Iteka Imbere ya Kirisitu

“Ewe kuntu nkunda [iteka r]yawe! Ni [r]yo ndimbūra bukarinda bgīra.”—ZABURI 119:97.

1. Ni igiki kigenga imitembēro y’ibibumbebumbe vyo mw ijuru?

KUVA mu bwana, Yobu yoba yaratamarira inyenyeri mu kajorero. Kumbure abavyeyi biwe bari baramwigishije amazina ahabwa ya migwi-nyenyeri mininiminini hamwe n’ivyo bari bazi ku mateka agenga umutembēro ubera mu kirere wa nya migwi-nyenyeri. Nanone, abantu bo mu bihe vya kera bǎrakoresha imigendagendo ntahinduka y’iyo midēso ngereziyo y’inyenyeri iribôye, kugira bagene vya biringo vy’imyaka bihindukanga. Ariko ibihe vyose Yobu yazitamarira yûmiwe, ntiyari azi namba inguvu nyabushobozi zaguma zifatanirije hamwe iyo miremaremo y’inyenyeri. Ni co gituma n’ukugeza atǎgejeje kwishura igihe Yehova Mana yamubaza ati: “Mbega waratahuye amateka agenga ijuru?” (Yobu 38:31-33, The New Jerusalem Bible) Egome, inyenyeri zigengwa n’amateka—amateka arashe kandi y’urunyurirane cane, ku buryo abanyasiyansi ba kino gihe batayatahura vyuzuye.

2. Ni kuki vyovugwa ko ibiremwa vyose bigengwa n’iteka?

² Yehova ni we Mutangamateka Ruminuza mw ihangāre. Ibikorwa vyiwe bigengwa n’amateka. Umwana mukundwacane wiwe, “we mfura mu vyaremwe vyose,” yaragamburuka iteka rya Se wiwe adahemuka, imbere y’uko ihangāre riboneka ribaho! (Ab’i Kolosayi 1:15) Abamarayika na bo nyene barongōwe n’iteka. (Zaburi 103:20) Mbere n’ibikoko biri n’amateka abigenga uko bigamburuka imbwirizo ziva ku mpēmyi Umuremyi yapanze muri vyo.—Imigani 30:24-28; Yeremiya 8:7.

3. (a) Ni kuki ubwoko-muntu bukeneye amateka? (b) Yehova yayobora ihanga rya Isirayeli akoresheje uburyo ki?

³ Twovuga iki ku bwoko-muntu? Naho nyene duhezagijwe impano mwen’izi nk’ubwenge, ubwigenzeruntu, hamwe n’ubumerempwemu, turacakeneye urugero runaka rw’iteka mvamana rituyobora mu vy’ugukoresha ubwo bushobozi. Abavyeyi bacu ba mbere, Adamu na Eva, bari inkemuke, ku buryo amateka makeyi gusa ari yo yari akenewe kugira abayobore. Ugukunda Se wabo wo mw ijuru kwari kubaha impamvu ihagije y’ukugamburukana akamwemwe. Ariko baragambaraye. (Itanguriro 1:26-28; 2:15-17; 3:6-19) Ico vyakoze ni uko uruvyaro rwabo rwabaye urw’ibiremwa binyavyaha bikeneye ayandi mateka menshi abiha uburongōzi. Uko igihe cagiye kirarengana, Yehova n’urukundo rwinshi iyo nkenero yarayujuje. Yarahaye Nowa amateka atomotse yabwirizwa guhêreza umuryango wiwe. (Itanguriro 9:1-7) Inyuma y’ibinjana, Imana ibicishije kuri Musa, yarahaye rya hanga rishasha rya Isirayeli ingenderwako yanditswe y’Iteka ritondanuwe ido n’ido. Ico cabaye co gihe ca mbere Yehova ayobora ihanga rizima akoresheje iteka mvamana. Ukwihweza iryo Teka kuraja kudufasha gutahura uruhara ruhambaye cane iteka mvamana rirangura mu buzima bw’Abakirisu kino gihe.

