Ukurwanya izina ry’Imana

UYO muntu yitwa Hananiah ben Teradion. Yari incabwenge y’Umuyuda yo mu kinjana ca kabiri G.C., kandi yari azwi ko agirisha amakoraniro ku mugaragaro, muri yo akigisha ibivuye muri Sefer Torah, ikizingo kirimwo ibitabu bitanu vya mbere vyo muri Bibiliya. Ben Teradion yari azwi kandi ko akoresha izina ry’Imana ry’uruharo be n’uko aryigisha abandi. Uravye ukuntu ivyo bitabu bitanu vya mbere vya Bibiliya birimwo izina ry’Imana incuro zirenga 1.800, yari gushobora gute kwigisha Torah atigishije izina ry’Imana?

Ariko rero, igihe ca Ben Teradion cari igihe c’ingeramizi ku ncabwenge z’Abayuda. Nk’uko abatohozakahise b’Abayuda babivuga, umwami w’abami w’Umuroma yari yarashinze itegeko ribuza kwigisha canke gukurikira idini y’Abayuda, uwurirenzeko agacirwa urwo gupfa. Amaherezo, Abaroma barafashe Ben Teradion. Igihe bamufata, yari afise ikopi ya Sefer Torah. Ariko ariregura ku bariko baramwagiriza, yaremeye icese yuko mu kwigisha Bibiliya, yariko gusa agamburuka ibwirizwa ry’Imana. Naho ari ukwo, yaciriwe urwo gupfa.

Ku musi agandagurwa, Ben Teradion yazingiwe muri ca kizingo nyene ca Bibiliya yari afise igihe bamufata. Yaciye aturirirwa ku giti. Inkoranyabumenyi imwe (Encyclopaedia Judaica) ivuga yuko “kugira ngo batume abandanya kubabara, bafashe udutu tw’ubwoya bajobetse mu mazi badushira ku mutima wiwe kugira ngo ntace apfa ningoga”. Muri ico gihano, umugore wiwe na wenyene yarishwe, umukobwa wiwe na we aragurishwa ku nzu y’abamaraya.

Naho Abaroma ari bo bagirwa n’iryo gandagurwa bunyamaswa rya Ben Teradion, igitabu Talimudia kivuga yuko “ico gihano co guturirwa yagihawe kubera yuko yavuze iryo zina mu ndome zose zirigize”. Emwe, ku Bayuda, kuvuga izina ry’Imana ry’uruharo mu vy’ukuri cari icaha gikomeye.

Ibwirizwa rya gatatu

Biragaragara yuko mu kinjana ca mbere n’ica kabiri G.C. ari ho umuziririzo ujanye no gukoresha izina ry’Imana watsimbatara mu Bayuda. Igitabu citwa Mishnah (icegeranyo c’insiguro z’abarabi zahavuye ziba ishingiro rya Talimudi) kivuga yuko “umuntu wese avuga izina ry’Imana nk’uko ryandikwa”, ata mugabane afise mw’Iparadizo yo kw’isi yo muri kazoza yasezeranywe n’Imana.

Mwene iryo tegeko ribuza kuvuga izina ry’Imana ryakomotse hehe? Bamwebamwe bavuga yuko Abayuda babona ko izina ry’Imana ari ryeranda cane ku buryo abantu b’abanyagasembwa batoshobora kurivuga. Amaherezo, harabaye ukugonanwa mbere no ku bijanye n’ukuryandika. Nk’uko igitabu kimwe kibivuga, ubwo bwoba bwaje bivuye ku gutinya ko ico banditseko iryo zina impera n’imperuka cotabwa mu mwavu, bigatuma izina ry’Imana rihumanywa.

Ya nkoranyabumenyi (Encyclopaedia Judaica) ivuga yuko “ukwirinda kuvuga izina YHWH . . . kwavuye ku gutahura ukutari kwo ibwirizwa rya gatatu”. Ibwirizwa rigira gatatu muri ya mabwirizwa cumi Imana yaha Abisirayeli rivuga riti: “Ntugapfe kuvuga izina ryanje, jewe [“Yehova”, NW] Imana yawe, ku vy’ubusābusa; kuk’uworivuga ku vy’ubusābusa, jewe [“Yehova”, NW] ntobura kubimuhōra” (Kuvayo 20:7). Ku bw’ivyo, itegeko Imana yavumereye ribuza gukoresha izina ryayo mu buryo butabereye, ryaragoretswe rigirwa umuziririzo.

