MUTWE WAKAMA | VIÑANDA VIJE VIMWETHA MUINOVOKELELEMO MBIMBILIYA

Mbimbiliya Inakweta na Lelo kwa Kujeneka Kuvihya

VYUMA VINETHI KUIVIYITHA: Viñanda vya mu Mbimbiliya vya kulivanga nevi vivanungulwile vavithonekele ha mavulu vatumbula ngwavo Papyrus nambe ha parchment.a (2 Timateo 4:13) Mwafwa vika kuthoneka viñanda hali evi vyuma kunethi kunyongethele muthzimbu wa mu Mbimbiliya?

Mavulu a Papyrus kuwakolele, atha kutavuka nambe kukwakunyuka na kufutungukwa vwathi. Vaka-kulilongetha vya vaka-Ingito va Richard Parkinson na Stephen Quirke ngwavo: “Livulu lyacho lyatha kuviya na kuthothonyoka na kupwa lika ngwe likungu. Nga muwatulika mu njeke, ashangumuka kukwata mbundu na kuvola, cho nga muwashitika mu livu vantumbi nambe makenyi vatha kuwalya.” Mavulu amo a papyri muvawawanene vawakele hanja, cho omwo athzivile litanya na lime, aviyile vwathi.

Mavulu a kuthzenga a parchment apwa a kukola kutuvakana a papyrus, oloni nawo atha kuviya nga akala hanja haje heta litanya na lime na cheke.b Cho lalo tulongolo vawashaka manene. Mukemwo livulu lya Everyday Writing in the Graeco-Roman East linendeka ngwavo: “kwovoka kwawo kwapwa kuvethzika lika kethi kukola embwe.” Viñanda vya mu Mbimbiliya vyapandele kunyonga laja, mwafwa mavulu havavithoneke kuapwile a kukola.

MUYOVOKELELE MBIMBILIYA:Mu Yunda vashikile ngwavo mwene woshe napande ‘kulithonekela ikeye vavenya livulu lya Mashiko a Njambi’ kulumbununa mavulu 5 a maputukilo mu Mbimbiliya. (Kwituluka mu Mashiko 17:18) Kutundoho, vaje vapwile vitongwe mu kunungulula vathonekele mavulu amangi a kuthzenga aje a kwetele na mu chita cha myaka cha kulivanga. Vanu vathele kuwana awa mavulu mu masinangonge a mu Isalele na ku Masendoniya. (Luka 4:16, 17; Vilinga 17:11) Mavulu amo a kuthzenga a laja manene anatha vati kweta na lelo lino?

1. Njava; 2. Mbathzuvwila ya livulu lya kuthzenga lya Dead Sea Scrolls — Mavulu a kuthzenga aje vatumbula ngwavo Dead Sea Scrolls anakala myaka yaingi mu vinjava na mumamanya a kuchokola na mu mambo muje kumwethi kunyoka nyondthzi.

Limanya muvawanene mavulu amo a Mbimbiliya a kuthzenga

Philip W. Comfort, uje walilongetha vya Lithzivathano Lyaliha ngwendi: “VaYunda vashakele manene kwambatela viMbimbiliya vyavo vya kuthzenga mu vinjava mangana kethi viviye. Vaka-Kilisitu navo mukemwo muvakale na kulingila. Mukemwo viMbimbiliya vimo vya kuthzenga vakele na kuviwana mu vinjava, vikwavo vaviwanene mu mamanya a kuchokola na mu tu mambokisi twa mavaya.

VUVWA VUNATUNDU MU KULINGA NGOCHO: Vimbathzuvwila vyavingi vya viMbimbiliya vya kuthzenga vinete mu matangwa etu. Vimo vavithonekele myaka 2,000 kunima. Mbimbiliya ikeyo lika inakala na mavulu akuthzenga a kuthañulu aje anakala thimbu yailaha ngocho.

a Papyrus yapwa livulu lya kuthonekela livapanga ha muti wa mu mema wa lithzina lya Papyrus. Parchment cho vakaipanga ha vilambu vya tuthitu.

b Chakumwenako, lithzivathano lya kwambulula vya kulimanena kwa mafuti livalingile ku United States, valithonekele ha parchment. Omwo mwetile myaka 250, lyakwakunyukile, cho viñanda vivathonekeleho vyathzimanganene.