Rya Teka rya Musa—Intēgo Yaryo

4. Ni kuki vyobaye agahigisho ku bakomoke ba Aburahamu kwimbuka rwa Rubuto rwasezeranywe?

⁴ Umuposolo Paulo, umutohoji nshikabwina wa rya Teka, yabajije ati: “[Iteka] none n’iry’iki?” (Ab’i Galatiya 3:19, Ubwuzure Bushasha) Kugira twishure, turakeneye kwiyibutsa ko Yehova yasezeraniye umukunzi wiwe Aburahamu yuko abamuka mu muryango wiwe bokwimbutse Urubuto rwozaniye imihezagiro ihambaye amahanga yose. (Itanguriro 22:18) Ariko ngaho hǎrimwo agahigisho: Abakomoke bo kuri Aburahamu b’incagurwe, Abisirayeli, bose ntibari abantu bakunda Yehova. Uko igihe cagiye kiragenda, benshi bahinyutse ko ari intagondizosi, ingarariji—bamwe bǎri nk’intayoboreka! (Kuvayo 32:9; Gusubira mu vyagezwe 9:7) Ku bameze ukwo, kuba abo mu gisata c’Imana kwaba gusa ari uko bǎkivukiyemwo, atari uko bavyicaguriye.

5. (a) Ni igiki Yehova yǐgishije Abisirayeli akoresheje Iteka rya Musa? (b) Ni mu buryo ki Iteka ryagenewe kugira ico rikoze ku nyirongōro y’abaryumirako?

⁵ None igisata mwen’ico coshoboye gute kwimbuka nya Rubuto rwasezeranywe kandi kikarwungukirako? Aho kubategeka nk’ibirobǒti, Yehova yarabigishije akoresheje iteka. (Zaburi 119:33-35; Yesaya 48:17) Kukaba nkako, ijambo ry’Igiheburayo rivuga “iteka,” toh·rahʹ, risobanura “incishabwenge.” Ryǐgisha iki none? Ubwa mbere, ryigisha Abisirayeli yuko bakeneye Mesiya, uwobacunguye akabakura mu mero nyacaha yabo. (Ab’i Galatiya 3:24) Iteka kandi ryǐgisha ugutinya Imana hamwe n’ukugamburuka. Nk’uko vyari mu nsezeranwa yahawe Aburahamu, Abisirayeli bǎbwirizwa gusukura nk’ivyabona vya Yehova ku yandi mahanga yose. Nuko Iteka ryabwirizwa kubigisha ingenderwako itaramutse, ndangarupfasoni y’ivy’inyirongōro itosīze iceyi Yehova; yofashije Isirayeli kuguma bîtanije n’imimogorero yononekaye y’amahanga abakikije.—Abalewi 18:24, 25; Yesaya 43:10-12.

6. (a) Iteka rya Musa ryarimwo amayobozo nk’angahe, kandi ni kubera iki ayo adakwiye kubonwa ko ari menshi arenze urugero? (Raba akajambo k’epfo.) (b) Ni uguca mu kajisho nyabaki twoshobora kuronkera mu ntohozo y’Iteka rya Musa?

⁶ Bitangaje buhoro rero kubona Iteka rya Musa ririmwo amayobozo menshi—arenga 600.a Iyo ngenderwako yanditswe yararoranisha ivyerekeye insengo, intwaro, ingingo runtu, ubutungane, eka mbere n’ibifungurwa hamwe n’ivy’isuku. Mugabo none, ivyo vyoba bisobanura yuko nya Teka ryari gusa ikirundo c’indoranisho zikanyaraye n’imbwirizo zitomoye? Eka data! Intohozo y’iyo ngenderwako y’Iteka iratuma duca mu kajisho cane mu vy’ugutegera ikamere-muntu yuzuye urukundo ya Yehova. Rimbūra uburorero bukeyi.

