KAHPWALO: Tuhke papyrus oh kilin mahn me sounnting en Paipel kan kin doadoahngki pwehn nting loale.a (2 Timoty 4:13) Ia duwen dipwisou pwukat eh kahrehiong Paipel en kak pitsang nan soahng keper kan?

Papyrus kin kehtei, poh kan kin mengei en kohsang, oh kin mwadang ohla. Richard Parkinson oh Stephen Quirke me kin samanih duwen poadopoad en Isip koasoia: “Tehn doaropwe ehu kak ekisekis mengila wiahla diper en dihpw oh wiahla pwelpar. Ni ahnsou me e kin mi nan imwen nahk, ehu limilim en doaropwe ko kak mwoasoahngotla oh lomwolomwla oh mahn akan me duwehte kitik de kisin mahn tikitik kan kak kangala, keieu ketitik pwetepwet kan kin kangala ni ahnsou me re kin sarepedi doaropweo.” Ekei papyrus mwurin ar dierek, ni marain oh karakar ar kin lel, e kin kahrehiong en mwadang ohla.

Doaropwe me kohsang kilin mahn kehlailasang papyrus ahpw e pil kak ohla de meringla ma sohte kanahieng de kin mi nan soangen wasa kan me nohn karakar, madekeng, de marain.b Kisin mahn tikitik kan kin perenki kangala doaropwe pwukat. Ihme kahrehda tohto pwuhk en mahs kan sohte pitila leledo rahnwet. Ma Paipel pil ohla duwe met, rohng kan loale pil pahn iangete salongala.

IA DUWEN PAIPEL EH PITILA: Nin duwen kosonned en mehn Suhs, nanmwarki koaros anahne “sapwellimanki ehu pwuhken pelien kosonned akan en Koht oh padahk kan me pahn ntingdihsang” keieun pwuhk limau kan en Paipel. (Deuderonomi 17:18) Pil irail me saman kan wiahda doaropwe tohto ni mwehin tepin Kristian akan. Paipel kin dierek nan sinakoke kan wasa koaros nan Israel pil lella wasa doh Masedonia! (Luk 4:16, 17; Wiewia 17:11) Ia duwen ekei doaropwe mering pwukat ar pitla leledo rahnwet?

Emen me samanih pwuhken Kadehde Kapw adaneki Philip W. Comfort koasoia: “Mehn Suhs kan kin pwilikihdi doaropwehn Paipel limilim kan nan sah pwehl pwehn nekidala en dehr ohla.” Pil sansal rehn Kristian akan me re kin usehlahte wiewia tiahk wet. Kahrehda, ekei doaropwehn mahs en Paipel dierekda mihmi nan sah pwehl kan, de pil nan wasa rotorot en nahk dipwisou de nan pwohkung kan oh wasa me inenen madekeng kan.

IMWILA: Tehn doaropwehn mahs en Paipel kid kei, ekei rehrail nekinekla mwahu daulih sounpar 2,000, pitila leledo rahnwet. Sohte ehu pwuhken mahs me duwehte met me mie doaropwe tohto me pitila sangete mahs.

KAHPWALO: Tohto palien politik oh kaunen pelien lamalam kan kin wiahda koasoandi me uhwong rohng en Paipel. Re kin kalapw doadoahngki ar manaman en kauhdi aramas en dehr naineki, wiahda, de kawehwehdi Paipel. Tehk karasepe riau pwukat:

• Mpen pahr 167 Mwohn Krais: Nanmwarki en Seleucia Antiochus Epiphanes, kin idingkihong mehn Suhs kan ong pelien lamalam en Krihk, lohkidahr me doaropwe koaros en Palien Paipel ni Lokaiahn Ipru en kasohrala. Soupoad Heinrich Graetz ntingihdi me nah opiser kan kin “kauwehla oh isikala pwuhk en Kosonnedo ni ar kin diarada, oh kemehla irail kan me re diarada me kin wadek oh ale kehl oh nsenamwahu sang ar wadek Paipel.”

