Erina ry’oMungu omo Masako w’Ekiebrania

Erina ry’oMungu, erikahandikawa omo syoherufi ini sy’Ekiebrania יהוה, rikabanika hakuhi ngendo 7 000 omo Masako w’Ekiebrania. Omo mbindula eno, esyoherufi ini esyo, esikahulawamo Tetragrame, sikabindulawamo “Yehova.” Eryo ryo rina erikabanika omo Biblia mo ngendo nyingyi kulenga awandi. Abahandika eBiblia babya bakahula oMungu omo mena mangyi w’erisikya, nga “Mutoki w’Ebyosi,” “Ow’endata Kutsibu,” na “Mukama.” Aliwe, Etetragrame ryo rina ry’oMungu eryo babya bakakolesya eryahula oMungu.

Yehova Mungu yo wabwira abahandika eBiblia ati babye bakakolesya erina riwe. Eky’erileberyako, Yehova mwasondola Yoeli erihandika ati: “Obuli mundu oyukabirikira erina rya Yehova akendisyasabulwa.” (Yoeli 2:32) Kandi oMungu mwasondola omuhandiki mughuma w’Esyonyimbo erihandika ati: “Abandu bosi baminye ngoko erina ryaghu ni Yehova kandi ngoko n’iwe musa uli endata kutsibu oko kihugho kyosi.” (Esyonyimbo 83:18) Erina ry’oMungu rikabanika hakuhi ngendo 700 omo kitabu ky’Esyonyimbo kisa. Ekyo ni kitabu ekiswiremo esyopoeme esyo abandu b’oMungu babya bakimba n’erisubirira musyo. Neryo busanaki erina ry’oMungu siriri omo mbindula nene sy’eBiblia? Busanaki embindula eno ikabanikamo erina rya “Yehova”? N’erina rya Yehova rikamaanisayaki?

Busanaki erina ry’oMungu siriri omo mbindula nene sy’eBiblia? Ebikaleka ni binene. Hane abakalengekanaya bati oMungu Omutoki w’Ebyosi syalaghire oko rina. Ebihaniriro by’Abayahudi mubyaleka abandi ibatabya bakakolesya erina ry’oMungu, alinga busana n’erilengekania bati ekyo kikendileka iritabya ribuyirire. Hane n’abandi abakabugha bati kyuwene erikolesya amena w’erisikya nga “Mukama” kutse “oMungu,” kundi sihali oyo wasi abandu nga babya bakasobolaryo bati. Aliwe abosi abo sibasingene busana n’ebikwamire:

• Abakabugha bati oMungu Omutoki w’Ebyosi syalaghire oko rina bakabya ibamibirirwa ngoko esyokopi sy’erimbere-mbere sy’Ekinywa kiwe, erihirako n’esy’oko mughulu w’embere Yesu abutawe, sinemo erina ry’oMungu. Ngoko twabiribugha, oMungu mwasondola abahandika eBiblia erihira erina riwe ry’omo Biblia ngendo hakuhi 7 000. Ekyo kikakanganaya ngoko anzire itwaminya erina riwe, n’eribya tukakolesyaryo.

• Abatafsiri abakalusaya erina ry’oMungu omo Biblia busana n’erikwama ebihaniriro by’Abayahudi, nabo bakibirirawa omwatsi mughuma w’omughaso. N’omo abahandiki balebe Bayahudi batabya bakahula erina ry’oMungu, mubatalusyaryo omo syokopi syabo sy’eBiblia. Ebitabu by’erilinga ebyafumbulawa e Kumrani, hakuhi n’Engetse Eyiholire, biswiremo erina ry’oMungu. Omughulu abatafsiri balebe b’eBiblia bakahandika “MUKAMA” omo herufi nene, omo milondo eyirimo erina ry’oMungu, bakakanganaya ngoko kwesi erina ry’oMungu ryanabya omo masako w’erimbere-mbere. Aliwe busanaki abatafsiri abo babiriyitswa erihira erindi rina omo mwanya w’erina ry’oMungu kutse erilusya ry’omo n’omo bakabya ibanasi ngoko ryabya omo masako wa kera? Nindi yo wabahamula erikola batya? Ibo bo banasi.