Iteka Ryǎhēma Ikigongwe n’Imbabazi

7, 8. (a) Ni mu buryo ki Iteka ryatsindagirira ku kigongwe no ku mbabazi? (b) Yehova yashikishije Iteka gute mu buryo bw’ikigongwe mu biraba Dawidi?

⁷ Iteka ryaratsindagirira ku kigongwe no ku mbabazi, canecane ku batishoboye no ku batahobikora. Abapfakazi hamwe n’impfuvyi bǎrakingirwa bidasanzwe. (Kuvayo 22:22-24) Ibitungwa vy’akazi vyarakingirwa ugukorerwa amabi. Uburenganzira bw’ishimikiro umuntu afise ku twiwe bwarubahwa. (Gusubira mu vyagezwe 24:10; 25:4) Naho Iteka ryasaba ko umugandaguzi ahanishwa ukwicwa, ryaratuma ikigongwe gishoboka mu gihe hagize uwica ku mpanuka. (Guharūra 35:11) Biboneka ko abacamanza ba Isirayeli bari bafise uburenganzira bw’ugufata ingingo ku vy’igihano categekanirizwa ubugizi bwa nabi bumwebumwe, bikava ku gatima umugiranabi yari afise.—Gereranya Kuvayo 22:7 n’⁠Abalewi 6:1-7.

⁸ Yehova yarashingiye akarorero abacamanza mu gukurikiza Iteka ashikamye aho bikenewe, ariko akoresha ikigongwe aho bishoboka. Umwami Dawidi, uwari yakoze uburengabigo n’ubugandaguzi, yaragiriwe ikigongwe. Si ukuvuga yuko atǎhanywe, kuko Yehova ntiyamukingiye ngo inkurikizi z’agaterabwoba zanduruka ku caha ciwe ntizimushikire. Yamara, kubera isezerano ry’Ubwami no kubera ko Dawidi yari asanzwe ari umuntu w’umugirakigongwe, akaba kandi yari afise agatima k’ukwihana gashika ibwina, ntiyishwe.—1 Samweli 24:4-7; 2 Samweli 7:16; Zaburi 51:1-4; Yakobo 2:13.

9. Ni uruhara ruki urukundo rwarangura mw Iteka rya Musa?

⁹ Vyongeye, Iteka rya Musa ryatsindagirira ku rukundo. Iyumvire hamwe rimwe mu mahanga ya kino gihe ryoba rifise ingenderwako y’amateka yoba vy’ukuri isaba urukundo! Gutyo, Iteka rya Musa ntiryabuza ukwica vyonyene; ryabwiriza riti: “Mukunde bagenzi banyu nk’uko mwikunda.” (Abalewi 19:18) Ntiryabuza gusa ukurenganya umuganditsi munyamahanga; ryabwiriza riti: “Mumukunde nk’uko mwikunda: kuko namwe mwar’abanyamahanga mu gihugu ca [Misiri].” (Abalewi 19:34) Ntiryihaniza uburengabigo vyonyene; ryabwiriza umunega gutuma umukazi wiwe bwite anezerwa! (Gusubira mu vyagezwe 24:5) Mu gitabu ca Gusubira mu vyagezwe honyene, amajambo y’Igiheburayo asigura insinzoke y’urukundo akoreshejwe incuro zingana nka 20. Yehova yarakuye amazinda Abisirayeli ku vy’urukundo rwiwe bwite kuri bo—urwo yari abafitiye kera, ico gihe, no mu gihe coje. (Gusubira mu vyagezwe 4:37; 7:12-14) Vy’ukuri, imbwirizo nkuru yo mw Iteka rya Musa yari iyi: “Mukundishe [Yehova] Imana yanyu imitima yanyu yose, n’ubugingo bganyu bgose, n’inkomezi zanyu zose.” (Gusubira mu vyagezwe 6:5) Yezu yavuze yuko Iteka ryose risungaye kuri iyo mbwirizo, iri kumwe n’imbwirizo yo gukunda umubanyi. (Abalewi 19:18; Matayo 22:37-40) Ntibitangaje rero kubona umunyamazaburi yaranditse ati: “Ewe kuntu nkunda [iteka r]yawe! Ni [r]yo ndimbūra bukarinda bgīra.”—Zaburi 119:97.