• Erein pahr 500 lel 1500: Ekei kaunen Kadolik kan lingeringerkihda ekei tohn ar mwomwohdiso kan ar kalokalohki dahme Paipel kin padahngki a kaidehn padahk en Kadolik kan, re kin wiahki sohte lipilipil tohnmwomwohdiso men me naineki Paipel likin Melkahka kan ni lokaiahn Latin nin duwen aramas ekei me uhtohrkihda pein ar pwoson. Emen sounkaweid kamanahla ekei ohl en “tengediong, loalopwoatohng, oh ahnsou koaros rapahki irail me uhtohrkihda pein ar pwoson . . . ni ar pahn rapahki irail nan imwarail kan oh wasa me re kin rukula ie pwehki mie neirail Paipel. . . . Ihmw kan me re diarada aramas pwukat ie pahn kasohrala.”

Ma irail me uhwong Paipel pweida arail doadoahk en kauwehla Paipel, rohng kan loale pahn salongala.

IA DUWEN PAIPEL EH PITILA: Ahn Nanmwarki Antiochus kalohko wiawihte nan Israel, ahpw mehn Suhs kan wiahda arail kousapw kan nan sahpw tohto. Ni mehlel irail me samanih Paipel kan kasalehda me ni mwehin tepin Kristian kan, daulih persent 60 en mehn Suhs kan kin kousoan likin kahnimw en Israel. Nan arail sinakoke kan, mehn Suhs kan kin nekidala neirail Paipel kan, Paipelkohte me dih en mwuhr kan kin doadoahngki iangahki Kristian kan.​—Wiewia 15:21.

Erein pahr 500 lel 1500, irail me kin poakohng Paipel kan powehdi kalokolok kan oh pousehlahte kawehwe oh ntingihada Paipel. Pil mwohn eh miehla misihn en wiahda pwuhk kan me tepida sang nan pahr 1450 samwa, ekei wasa kan nan Paipel ele mihier ni lokaia 33. Mwurin mwo, Paipel kawehwehdi oh wiawihda ni mwadang, ehdin eh wiawi sangete mahs.

IMWILA: Mendahki nanmwarki kehlail kan oh kaunen sarawi kan me ale kaweid sapwung kin kahpwalihala oh kamasak wiawihdahn Paipel, nan poadopoad iei pwuhk wet me keieu kawehwehdiong ni lokaia kan oh kohpeseng wasa koaros. E pil kin kamwahwihala kosonned en ekei sahpw akan oh lokaiahn ekei sahpw, pil mour en aramas rar kei.

KAHPWALO: Kahpwal kan me kak kauwehla Paipel duwehte meringla de ohla oh uhwong kan saikinte kauwehla Paipel. Ahpw, ekei sounnting kan oh sounkawehwe kan kin song en wekidala rohng en Paipel. Ekei pak, irail kin song en wiahiong Paipel en pwungiong arail padahk kan a kaidehn en kapahrekiong arail padahk kan ong Paipel. Tehk ekei karasepe kan:

• Wasahn kaudok: Nanpwungen pahr 300 oh 100 Mwohn Krais, sounnting kan en nein mehn Sameria Pentateuch kapatahiong lepin lokaia pwukat nan Eksodus 20:17, “nan Aargaareezem. Oh wasao me ke pahn wiahda pei sarawi ie.” Mehn Sameria kan men wiahiong iren Paipelo en utung kokoudahn tehnpaso nan “Aargaareezem,” de Nahna Kerisim.

• Padahk en Trinity: Mwotomwotsang sounpar 300 mwurin Paipel eh wiawihda, sounnting me kamehlele Trinity kapatahiong nan 1 Sohn 5:7 koasoi pwukat “nanleng, Sahmo, Mahseno, oh Ngehn Sarawi: oh meh siluh pwukat wia mehtehmen.” Koasoi pwuko sohte pwarada nan tepin nting kan. Emen me samanih Paipel Bruce Metzger koasoia me “sangete nan pahr 500 samwa kohdo,” koasoi pwuko “kin kalapw dierek nan doaropwe kan en Latin en mahso oh [Latin] Vulgate.”

