Baibuli Ekarindwa Obutumwa Bwayo Tibwahindurwa

EKYABAIRE NIKYERARIKIRIZA: Okuhiiganisibwa n’okusiisikara tibirabaasize kucwekyereza Baibuli. Kwonka, bamwe aha bahandiiki n’abavunuuzi bakateeraho kuhindura obutumwa bwa Baibuli. Obumwe, bakaba bateeraho kuhikaanisa Baibuli n’enyegyesa zaabo omu mwanya gw’okuhikaanisa enyegyesa zaabo na Baibuli. Reeba bimwe aha by’okureeberaho:

• Omwanya gw’okuramizamu: Ahagati y’ekyasha kya kana n’ekya kabiri Yesu atakazairwe, Abasamaria abaahandiikire ekitabo Pentateuch, omu Okuruga 20:17 bakatamu ebigambo ebi: “Omu Aaragaareezemu. Kandi okwo niyo oryombeka eitambiro.” N’ahabw’ekyo Abasamaria bakaba nibenda kureetera Ebyahandiikirwe kubashagika omu kwombeka hekalu omu “Aaragaareezemu,” nari aha Rushozi Gerizimu.

• Enyegyesa y’obushatu: Bwanyima y’emyaka etarikuhika 300 Baibuli eherize kuhandiikwa, orikuhandiika aha bushatu akongyera omuri 1 Yohaana 5:7 ebigambo ebi: “Omu iguru, Tataitwe, Kigambo, n’Omwoyo Gurikwera: kandi aba bashatu ni bamwe.” Ebigambo ebyo bikaba bitari mu bihandiiko eby’okubanza. Omucondooza aha Baibuli orikwetwa Bruce Metzger akagira ngu kuruga omu kyasha kya mukaaga n’okweyongyerayo, ebigambo ebyo bikatandika kushangwa munonga omu bihandiiko bingi eby’Orulatini.

• Eiziina rya Ruhanga: Abavunuuzi baingi ba Baibuli barikugyendera aha migyenzo y’Abayudaaya, bakacwamu kwiha eiziina rya Ruhanga omu Byahandiikirwe. Omu mwanya gw’eiziina eryo bakatamu ebitiinisa nka “Ruhanga” nari “Mukama,” ebitiinisa ebirikubaasa kukoresibwa aha Muhangi, abantu, ebintu ebirikuramibwa, nangwa n’Omuregi.​—Yohaana 10:34, 35; 1 Abakorinso 8:5, 6; 2 Abakorinso 4:4.a

OKU BAIBULI YAARINZIRWE: Omuringo gw’okubanza, n’obu abarikukopoorora Baibuli abamwe baabaire batarikufayo nari barikutamu ebyabo, abaingi bakaba nibeetegyereza kandi bari abegyendesereza. Ahagati y’ekyasha kya mukaaga n’ekya ikumi, Baamasoreti bakakopoorora Ebyahandiikirwe by’Oruheburaayo ebirikwetwa ebihandiiko bya Masoreti. Nibamanywa nk’abaabaire babara ebigambo n’enyuguta kuhamya ngu tiharimu nshobe. Ahu baabaire bashanga enshobe omu bihandiiko ebi baabaire nibakopoororamu, bakaba booreka ahu enshobe ezo ziri. Baamasoreti bakanga kuhindura ebiri omu Baibuli. Omuhangu aha bihandiiko bya Baibuli eby’Oruheburaayo akahandiika ati: “Okuhindura ekigyendererwa kyabo, kikaba nikitwarwa nk’okukora omushango gw’amaani aharibo.”

Ogwa kabiri, ebihandiiko bingi obunaku obu buzima nibihwera abarikucondooza aha Baibuli kureeba ahu enshobe ziri. Nk’eky’okureeberaho, abeebembezi b’ediini kumara ebyasha bingi bakaba nibeegyesa ngu envunuura zaabo ez’Orulatini zihikire nk’ebihandiiko bya Baibuli. Kwonka, omu 1 Yohaana 5:7, bakoongyeramu ebigambo bitahikire ebyaba byagambirweho omu kicweka eki. Enshobe egyo ekagumizamu yaateebwa n’omu nvunuura y’Orungyereza eya King James! Kwonka ebihandiiko ebindi ku byajumbwirwe, bikooreka ki? Bruce Metzger akahandiika ati: ‘Ebigambo ebiri [omu 1 Yohaana 5:7] tibiri omu bihandiiko ebya ira byona nk’ebya (Siria, Misri, Amenia, Esiopia, Buharabu, na Slavonia), kureka n’omu Rulatini.’ N’ekyarugiremu, envunuura eza King James ezihindwirwemu tizirimu ebigambo ebyo eby’enshobe.

Mbwenu shi ebihandiiko ebya ira nibihamya ngu obutumwa bwa Baibuli burinzirwe? Emizingo y’aha Dead Sea ku yaazoirwe omuri 1947, abacondooza bakabaasa kugyeragyeranisa ebihandiiko bya Masoreti eby’Oruheburaayo n’ebyo ebyabaire biri omu mizingo ei baaboine eyaabaire ehandiikirwe emyaka erengire rukumi enyima. Omwe aha baabaire nibashwijuma emizingo eya Dead Sea akahendera arikugira ngu omuzingo gumwe “gurimu obuhame obutarikubaasa kubanganisibwa ngu ebihandiiko bya Baibuli ebyahandiikirwe abahandiiki Abaheburaayo bukahandiikwa omu bwesigwa n’obwegyendesereza.”

Raiburare erikwetwa Chester Beatty omuri Dublin, Ireland, neeyoreka ebihandiiko bingi ebyabaire bihandiikirwe aha bintu ebikozirwe omu bifunjo ebirikwenda kuhikaana n’ebiri omu bitabo byona eby’Orugriika, otwariiremu n’ebihandiiko ebyahandiikirwe omu kyasha kya kabiri, bwanyima y’emyaka nka 100 Baibuli eherize kuhandiikwa. Ekitabo The Anchor Bible Dictionary nikigira ngu “n’obu ebihandiiko ebyo birimu ebindi ebisya, nabyo nibyoreka ngu birimu ebyafaayo bya Baibuli ebihikire.”

EKYARUGIREMU: Ebihandiiko bingi bya Baibuli bireeteire Ebyahandiikirwe kubonera omu mwanya gw’okubishiisha. Ow’ekitiinisa Frederic Kenyon akahandiika aha Byahandiikirwe eby’Orugriika ati: “Tihariho ekindi kitabo kya ira ekiine ebihandiiko bingi by’okujurizamu,” nka Baibuli “kandi tihariho mucondooza wa ira orikuhakanisa ngu ebihandiiko ebi twatungire bikishugaine.” Kandi aha bikwatiraine n’Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Oruheburaayo, omucondooza orikwetwa William Henry Green akagira ati: “Nikibaasa kugambwa gye ngu tihariho bundi butumwa bwa ira obwakopooroirwe gye,” nk’oburikukwata aha Baibuli.