• Abakabugha bati siritolere erikolesya erina ry’oMungu kundi sitwasi ngoko ryabya rikasobolwa, sibebataleka erikolesya erina rya Yesu. Situlisobola erina rya Yesu ngoko Abakristo b’oko karne k’erimbere babya bakasobolaryo. Kitokekene Abakristo Bayahudi ibakahula Yesu mo Ye·shuʹa‛. N’erina ry’erisikya rya “Kristo,” irikasobolawa Ma·shiʹach, kutse “Masiya.” Abakristo abakabugha Ekigiriki ibakamwahulamo I·e·sousʹ Khri·stosʹ, n’abakabugha Ekilatini ibakamwahulamo Ieʹsus Chriʹstus. Ekirimu ky’oMungu mukyasondola embindula y’erina riwe omo Kigiriki ihandikawe omo Biblia, ekyo kikakanganaya ngoko Abakristo b’oko karne k’erimbere babya basingene eryahula erina ry’oMungu ngoko abandu bangyi babya bakahularyo omo mubughe wabo. Kutya, Ekomite y’Eribindula New World Bible Translation muyalangira ngoko kyuwene erikolesya erina “Yehova,” nomo sitwasi ndeke-ndeke ngoko erina ry’oMungu ryabya rikasobolwa omo Kiebrania kya kera.

Busanaki Embindula y’ekihugho kihya-kihya ikabanikamo erina rya “Yehova”? Omo Kinande, esyoherufi ini sy’Etetragrame (יהוה) sikahandikawa omo syokosone YHWH. Ngoko ebinywa byosi by’Ekiebrania kya kera byabya bikahandikwa, Etetragrame siyabyamo evwayele yosi-yosi. Abasomi b’Ekiebrania ibasi amavwayele w’erihiraho bakasoma.

Emyaka hakuhi elfu moya Amasako w’Ekiebrania abihwa erihandikwa, Abayahudi ababya basi emyatsi minene mubahiraho esyoalama sy’eriwatikya abandu eriminya amavwayele w’erihiraho omughulu bakasomo Ekiebrania. Aliwe oko mughulu oyo, abayahudi banene babya ibabirikirirya ebihaniriro ebikabugha biti si kyuwene eryahula erina ry’oMungu omo mulenge muli. Neryo mubabya bakakolesya awandi mena. Kilangiririkire ngoko omughulu babya bakahandika Etetragrame, amavwayele w’awandi mena gho babya bakahira omo syoherufi ini esikakolesibawa erihandika erina ry’oMungu. Busana n’ekyo, amasako wa kera awalimo esyoalama esikawatikaya omundu erisobola ekinywa sisiriwatikaya omundu eriminya ngoko erina ry’oMungu ryabya rikasobolwa omo Kiebrania kya kera. Abandi bakalengekanaya bati erina eryo irikasobolawa mo “Yawe,” aliwe abandi bali n’awandi malengekania. Ekitabu kighuma ky’erilinga ky’Engetse eyiholire ekirimo ekitswe ky’ekitabu ky’Abalawi omo Kigiriki kikabindula erina eryo mo Iao. N’abahandiki Bagiriki ba kera bati erina eryo ryabya rikasobolwa Iae, I·a·beʹ, ne I·a·ou·eʹ. Aliwe sitwangaminya oyusingene nga nindi. Ekyo twasi kya kino: Abaghombe b’oMungu ba kera ibakahula erina ry’oMungu omo Kiebrania. (Enzuko 13:4; Eriluayo 3:15) Kandi tunasi ngoko oMungu iniakakolesaya erina riwe ryo kangyi-kangyi akakania n’abandu biwe, kandi ngoko nabo ibakamwahula omo erina eryo bakakania naye, kandi ibakakolesayaryo bakakania n’abandi.— Eriluayo 6:2; 1 Abami 8:23; Esyonyimbo 99:9.