• Mwaren Koht: Sang ni manaman en kihlenwo me mehn Suhs kan ahneki, sounkawehwehn Paipel tohto pilada en kihsang mwaren Koht nan Paipel. Irail wiliankihdi mwar wet ong lengileng kan me duwehte “Koht” de “Kauno,” lengileng pwukat sohte kin wehwehkiongete Sounkapikadao ahpw pil ong aramas akan, dikedik kan ong kaudok likamw, oh pil Tepilo.​—Sohn 10:34, 35; 1 Korint 8:5, 6; 2 Korint 4:4.a

IA DUWEN PAIPEL EH PITILA: Keieu, mendahki ekei sounnting en Paipel kan kin salelepek de pil likamw, ahpw me tohto uhdahn koahiek oh kin wia soahng kan ni pisetik. Nanpwungen pahr 500 oh 900, pwuhk en Masoret kin kohsang sounnting en Masoret kan me kin alasang Palien Paipel ni Lokaiahn Ipru. Ripoht kasalehda me irail kin wadek lepin lokaia oh mesen nting kan pwehn tehk kanahieng pwe de mie wasa kan me sapwungala. Wasa me irail kin diarada mehkot sapwung nan tepin nting ko me re doadoahngki, irail kin kilelehdi. Sounnting en Masoret kan sohte men kasapwungehla soahng kan me ntingdi nan Paipel. Sounpadahk Moshe Goshen-Gottstein ntingihdi, “en men wekidala dahme ntingdier kak wia wiewia me keieu mwersuwed me re kak wiahda.”

Keriau, pwehki tohtohlahn doaropwehn mahs akan me dierek, met sewese irail me samanih Paipel kan en diarada sapwung kan. Karasepe, kaun en lamalam kan wereilahr ar kin padahngki me neirail pwuhk kan me ntingdi ni Latin iei me keieu duwehte Paipel en mahso. Ahpw, nan 1 Sohn 5:7, re kapatahiong lepin lokaia kei me sohte pwung me kitail koasoiapene ni tepidahn oaralap wet. Sapwung wet pil pwarada nan King James Version lokaiahn wai! Ahpw ni ahnsou me doaropwehn mahs teikan dierek, dahme re kasalehda? Bruce Metzger ntingihedi: “Ire me [mi nan 1 Sohn 5:7] sohte sansalda nan kisin doaropwehn mahs ko me dierek ni soangen lokaiahn (Syriac, Coptic, Armenian, Ethiopic, Arabic, Slavonic), ihte nan lokaiahn Latin me mie.” Imwilahn met, kawehwehpen pwuhken King James Version oh Paipel teikan pwurehng wiawi pwehn kihsang koasoi sapwung ko.

Ia duwe, kisin doaropwehn mahs kan kadehdehda me rohng en Paipel duduwehte? Ni ahnsou me doaropwehn mahs me adaneki Dead Sea Scrolls dierek nan pahr 1947, irail saman kan kakehr kapahrekihong pwuhken Masoret en Ipru ong dahme mi nan Paipel me ntingdier daulih sounpar kid samwalahro. Emen tohn pwihn me kin kapahrekihpene doaropwehn mahs Dead Sea Scrolls oaralapihada me ehu rehn doaropwe limilim ko “kihda mehn kadehde me sohte peikidpe me sounnting en mehn Suhs kan, ni ar kin nting alasang nting en Paipel kan daulih sounpar kid kei, re kin wia doadoahk ni loalopwoat oh keneinei.”

Library en Chester Beatty nan Dublin, Ireland, kin nekinekid doaropwe kan me wiawihsang papyrus me kereniong koaros pwuhk kan en Palien Paipel ni Lokaiahn Krihk kin mi nan doaropwe ko, iangahki doaropwehn mahs kan me mi nan pahr 101-200, sounpar 100 keite mwurin Paipelo pwon eh wiawihda. The Anchor Bible Dictionary kawehwehda: “Mendahki doaropwe kan me kohsang Papyrus kin kihda oaritik kapw tohto me pid oaritik kan en lepin lokaia kan, re pil kin kasalehda uwen kapwuriamwei en kawehwehn Paipel eh sohte kin wekila.”

IMWILA: Uwen meringlahn oh tohtohn doaropwehn mahs en Paipel kan me dierek kin kamwahwihala ntingdahn Paipel a kaidehn kasapwungehla nting kan. Sir Frederic Kenyon koasoia duwen Palien Paipel ni Lokaiahn Krihk ni eh ntingihedi: “Sohte pwuhken mahs ehu me ahneki mehn kadehde tohto duwen nting kan loale, oh sohte emen saman me kak en kalikamwe me nting kan loale nekinekla mwahu lao leledo rehtail.” Oh me pid Palien Paipel ni Lokaiahn Ipru, emen me samanih Paipel me adaneki William Henry Green koasoia: “Ele e konehng kitail en nda me sohte ehu doadoahk en nekidala kepwehn mahs akan me nekinekla oh kawehwehda ni keneinei oh pwung.”