Ikoreshwanabi ry’Iteka

10. Abayuda benshi bafashe gute Iteka rya Musa?

¹⁰ Ese ukuntu ari akaranduramutima rero kubona Isirayeli yarabuze cane ubukengurutsi bw’Iteka rya Musa! Ico gisata cǎragambaraye iryo Teka, kiraryiyobagiza, canke kiribagira ivyaryo. Baranduje insengo ityorotse bayandurishije imimogorero y’ivy’idini isesemanye y’ayandi mahanga. (2 Abami 17:16, 17; Zaburi 106:13, 35-38) Vyongeye bǎradohotse kuri iryo Teka no mu bundi buryo.

11, 12. (a) Imigwi y’abagenderambere mu vy’idini yakoze ubwononyi gute inyuma y’imisi ya Ezira? (Raba uruzitiro.) (b) Ni kuki abarabi ba kera biyumvisemwo yuko bikenewe ko bashira “uruzitiro kw Iteka”?

¹¹ Bumwebumwe mu bwononyi bubi bihebuje bwakorewe Iteka, bwagirwa n’abǎvuga nyene ko baryigisha kandi bakarikingira. Ivyo vyashitse inyuma y’imisi ya wa muharangasi mwizerwa Ezira wo mu kinjana ca gatanu B.G.C. Ezira yararwanye bikomeye yiyamiriza utwosho tubi tw’ayandi mahanga yongera arashimika ku vy’ugusoma n’ukwigisha Iteka. (Ezira 7:10; Nehemiya 8:5-8) Abigisha bamwebamwe b’Iteka bǎvuga yuko bakurikira amakanda ya Ezira, hanyuma baremarema icahavuye citwa “Isinagogi Ihambaye.” Mu vyo ino yavuga, hǎrimwo iri bwirizwa: “Nimushire uruzitiro kw Iteka.” Abo bigisha bǎtegēza yuko ngo Iteka ryari nk’ubusitani bw’agaciro. Mu kugira ngo ntihagire uwuhonyanga muri ubwo busitani mu kurenga ku mateka yabwo, bǎraremye ayandi mateka, “Iteka ryo ku Munwa,” kugira babuze abantu ngo ntibegereze iryo kosa.

¹² Bamwe bosohora ivyiyumviro bavuga ko abagenderambere b’Abayuda bǎri n’uruvugiro mu kwiyumvira gutyo. Inyuma y’igihe ca Ezira, Abayuda bǎraganjijwe n’ububasha bunyamahanga, canecane Ubugiriki. Kugira barwanye ubwohe bwa filozofiya y’Abagiriki hamwe n’imico kama yabo, imigwi y’abagenderambere mu vy’idini yaravyutse mu Bayuda. (Raba uruzitiro, ku rupapuro 18.) Mu nyuma imwimwe muri iyo migwi yahavuye inganya n’Abaherezi b’Abalewi, baranabarusha, mu vy’ukuba abigisha b’Iteka. (Gereranya na Malaki 2:7.) Mu 200 B.G.C., iteka ryo ku munwa ryariko rinyengēra ubuzima bw’Abayuda. Ubwa mbere ayo mateka ntiyari ayo kwandikwa, ngo ntahave afatwa ku rugero rumwe na rya Teka ryanditswe. Mugabo buhorobuhoro ukwiyumvira kw’abantu kwarashizwe imbere y’ukw’Imana, ku buryo amaherezo urwo ‘ruzitiro’ rwononye vy’ukuri “ubusitani” nyene rwari rwitezwe ko rukingira.