Neryo busanaki embindula eno yikakolesaya erina “Yehova”? Kundi hane esyobiblia sy’eyindi mibughe esikakolesaya erina eryo.

Erina ry’oMungu muryasungika engendo y’erimbere omo mbindula y’Ekingereza ya William Tyndale y’ebitabu bitano bya Musa eyahuluka oko 1530. Yirimo erina “Iehouah.” Ebiro bikalaba, erina ry’oMungu ryabya rikahandikwa ngoko emibughe yabya yikabinduka. Eky’erileberyako, oko 1612, Henry Ainsworth mwakolesya erina “Iehovah” omo mbindula yiwe y’ekitabu kyosi ky’Esyonyimbo. Enyuma sy’aho, oko 1639, omughulu embindula yiwe yasubawamo n’eritsapisibwa haghuma n’ebitabu bitano bya Musa, erina “Jehovah” muryakolesibwa. Oko 1901, ababindula eBiblia ye American Standard Version mubakolesya erina “Jehovah” aho erina ry’oMungu ryabya rikabanika omo Masako w’Ekiebrania.

Joseph Bryant Rotherham, omulume oyo wasi binene oko myatsi y’eBiblia, mwakangania ekyaleka iniakolesya erina “Jehovah” omo mwanya w’erina “Yahweh” omo kitabu kiwe Studies in the Psalms, ky’oko mwaka 1911. Mwabugha ati abya anzire erikolesya “erina eryo bandu banene abakasoma eBiblia basi (n’eryo balighire).” Oko 1930, oghundi mulume oyo wasi bingyi oko myatsi y’eBiblia ye A. F. Kirkpatrick naye mwabugha ebiri ng’ebyo Rotherham abugha. Mwabugha ati: “Abandu ba lino abasi esyokanuni sy’omubughe bakabugha bati ritolere erina ry’oMungu iryasobolwa mo Yahveh kutse Yahaveh; aliwe JEHOVAH ryo rina eryabirihanda emirihi omo Kingereza. Kandi, eky’omughaso si ry’eriminya ngoko erina eryo rikasobolawa, aliwe eky’omughaso ry’eriminya ngoko ni rina ry’omundu, si rina ry’erisikya nga ‘Mukama.’”

Erina rya Yehova rikamaanisayaki? Omo Kiebrania, erina Yehova rikalua omo verbe y’Ekiebrania eyikamaanisaya “eribya.” Abandu balebe abasi bingyi oko mubughe w’Ekiebrania bakalengekanaya bati everbe eyo yikakanganaya hane omundu mulebe kutse ekindu kilebe ekikaleka omwatsi mulebe iniakoleka. Neryo ekyo mukyawatikya Ekomite y’Eribindula e New World Bible Translation erilangira ngoko erina ry’oMungu rikamaanisaya “Akaleka ikyabya.” Hane n’abawite awandi malengekania, neryo situlihakikisaya tuti ayo w’amaana masa w’erina eryo. Aliwe amaana ayo atolere Yehova kundi iye yo wahangyika ebindu byosi, kandi akaberereraya ebyosi ebyo akalagha. Yo waleka ekihugho kyosi ikyabyaho n’ebihangikwa ebiwite ehakili ibyabyaho, kandi akabya inianemuberererya erisonda riwe.

Neryo amaana w’erina rya Yehova syatwirirye oko verbe eyiri omo Eriluayo 3:14, erisako erikabugha riti: “Ngendibya ekyo Ngayisogha Eribya” kutse, “Ngendibya ekyo Ngendibya.” Ebinywa ebyo sibirimo amaana wosi w’erina ry’oMungu. Aliwe bikakanganaya ngoko oMungu akabya ekyosi-kyosi ekitolere omo buli hali atoke eriberererya eby’anzire erikola. Neryo, nomo amaana w’erina ry’oMungu ahiriremo ekyo, amaana ayo syatwirirye oko ekyo akayisogha eribya. Kandi rikamaanisaya ngoko akayira ebihangyikwa biwe ngoko anzire kusudi erisonda riwe rikoleke.