Birumvikana ko ata n’umwe muri iki gihe yovuga yuko Imana yoshima ko umuntu aturirirwa ku giti ahorwa kuvuga izina ryayo! Yamara, imigenzo y’Abayuda ku bijanye n’izina ry’Imana ry’uruharo iracabandanya. Benshi babandanya kuvuga yuko ya Tetaragarama ari “izina ata woshobora kurivuga”. Mu migwi y’abantu imwimwe, ibintu vyose vyerekeza ku Mana bavyatura ukutari kwo n’ibigirankana kugira ngo birinde kurenga ku migenzo. Nk’akarorero, impfunyapfunyo y’izina ry’uruharo ry’Imana Ya, baryatura Ka. Haleluya baryatura Haleluka. Bamwebamwe mbere baririnda kwandika izina “Imana” mu ndome zose.

Utundi twigoro two guhisha iryo zina

Idini y’Abayuda si yo yonyene yirinda gukoresha izina ry’Imana. Rimbura ivya Jérôme, uwari umupatiri w’umugatolika akaba n’umunyamabanga wa Papa Damase wa mbere. Mu mwaka wa 405 G.C. ni ho Jérôme yasozera igikorwa ciwe co guhindura Bibiliya yose uko ingana mu kilatini, iyahavuye imenyekana ko ari impinduro y’ikilatini yitwa Vulgate. Jérôme ntiyashizemwo izina ry’Imana muri iyo mpinduro yiwe. Ahubwo riho, akurikije umugenzo wo mu gihe ciwe, izina ry’Imana yarisubirije amajambo “Umukama” na “Imana”. Iyo mpinduro y’ikilatini yitwa Vulgate yacitse impinduro ya Bibiliya y’abagatolika ya mbere yemewe yongera iba ishimikiro ry’izindi mpinduro nyinshi zahinduwe mu ndimi zitari nke.

Nk’akarorero, impinduro yitwa Douay Version, ikaba ari impinduro ya gatolika yasohowe mu 1610, ahanini yari ya Bibiliya y’ikilatini yitwa Vulgate bahinduye mu congereza. Ntibitangaje rero kubona iyo Bibiliya itashizemwo na gato izina ry’uruharo ry’Imana. Ariko rero, impinduro Douay Version ntiyari iyindi mpinduro ya Bibiliya gusa. Yacitse yo Bibiliya yonyene yemewe ku bagatolika bakoresha ururimi rw’icongereza gushika mu myaka ya 1940. Ego cane, mu myaka amajana n’amajana, izina ry’Imana ryarahishijwe abagatolika bubaha Imana amamiliyoni n’amamiliyoni.

Rimbura kandi ivy’impinduro ya King James Version. Mu 1604, umwami w’Ubwongereza James wa mbere, yarashinze umugwi w’incabwenge igikorwa co gutegura impinduro ya Bibiliya y’icongereza. Haciye nk’imyaka indwi, barasohoye impinduro ya King James Version, na yo nyene ikaba yamenyekanye ko ari impinduro yitwa Version autorisée.—Mu congereza.

No muri iyo mpinduro nyene, abahinduzi bahisemwo kwirinda gukoresha izina ry’Imana, barikoresha gusa mu mirongo mikeyi. Ahatari hake, izina ry’Imana ryasubirijwe n’ijambo “UMUKAMA” canke “IMANA” mu kibanza ca ya Tetaragarama. Iyo mpinduro yacitse Bibiliya ikoreshwa cane n’abantu amamiliyoni. Inkoranyabumenyi imwe (World Book Encyclopedia) ivuga yuko “ata mpinduro za Bibiliya zo mu congereza zikomeye zabonetse mu myaka irenga 200 inyuma y’aho hasohorewe impinduro ya King James Version. Muri ico gihe, impinduro ya King James Version ni yo mpinduro yakoreshwa cane kuruta izindi zose mu turere tw’isi bavuga icongereza”.