Iyanduza ry’Ubufarisayo

13. Abagenderambere mu vy’idini bamwebamwe b’Abayuda ivy’ishirwaho ry’amategeko menshi bǎbiha uruvugiro gute?

¹³ Abarabi bǎtegēza yuko kubera ko Itorati, ari ryo Teka rya Musa, ryari rikemutse, ritegerezwa kuba ririmwo inyishu ku kibazo ico ari co cose coshobora kuvyuka. Ico ciyumviro vy’ukuri nticari ikiranga ubupfasoni. Mu binyakuri, caraha abarabi uruhusha rw’ugukoresha ugutegēza kwa kimuntu kw’urwenge, bigatuma biboneka ko Ijambo ry’Imana ari ryo remezo ry’amategeko, ku bwoko bwose bw’ibibazo—amwe akaba ayabo bwite, ayandi akaba ayatagira epfo na ruguru.

14. (a) Abagenderambere mu vy’idini b’Abayuda bǎrehuruye gute amabwirizwa yo mu Biharangato yerekeye ukwitanya n’amahanga bageza ku karenzarugero katari mu Biharangato? (b) Ni igiki kiranga yuko amategeko y’abarabi yananiwe n’ugukingira Abayuda utwosho tw’Abapagani?

¹⁴ Incuro n’izindi, nya bagenderambere mu vy’idini bǎrafata amabwirizwa yo mu Biharangato (mu Vyanditswe) bakayarehurura akarenzarugero. Nk’akarorero, Iteka rya Musa ryarakorereza ivy’ukwitanya n’amahanga, ariko abarabi bagakwiririza ubwoko bw’akagaye karanga ukutiyumvira, ku biraba buri kintu cose kitari ic’Abayuda. Bǐgisha yuko Umuyuda atokwubahuka gusiga ibitungwa vyiwe mu bwihemburiro-buraro bw’Abanyamahanga, kuko ngo Abanyamahanga “bǐcurwa ko bimya ibikoko.” Umuyudakazi ntiyari arekuriwe kwibarutsa Umunyamahangakazi kubera ko yoba “ariko a[mu]sahiriza ngo avyare umwana wo kugirako isengabimana.” Kubera ko abarabi bǐcura inyubakwa z’ivy’ikarashishi z’Abagiriki, kandi vyari bibereye, abarabi bǎrabuza imyimenyerezo yose y’ubwinonoramitsi. Inkuru-kahise iratanga igihinyuza c’uko ivyo vyose ata kintu kinini vyamaze mu vy’ugukingira Abayuda ivyemero vy’Abanyamahanga. Kukaba nkako, Abafarisayo ubwabo bahavuye bigisha injijuzo mpagani y’Abagiriki yerekeye ivy’ukudapfa kw’ubugingo!—Ezekiyeli 18:4.

15. Abagenderambere mu vy’idini b’Abayuda bǎhotoye gute amateka ku vy’ukwityorora no ku vy’ubugoke?

¹⁵ Abafarisayo kandi bǎrahotoye amateka y’ivy’ukwityorora. Vyavugwa yuko Abafarisayo botyorora izuba ubwaryo, baramutse babironkeye akabero. Iteka ryabo ryavuga yuko umuntu atévye “ari kwitabara” vyomuhumanya! Ugukaraba kwacitse inziroro y’urunyurirane, bakagushiramwo nk’amategeko avuga ukuboko gukwiye kubanza gukarabishwa ukwo ari kwo, n’ingene kwokarabishwa. Abagore canecane bǎrafatwa ko batyoye. Hishimikijwe imbwirizo mvabiharangato y’‘ukutegera’ uwo mu nzu yo hafi (mu binyakuri rikaba ryari iteka ribuza ubugoke), abarabi bǎtegetse yuko ngo umunega atogendera inyuma y’umukazi wiwe; eka ngo ntakwiye no kuyaga na we mu kaguriro.—Abalewi 18:6.

