Zimene Baibo Imakamba pa Nkhani ya Moyo na Imfa

Tikaŵelenga nkhani yokamba za cilengedwe m’buku ya m’Baibo ya Genesis, timaphunzila kuti Mulungu anauza munthu woyamba, Adamu, kuti: “Zipatso za mtengo uliwonse wa m’mundamu uzidya ndithu. Koma usadye zipatso za mtengo wodziŵitsa cabwino ndi coipa. Cifukwa tsiku limene udzadya, udzafa ndithu.” (Genesis 2:16, 17) Mau awa amaonetsa bwino kuti Adamu akanamvela lamulo la Mulungu, sembe sanafe. Akanapitiliza kukhala m’munda wa Edeni.

N’zacisoni kuti m’malo mosankha kumvela lamulo la Mulungu kuti akhale na moyo kwamuyaya, Adamu anasankha kusamvela. Anadya cipatso coletsedwa cimene mkazi wake, Hava, anam’patsa. (Genesis 3:1-6) Zotulukapo za kusamvela kumeneko zimatikhudza mpaka lelo. Pankhani imeneyi, mtumwi Paulo anakamba kuti: ‘Ucimo unaloŵa m’dziko kudzela mwa munthu mmodzi, ndi imfa kudzela mwa ucimo, imfayo n’kufalikila kwa anthu onse cifukwa onse anacimwa.’ (Aroma 5:12) “Munthu mmodzi” ameneyo ni Adamu. Koma kodi ucimo unali ciani? Nanga unatsogolela bwanji ku imfa?

Adamu anaphwanya lamulo la Mulungu mwadala. Zimene anacitazi ni chimo. (1 Yohane 3:4) Ndipo cilango ca ucimo ni imfa, monga mmene Mulungu anauzila Adamu. Zikanakhala kuti Adamu na mbadwa zake za m’tsogolo anamvela lamulo la Mulungu, sembe iwo sanacimwe na kulaŵa imfa. Mulungu sanapange anthu kuti azifa, koma kuti akhale na moyo kwamuyaya.

Palibe angatsutse kuti imfa sinafalikile kwa “anthu onse,” monga mmene Baibo imakambila. Koma kodi pali cinacake m’thupi mwathu cimene cimapitiliza kukhala na moyo tikafa? Ambili angayankhe kuti inde, cinacake m’thupi mwathu—cochedwa mzimu—sicimafa. Komabe, zimenezi zingatanthauze kuti Mulungu ananamiza Adamu. N’cifukwa ciani takamba conco? Cifukwa ngati cinacake m’thupi mwathu cimacoka tikafa na kukakhala ndi moyo kwinakwake, sembe imfa sikanakhala cilango ca ucimo, monga mmene Mulungu anakambila. Baibo imati: “N’zosatheka kuti Mulungu aname.” (Aheberi 6:18) Zoona zake n’zakuti Satana ndiye anakamba bodza pamene anauza Hava kuti: “Kufa simudzafa ayi.”—Genesis 3:4.

Izi zibweletsa funso lakuti, Ngati ciphunzitso cakuti mzimu sukufa n’cabodza, n’ciani cimacitika kweni-kweni munthu akafa?

BAIBO IPELEKA YANKHO LA ZOONA

Nkhani yokamba za cilengedwe m’buku la Genesis limati: “Yehova Mulungu anaumba munthu kucokela kufumbi lapansi, ndipo anauzila mpweya wa moyo m’mphuno mwake, munthuyo n’kukhala wamoyo.” Mau akuti “wamoyo” anamasulidwa kucokela ku liu la Ciheberi lakuti ne’phesh, limene limatanthauza “colengedwa copuma.”—Genesis 2:7, nwt-E mau amunsi.

Apa Baibo imaonetsa bwino kuti anthu sanalengedwe ndi mzimu umene sukufa iyai. Komabe, munthu aliyense ni ‘moyo.’ Ndiye cifukwa cake, ngati mwafufuza m’Baibo, simudzapezamo vesi imene pali mau akuti “mzimu wosafa.”

Popeza Baibo sikamba kuti anthu ali ndi cinacake m’thupi mwawo cimene ena amati mzimu umene sukufa, n’cifukwa ciani machechi ambili amaphunzitsa zimenezi? Kuti tipeze yankho, tifunika kuganizila za dziko la Iguputo wakale.