Izo ni zitatu gusa mu mpinduro za Bibiliya nyinshi zasohowe mu binjana biheze zidakoresha izina ry’Imana canke zitariha agaciro. Ntibitangaje kubona abantu benshi muri iki gihe bivugisha ko ari abakirisu, bagonanwa gukoresha izina ry’Imana canke bakaba batanarizi. Ego ni ko, mu myaka n’iyindi abahinduzi bamwebamwe ba Bibiliya barashizemwo izina ry’uruharo ry’Imana mu mpinduro zabo. Ariko rero, nyinshi muri izo, zasohowe muri ibi bihe vya vuba kandi zigira akosho gatoyi ku nyifato abantu bagira muri rusangi ku biraba izina ry’Imana.

Umugenzo uteye kubiri n’igomba ry’Imana

Ivyo kudakoresha izina ry’Imana bikwiye hose, bishingiye ku migenzo y’abantu irenza urugero, ntibishingiye ku nyigisho za Bibiliya. “Nta na kimwe muri Torah kibuza umuntu kuvuga izina ry’Imana. Kukaba nkako, ufatiye ku vyanditswe biragaragara yuko izina ry’Imana ryama rivugwa”. Ivyo bivugwa n’umushakashatsi w’Umuyuda Tracey R. Rich, umwanditsi w’ibiganiro bica ku muhora wa Internet witwa Judaism 101. Emwe, mu bihe vya Bibiliya, abasavyi b’Imana barakoresha izina ryayo.

Biratomoye yuko kumenya izina ry’Imana no kurikoresha bituma turushiriza guhuza n’uburyo bwemewe bwo kuyisenga, uburyo yasengwa mu bihe vya Bibiliya. Iyo ishobora kuba ari yo ntambwe ya mbere dutera mu vyo gutangura kwunga ubucuti na yo, na co kikaba ari ikintu gihambaye kuruta kumenya gusa izina ryayo iryo ari ryo. Yehova Imana mu vy’ukuri adutumirira kugiranira na we ubucuti nk’ubwo. Yahumetse ubu butumire buranga igishika bugira buti: “Mwiyegereze Imana, na yo izobēgēra” (Yakobo 4:8). Ariko rero, wokwibaza uti: ‘Bishoboka gute ko umuntu buntu agiranira ubucuti bwa somambike nk’ubwo n’Imana Mushoboravyose?’. Ikiganiro gikurikira kirasigura ukuntu ushobora kugiranira ubucuti na Yehova.

[Akajambo k’epfo]

[Uruzitiro ku rup. 6]

Haleluya

Ni igiki gica kikuza mu muzirikanyi igihe wumvise ijambo “Haleluya”? Kumbure rica rikwibutsa umuziki wa Haendel witiriwe “Le Messie”, ukaba ari umuziki w’ubwiza buhanitse waririmbwe kuva mu myaka ya 1700, urimwo icitabirizo ca Haleluya c’inkoramutima. Nta nkeka ko hatabuze n’ahandi hantu umaze kwumva iryo ijambo “Haleluya”. Kumbure uranarikoresha rimwe na rimwe. Ariko ubwo woba uzi ico risobanura?

Haleluya ni inyubako y’ikirundi ifatiye ku mvugo y’igiheburayo ha·lelu-Yahʹ, isobanura “shemeze Ya”.

Ya ni impfunyapfunyo ihinyanyuye y’izina ry’Imana, Yehova. Iboneka muri Bibiliya incuro zirenga 50, akenshi ikaba ari igihimba c’imvugo “Haleluya”.

[Uruzitiro ku rup. 7]

Izina ry’Imana ryoba ririmwo mw’izina ryawe?

Amazina menshi yo muri Bibiliya aracakundwa n’abantu benshi muri iki gihe. Rimwe na rimwe, insobanuro y’ayo mazina mu giheburayo co mu ntango, mu vy’ukuri wasanga irimwo izina ry’uruharo ry’Imana. Ng’utu uturorero dukeyi tw’amazina nk’ayo be n’insobanuro zayo. Hari aho wosanga izina ryawe ari rimwe muri ayo.