16, 17. Iteka ryo ku munwa ryagarūye gute imbwirizo y’ukwubahiriza Isabato ya buri mushamvu, biraheza vyamukamwo iki?

¹⁶ N’ikizwi cane ni agashinyuro ko mu vy’impwemu iteka ryo ku munwa ryagira kw iteka ry’Isabato. Imana yahaye Isirayeli iyi mbwirizo itadaditse: Ntimugakore igikorwa na kimwe ku musi ugira indwi w’umushamvu. (Kuvayo 20:8-11) Ariko rero, iteka ryo ku munwa ryaragiyeko rirongerako amoko nka 39 atandukanye y’ibikorwa bibujijwe, gushiramwo ugupfundika canke ugupfundurura ipfundo, kubarira imishono ibiri, kwandika indome zibiri z’Igiheburayo, n’ibindi. Maze bumwebumwe bwose muri ayo moko bwasaba ayandi mategeko menshi umurengera. Ni amapfundo ayahe yari abujijwe n’ayari arekuwe? Iteka ryo ku munwa ryǐshurana indoranisho nyiremerano. Ukuvura kwahavuye kubonwa nk’igikorwa kibujijwe. Nk’akarorero, kw Isabato hari habujijwe kwunga urugingo rwavunitse. Umuntu aribwa iryinyo yarashobora gukoresha inkarihe ngo arunge ibifungurwa vyiwe, ariko nya nkarihe yategerezwa kutayinunuriza mu menyo. Ivyo ngo vyohavuye bimuvura nya ryinyo!

¹⁷ Kubera ko iteka rigenga Isabato ryaremerejwe amategeko amajana ashinzwe n’abantu, ryarataye insobanuro yaryo yo mu vy’impwemu ku biraba Abayuda benshi. Igihe Yezu Kirisitu “Umwami w’isabato” yarangura kw Isabato ibitangaro vy’agatangaza bishwangamura umutima, abaharangasi (abanyabwenge b’Ivyanditswe) n’Abafarisayo nta co vyababwiye. Bǎrazwa ishinga gusa n’uko asa n’uwiyobagiza indoranisho zabo.—Matayo 12:8, 10-14.

Ukwegenyera ku Kagahu k’Abafarisayo

18. Ivy’ukwongera amateka n’impererekane vyo ku munwa kw Iteka rya Musa vyagize inkurikizi nyabaki? Bitangire ikirorezo.

¹⁸ Muri make, twovuga yuko ayo mateka n’izo mpererekane vyongeweko vyacitse ibimaditse kw Iteka rya Musa nka kumwe nyene udukoko two mu mazi twitwa anatife tumata ku ruhande rwo hanze rw’ubwato. Umugababwato arinanata rwose kugira amature utwo turemwa duhūma kubera ko dutevya ico combo kandi tukonona ipentiri ikinga ingese. Nk’ukwo nyene, ayo mateka hamwe n’izo mpererekane vyo ku munwa vyararemereza Iteka kandi bigatuma rikoreshwa mu buryo burititura. Ariko rero, aho kumatura amateka mazanano mwen’ayo, abarabi bagumye bongerako ayandi. Igihe Mesiya yaza ngo ashitse Iteka, ubwo “bwato” bwari bwujujweko “anatife” cane ku buryo bwagorwa n’ugusoza! (Gereranya n’Imigani 16:25.) Mu gishingo c’ugukingira isezerano ry’Iteka, abo bagenderambere mu vy’idini bakoze akagahu k’ukurirengako. Ariko none ni kuki “uruzitiro” rwabo rw’amategeko rwananiwe?

