

[Tshimfuanyi]

Aleksandre

[Tshimfuanyi]

Aristote ne mulongi wende Aleksandre

[Full-page picture]

[Tshimfuanyi]

Mundadi udibu bamba ne: udi uleja Aleksandre Munene

[Kazubu/Bimfuanyi mu dibeji 162, 163]

BUKALENGE BUNENE BUDI BUPANDULUKA

BIBLE wakadianjila kumanyisha bua bukalenge bua Aleksandre Munene ne: buvua ne bua kukosoloka ne kupanduluka, ‘kadi kabavua babupiana kudi bana bende’ to. (Danyele 11:3, 4) Bilondeshile mulayi eu, munkatshi mua bidimu 14 biakalonda lufu lua tshikoso lua Aleksandre mu 323 K.B.B., bakashipa muanende Aleksandre IV wa mukaji wa kumbelu ne Héraclès muanende wa mukajende wa ndumba.

Mu tshidimu tshia 301 K.B.B., banayi ba ku ba-jenerale ba Alek­sandre bakaditeka mu nkuasa wa bukalenge mu ampire munene uvua mfumuabu muase. Jenerale Cassandre wakangata Makedonia ne Gelika. Jenerale Lisimake wakangata Asia Mukese ne Thrace. Selewuku I Nicator wakangata yeye Mesopotamia ne Sulia. Petolemeye Lagus anyi Petolemeye I, yeye wakakokesha mu Ejipitu ne mu Palestine. Bukalenge bumue bunene bua Aleksandre buakapatula makalenge anayi a bena Gelika.

Ku makalenge aa anayi a bena Gelika, bukokeshi bua Cassandre ke buvua kabuyi bunenge bikole to. Bidimu bikese kunyima kua Cassandre mumane kuangata bukokeshi, bana bende ba balume bavua ne bua kulondangana mu bukalenge bakafua bonso, ne mu 285 K.B.B., Lisimake kuangataye matunga a ku Mputu avua ku bukokeshi bua ­Ampire wa bena Gelika. Kunyima kua bidimu binayi, bakashipa Lisimake mu mvita kudi tshiluilu tshia Selewuku I Nicator, ke Selewuku kuangataye tshitupa tshinene tshia maloba a mu Asia. Selewuku wakalua wa kumpala wa ku bakalenge bakalondangana mu bukalenge mu Sulia. Wakasa Antiokia mu Sulia ne kuvuijaye musoko eu tshimenga tshiende tshikulu tshipiatshipia. Bakamushipa mu 281 K.B.B., kadi bakalenge bakalondangana mu bumfumu buakajadikaye bakatungunuka too ne mu 64 K.B.B. pakalua Jenerale Pompée wa mu Lomo kuvuija Sulia provense wa bena Lomo.

Ku makalenge anayi adi mapatukile ku ampire wa Aleksandre, bukalenge bua ba-Petolemeye ke buakanenga bikole. Petolemeye I wakadipesha muanzu wa mukalenge mu 305 K.B.B. ne wakalua wa kumpala wa ku bakalenge ba mu Makedonia anyi ba-Palô ba mu Ejipitu. Yeye mumane kuvuija Alesandelia tshimenga tshikulu, wakatuadija diakamue mudimu wa dikosolola bimpe tshimenga etshi. Umue wa ku nzubu minene yakibakishaye uvua tshilaminu tshia mikanda tshiende lumu tshia mu Alesandelia. Bua kulombola mudimu eu, Petolemeye wakalua ne mumanyi muende lumu muena Gelika wa mu Atena diende Démétrius de Phalère. Badi bamba muvua tshilaminu tshia mikanda etshi tshikale ne mivungu muliyare mujima mu bidimu lukama bia kumpala mu bikondo bietu ebi. Mulongo wa bamfumu ba Petolemeye wakatungunuka ne kukokesha mu Ejipitu too ne pakanyengabu Ejipitu kudi bena Lomo mu 30 K.B.B. Nunku ditunga dia Lomo diakapingana pa muaba wa Gelika bu bukokeshi bua bukole.

MMALU KAYI AUDI MUMVUE?

• Mmushindu kayi wakapanduluka ampire munene wa Aleksandre?

• Bakalenge ba mu mulongo wa Selewuku bakatungunuka ne kukokesha mu Sulia too ne mu tshidimu kayi?

• Ndîba kayi diakajika bukokeshi bua ba-Petolemeye mu Ejipitu?

[Karte]

(Bua kumona malu bimpe, tangila mu mukanda)

DIKOSOLOKA DIA AMPIRE WA ALEKSANDRE

Cassandre

Lisimake

Petolemeye I

Selewuku I

[Bimfuanyi]

Petolemeye I

Selewuku I

[Diumvuija dia bidi mu tshimfuanyi/Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 139]

(Bua kumona malu bimpe, tangila mu mukanda)

MAKOKESHI A BUKOLE A MU MULAYI WA DANYELE

Lupingu lunene (Danyele 2:31-45)

Nyama inayi ipatuka mu mâyi manene (Danyele 7:3-8, 17, 25)

DITUNGA DIA BABULONA kubangila mu 607 K.B.B.

BENA MADAI NE BENA PELASA kubangila mu 539 K.B.B.

GELIKA kubangila mu 331 K.B.B.

LOMO kubangila mu 30 K.B.B.

BUKOKESHI BUA BUKOLE BUA ÉTATS-UNIS NE ANGLETERRE kubangila mu 1763 B.B.

BULOBA BUPANDULUKE MU MALU A TSHIDIDI mu tshikondo tshia ku nshikidilu

[Tshimfuanyi dibeji dijima mu dibeji 128]

[Tshimfuanyi dibeji dijima mu dibeji 147]