Yowana—“Yehova yamye ari umugwaneza”

Yoweli—“Yehova ni Imana”

Yohani—“Yehova yaragaragaje ubuntu”

Yonatani—“Yehova yaratanze”

Yozefu—“Ya niyongere”b

Yosuwa—“Yehova ni ubukiriro”

[Akajambo k’epfo]

[Uruzitiro ku rup. 8]

Imvugo Bibiliya ikoresha mu kuvuga Imana

Igisomwa c’igiheburayo c’Ivyanditswe Vyeranda kirakoresha imvugo umuyoro mu kuvuga Imana, nka Mushoboravyose, Umuremyi, Data, canke Umukama. Yamara, incuro ico gisomwa cerekeza kw’izina ryayo ry’uruharo ziraruta kure n’iyo incuro gikoresha izindi mvugo zose zifatiwe hamwe. Biratomoye rero yuko Imana ishaka ko dukoresha izina ryayo. Rimbura urutonde rw’izo mvugo nk’uko ziboneka mu Vyanditswe vy’igiheburayoc.

Yehova—incuro 6.973

Imana—incuro 2.605

Mushoboravyose—incuro 48

Umukama—incuro 40

Umubumvyi—incuro 25

Umuremyi—incuro 7

Data—incuro 7

Uwa mbere na mbere—incuro 3

Umucishabwenge Mukuru—incuro 2

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[Uruzitiro ku rup. 9]

Imana ituma ibintu biba

Incabwenge ntizemeranya neza ku nsobanuro y’izina ry’Imana, Yehova. Ariko rero, inyuma y’ubushakashatsi bushika kure bwagizwe kuri ico kintu, benshi baremera yuko iryo zina ari imero y’irivuga ry’igiheburayo ha·wahʹ (kuba), bisobanura “Atuma biba”.

Ku bw’ivyo, muri Bibiliya Les Saintes Écritures—Traduction du monde nouveaud, inkuru iri muri Kuvayo 3:14, aho Musa yabajije Imana izina ryayo, ihindurwa muri ubu buryo: “Imana yishura Mose iti: ‘Nzogaragaza ko ndi ico nzogaragaza ko ndi’. Maze yongerako iti: ‘Uku abe ari ko uzobwira Abisirayeli, uti: “Ndi ico nzogaragaza ko ndi yabantumyeko” ’ ”.

Iyo mpinduro irabereye kubera yuko Imana ishobora gutuma icika ikintu ico ari co cose ishaka kuba. Nta kintu na kimwe gishobora kuyibuza kurangura uruhara urwo ari rwo rwose rukenewe kugira ngo ishitse igomba ryayo. Imigambi yayo be n’imihango yayo vyama nantaryo biranguka. Mu buryo bwibonekeje, Imana yaragaragaje ko ari yo Muremyi, umwe afise ubushobozi butagira akarimbi bwo gutuma ibintu biba. Yaratumye ibiri mu kirere vyose bibaho. Yararemye kandi amamiliyaridi y’ibiremwa vy’impwemu. Vy’ukuri, ni Imana ituma ibintu biba!

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[Ifoto ku rup. 5]

Igishusho cerekana igandagurwa rya Hananiah ben Teradion

[Amafoto ku rup. 8, 9]

Ibibanza izina ry’Imana ryerekanwemwo mu buryo bwibonekeje

1. Urusengero rw’i Lomborg, muri Danemarike mu kinjana ca 17

2. Idirisha ry’ikiyo ry’amabara, muri katedarale y’i Bern mu Busuwisi

3. Ikizingo co ku Kiyaga c’Umunyu canditswe mu giheburayo co mu ntango, muri Isirayeli, nko mu 30-50 G.C.

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Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, Yeruzalemu

4. Ikingorongoro co mu Busuwede mu 1600

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Kungl. Myntkabinettet, Sveriges Ekonomiska Museum

5. Igitabu c’ibisabisho co mu Budagi mu 1770

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Vyavuye mu gitabu Die Lust der Heiligen an Jehova. Oder: Gebaet-Buch, 1770

6. Ivyaharangatuwe kw’ibuye ryo muri Bavaria mu Budagi

7. Ibuye ry’Abanyamowabu, i Paris mu Bufaransa mu 830 B.G.C.

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Musée du Louvre, Paris

8. Igicapo c’igisenge c’urusengero rwo muri Olten mu Busuwisi