19. (a) Ni kuki “uruzitiro kw Iteka” rwananiwe? (b) Ni igiki kiranga yuko abagenderambere mu vy’idini b’Abayuda batari bafise ukwizera nyakuri?

¹⁹ Abagenderambere b’idini y’ikiyuda bǎrananiwe n’ugutahura yuko ukurwanya ubwononekare kugirirwa mu mutima atari ku mpapuro z’ibitabu vy’amateka. (Yeremiya 4:14) Urupfunguzo rujana ku ntsinzi ni urukundo—ugukunda Yehova, iteka ryiwe n’ingingo ziwe zitunganye. Urukundo mwen’urwo rwimbuka ukwanka ivyo Yehova yanka guhuye na rwo. (Zaburi 97:10; 119:104) Ab’imitima yuzuye urukundo rero baguma ari abizerwa ku mateka ya Yehova muri iyi si yononekaye. Abagenderambere mu vy’idini b’Abayuda bari bafise agateka kanini k’ukwigisha abantu kugirango hakorerezwe urukundo kandi mwen’urwo rukundo rubinjiremwo. Ni kuki bǎnaniwe no kugenza gutyo? Biboneka ko ata kwizera bari bafise. (Matayo 23:23) Iyo bizera ububasha impwemu ya Yehova ifise bwo gutunganya imitima y’abantu b’abizerwa, ntibari kwirirwa barakenera gushinga ijisho ubuzima bw’abandi vy’akadadazo. (Yesaya 59:1; Ezekiyeli 34:4) Nta we bǎshizemwo ukwizera kuko ata kwo bǎgira; bǎraremereza abantu amabwirizwa migenerano.—Matayo 15:3, 9; 23:4.

20, 21. (a) Dufatiye hamwe, ni inkurikizi nki imero y’umuzirikanyi igendeshwa n’uruhererekane yagize kw idini y’Abayuda? (b) Ni icigwa nyabaki dushobora kwegenyera ku vyashikiye idini y’Abayuda?

²⁰ Abo bagenderambere b’Abayuda ntibakorereza urukundo. Impererekane zabo zǐmbutse idini yishinga gusa imboneko z’inyuma, irimwo ukugamburuka kw’agakuramwuga kugira gusa biyerekane—kiba icibare co kwororeramwo ubwiyorobetsi. (Matayo 23:25-28) Indoranisho zabo zǐmbutse impamvu ntaharurwa z’ukunegura abandi. Gutyo, abo Bafarisayo banyabwishime bagamburutsa ku gahato, bǔmva bafise uruvugiro mu kunegura Yezu Kirisitu ubwiwe. Intēgo nyamukuru y’Iteka yarabazimiye hanyuma bashibura uwo Mesiya umwe w’ukuri. Ingaruka yavyo, vyabaye ngombwa ko abwira ihanga ry’Abayuda ati: “Rāba inzu yanyu muyitānywe ar’umusaka.”—Matayo 23:38; Ab’i Galatiya 3:23, 24.

²¹ Birimwo icigwa giki kuri twebwe? Ni ivyumvikana, imero y’umuzirikanyi idadaraye, igendeshwa n’uruhererekane ntaho ikorereza insengo ityorotse ya Yehova! Ariko ivyo vyoba bisobanura yuko abasenzi ba Yehova muri iki gihe batagira amategeko namba kiretse mu gihe ano ashizwe ahabona bimwe bitobóye mu Biharangato Vyeranda? Oyaye. Kugira turonke inyishu inonosoye, reka ubukurikira twihweze ukugene Yezu Kirisitu Iteka rya Musa yarisubirije iteka rishasha kandi ryiza kuruta.

[Akajambo k’epfo]

Woshobora Gusigura?

◻ Ibiremwa vyose bigengwa n’iteka ry’Imana mu buryo ki?

◻ Intēgo nyamukuru y’Iteka rya Musa yari nyabaki?

◻ Ni igiki kiranga yuko Iteka rya Musa ryatsindagirira ku kigongwe no ku mbabazi?