CIPHUNZITSO CACIKUNJA CIFALIKILA

Herodotus, katswili wacigiriki wolemba mbili yakale wa m’zaka za m’ma 400 B.C.E., anakamba kuti Aiguputo ndiwo anali “anthu oyamba kuikila kumbuyo ciphunzitso cakuti mzimu wa munthu sukufa.” Nawonso Ababulo akale anacilikiza zakuti mzimu sukufa. Podzafika m’nthawi imene Alexander Wamkulu anagonjetsa cigawo ca Middle East mu 332 B.C.E., akatswili acigiriki anali atafalitsa ciphunzitso cimeneci, ndipo m’kupita kwa nthawi cinafalikila mu Ufumu wa Girisi.

M’zaka 100 zoyambilila, magulu aŵili ochuka aciyuda, Aesene ndi Afarisi, anali kuphunzitsa kuti munthu akafa, mzimu wake umapitiliza kukhala na moyo. Buku yakuti The Jewish Encyclopedia inati: “Ayuda anayamba kukhulupilila kuti mzimu sukufa pambuyo potengela maganizo a Agiriki, makamaka cifukwa ca ciphunzitso ca Plato.” Nayenso Josephus, wolemba mbili waciyuda wa m’zaka 100 zoyambilila, anakamba kuti ciphunzitso cimeneci si ca m’Malemba Oyela, koma “ni cikhulupililo ca Agiriki,” cimene anaona kuti n’cozikidwa pa nthano zabodza.

Cikhalidwe ca Agiriki citafala kwambili, anthu odzicha Akhristu, nawonso anatengela ciphunzitso cacikunja cimeneci. Wolemba mbili yakale dzina lake Jona Lendering anakamba kuti “maganizo a Plato akuti mzimu wathu unali kukhala m’dziko labwino koma tsopano ukukhala kumalo osayenela, anapangitsa kuti kukhale kosavuta kusanganiza ciphunzitso ca Plato ndi Cikhristu.” Conco, ciphunzitso cacikunja cakuti mzimu sukufa cinaloŵa mu “Cikhristu,” ndipo cinakhala mbali yaikulu ya zikhulupililo za machechi.

“COONADI CIDZAKUMASULANI”

M’zaka 100 zoyambilila, mtumwi Paulo anacenjeza kuti: “Mau ouzilidwa amanenadi kuti m’nthawi zam’tsogolo, ena adzagwa pa cikhulupililo, cifukwa comvetsela mau ouzilidwa omwe ndi osoceletsa, ndiponso ziphunzitso za ziŵanda.” (1 Timoteyo 4:1) Izi zinacitikadi. Ciphunzitso cakuti mzimu sukufa n’cimodzi mwa “ziphunzitso za ziŵanda.” Si cocokela m’Baibo, koma cinayambila ku zipembedzo zakale zacikunja ndi nzelu za anthu.

Ndife okondwa kuti Yesu anati: “Mudzadziŵa coonadi, ndipo coonadi cidzakumasulani.” (Yohane 8:32) Kudziŵa coonadi colongosoka copezeka m’Baibo kumatimasula ku ziphunzitso zosalemekeza Mulungu, ndi ku miyambo ya zipembedzo zambili padziko lapansi. Kuonjezela apo, coonadi ca m’Mau a Mulungu cimatimasula ku zikhulupililo ndi zamatsenga zogwilizana ndi imfa.—Onani bokosi yakuti “Kodi Akufa Ali Kuti?”

Mlengi wathu sanalenge anthu kuti azikhala zaka 70 kapena 80 padziko lapansi, ndiyeno n’kupita kukakhala kwamuyaya kumalo ena ake. Colinga cake ca poyamba cinali cakuti anthu akhale kwamuyaya pano padziko lapansi monga ana ake omvela. Colinga cake cacikulu cimeneci cimaonetsa cikondi ca Mulungu pa anthu, ndipo sicidzalephela olo pang’ono. (Malaki 3:6) Wamasalimo anauzilidwa kulemba kuti: “Olungama adzalandila dziko lapansi, ndipo adzakhala mmenemo kwamuyaya.”—Salimo 37:29.