◻ Ni kuki abagenderambere mu vy’idini b’Abayuda bongeyeko amategeko ntaharurwa kw Iteka rya Musa, kandi ivyo vyamutsemwo iki?

[Uruzitiro ku rup. 18]

Abagenderambere mu vy’Idini b’Abayuda

Abaharangasi: Bǐbona nk’abasubirizi ba Ezira n’abasiguzi b’Iteka. Dukurikije igitabu kimwe, A History of the Jews, “abaharangasi bose ntibari abantu bakomakomeye, kandi ukugerageza kwabo kugobotora mw iteka insobanuro zihishije kenshi vyatahīrira mu nzirōro zitagira mvūra n’imiziririzo itagira iyo ija n’iyo iva. Ivyo vyǎkomerejwe mu mugenzo, uwacitse vuba mu nyuma intwazamukazo ntatezura.”

Abahasidimu: Iryo zina risobanura “abasengamana” canke “abatagatifu.” Abo ubwa mbere bǎvuzwe nk’isangane nko mu 200 B.G.C., bari abanyabubasha mu vya politike, abarwanirizi shakaryumurengera b’ubutyoroke bw’Iteka ngo ntirijemwo itwazamukazo ry’akosho kagiriki. Abahasidimu bǐgabuye mu migwi itatu: Abafarisayo, Abasadukayo, n’Abeseni.

Abafarisayo: Incabwenge bamwebamwe bemera ko iryo zina rikuwe mu majambo avuga “Abitanije,” canke “Abanyabwitanye.” Si ivy’imbeshere bari ab’ishaka ry’umurengera mu mwigoro ukomeye wabo ngo bitanye n’Abanyamahanga, ariko kandi bǎbona ko ubuvandimwe bwabo butanye na—kandi busumba—ba Bayuda batobato batari bazi ubunyurirane bwo mw iteka ryo ku munwa. Umumenyeshakahise umwe yavuze ivy’Abafarisayo ati: “Barabwe ikivunga, bafata abantu nk’abana, bakemeza kandi bagatondanura n’utuntu dutoduto cane tw’imyubahirizo ya kizirōzi.” Iyindi ncabwenge yavuze ati: “Ubufarisayo bwǐmbutse umuganda w’amategeko yemewe avuga ivyerekeye inyifato z’ibintu zose, inkurikizi ntirîndwa yavyo iba iy’uko bǎshize imbere utuntazi, bágenjeje gutyo basiga inyuma ibihambaye (Mt. 23:23).”

Abasadukayo: Umugwi wari ufatanye rwose n’abatware-bakire, hamwe n’abaherezi. Bararwanya bakobeje abaharangasi n’Abafarisayo, bakavuga yuko iteka ryo ku munwa ritagira agaciro k’Iteka ryanditswe. Ivy’uko bǎnaniwe n’urwo rugamba birerekanwa n’Imishina ubwayo: “[Iyubahirizwa ry’]amajambo y’Abaharangasi rikwiye kwubahwa cane kuruta [iyubahirizwa ry’]amajambo y’Iteka [ryanditswe].” Italumudi, iyarimwo insasanuro nyinshi ku vy’iteka ryo ku munwa, mu nyuma yaragiye kure gushika ivuge iti: “Amajambo y’abaharangasi . . . ari n’agaciro kanini kuruta amajambo y’Itorati.”

Abeseni: Umugwi w’abiyansi bǐgungira mu mahuri ari ukwayo. Dukurikije inzinduzi The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible, Abeseni bari abakumiranyi kuruta mbere Abafarisayo kandi “rimwe na rimwe bagashobora kugira ubufarisayo gusumvya Abafarisayo ubwabo.”

[Ifoto ku rup. 17]

Yobu abavyeyi biwe boba bari baramwigishije ivy’amateka agenga imigwi-nyenyeri