Ewuzebi “Yoba ari we mwanditsi wa mbere wa kahise ka Ekeleziya”?

MU MWAKA wa 325 G.C., umwami w’abami w’Umuroma ari we Konsitantino, yaratumyeko abasenyeri bose ngo baze mu nama i Nicée. Intumbero yiwe yari iyi: gutorera umuti ikibazo caharirwako cane cerekeye isano riri hagati y’Imana n’Umwana wayo. Mu bari bitavye iyo nama harimwo umugabo yabonwa ko yize cane kuruta abandi bo mu gihe ciwe ari we Ewuzebi w’i Kayisariya. Ewuzebi yari yarize Ivyanditswe ashirutse umwete kandi yari yaraburaniye ukwemera kw’abakirisu gushingiye ku gusenga Imana imwe.

Nk’uko inkoranyabumenyi imwe (Encyclopædia Britannica) ibivuga, muri iyo nama y’i Nicée, “Konsitantino ubwiwe yari umuhagarikizi, arayobora ashirutse ubwira ibiganiro, maze ubwiwe aratanga amajambo ahambaye ari mu buryo bwa keredo aserura isano riri hagati ya Kirisitu n’Imana yashitsweko muri iyo nama, ‘ry’uko Umwana asangiye ubwoko na Se’ . . . Kubera ugutinya uwo mwami w’abami, abasenyeri bose ukuyemwo babiri gusa, barashize umukono kuri iyo keredo, benshi muri bo bakaba babigize batayemera”. Ewuzebi yoba yari muri abo batayishizeko umukono? Ni icigwa ikihe twokura ku mpagararo yafashe? Nimuze dusuzume kahise ka Ewuzebi, ni ukuvuga ivyo yigiye n’ivyo yaranguye.

Ibitabu vyabaye rurangiranwa yanditse

Ewuzebi ashobora kuba yavukiye muri Palesitina nko mu 260 G.C. Akiri mutoyi, yarifatanije n’uwitwa Pamfilo, uwari ahagarikiye ekeleziya y’i Kayisariya. Amaze kuja mw’ishure ry’ivya tewolojiya rya Pamfilo, Ewuzebi yarabaye umunyeshure w’umunyamwete. Yarakoresheje n’ubwira ububiko amahero bw’ibitabo bwa Pamfilo. Ewuzebi yarashize umutima ku vyo yiga, na canecane ivyo kwiga Bibiliya. Yaracitse kandi umugenzi pfampfe wa Pamfilo, akaba yahavuye yiyita “Ewuzebi wa Pamfilo”.

Ku bijanye n’imigambi yiwe, Ewuzebi yavuze ati: “Mfise umugambi wo kwandika inkuru ivuga ukuntu Abatumwa beranda bagiye bakurikirana hamwe n’ibihe bihaciye kuva ku gihe c’Umukiza wacu gushika ku gihe turimwo; kwigana ukuntu ibintu vyinshi kandi bihambaye vyabaye bivugwa ko vyagiye birashika muri kahise ka ekeleziya; no kuvuga abantu bayoboye bakongera bagahagarikira ekeleziya mu maparuwasi akomakomeye kuruta ayandi, hamwe n’abo mw’iyaruka rimwerimwe ryose bavuze ijambo ry’Imana haba ku munwa canke mu nyandiko”.

Ewuzebi yibukirwa ku gitabu cemerwa cane yanditse gifise umutwe uvuga ngo Kahise ka Ekeleziya (mu congereza). Imbumbe cumi yasohoye nko mu 324 G.C. zibonwa ko ari ibitabu bivuga ivya kahise ka ekeleziya bihambaye kuruta ibindi, vyanditswe mu gihe ca kera na rindi. Kubera ivyo bitabu yanditse, Ewuzebi yahavuye amenyekana ko ari we mwanditsi wa mbere wa kahise ka ekeleziya.

Uretse ico gitabu c’umutwe uvuga ngo Kahise ka Ekeleziya, Ewuzebi yaranditse ikindi gitabu kivuga ivyagiye biraba (Chronicle), mu mbumbe zibiri. Imbumbe ya mbere yari incamake ya kahise k’isi. Mu kinjana ca kane, iyo mbumbe yahavuye iba igisomwa barabirako kugira bamenye urukurikirane rw’ibihe ibintu vyo kw’isi vyagiye biraberako. Imbumbe igira kabiri irerekana amagenekerezo ibintu vyo muri kahise vyagiye biraberako. Akoresheje inkingi zibangabanganye, Ewuzebi yarerekanye ukuntu ubutware bwa cami bw’amahanga atandukanye bwagiye burakurakuranwa.

Ewuzebi yaranditse ibindi bitabu bibiri bivuga ivya kahise, igifise umutwe uvuga ngo Abamaratiri b’i Palesitina be n’igifise uwuvuga ngo Ubuzima bwa Konsitantino (vyose biri mu congereza). Ica mbere canditswe kuva mu 303-310 G.C. kikaba kivuga ivyerekeye abamaratiri bo muri ico kiringo. Ewuzebi ashobora kuba yariboneye ivyo bintu. Igitabu kigira kabiri, icasohowe ari agakama k’ibitabu bine inyuma y’aho Umwami w’abami Konsitantino apfiriye mu 337 G.C, carimwo amakuru y’ido n’ido y’ingirakamaro yerekeye kahise. Aho kugira ngo ivyo bitabu vyandikwe mu buryo budakikiriza, ahanini vyanditswe mu buryo bwo guhayagiza abantu birenze urugero.

Ibitabu Ewuzebi yanditse vyo kuburanira ukwemera kw’abakirisu birimwo inyishu yahaye uwitwa Hiéroclès, uno akaba yari buramatari w’Umuroma yabayeho mu gihe kimwe na we. Igihe Hiéroclès yandika arwanya abakirisu, Ewuzebi yaciye ababuranira. Vyongeye, mu gushigikira yuko Imana ari yo Ivyanditswe bikomokako, yaranditse ibitabu 35 vyabonwa ko ari igikorwa gihambaye kandi citondewe kuruta ibindi vyose. Ibitabu 15 vya mbere muri vyo bigerageza kwerekana igituma abakirisu bemera Ivyanditswe vyeranda vy’igiheburayo. Ibindi bitabu 20 biratanga ikimenyamenya c’uko ata kosa abakirisu baba bagize igihe bareka gukurikiza imigenzo y’Abayuda hanyuma bagakurikiza ingingo ngenderwako be n’imigenzo bishasha. Ivyo bitabu vyose hamwe birarwanirira ubukirisu mu buryo bwumvikana bikurikije uko Ewuzebi abutahura.

Ewuzebi yamaze nk’imyaka 80 (kuva nko mu 260 gushika nko mu 340 G.C.), acika umwe mu banditse ibitabu vyinshi bo mu gihe ca kera. Ibitabu vyiwe bivuga ibintu vyabaye guhera mu binjana bitatu vya mbere gushika mu gihe c’Umwami w’abami Konsitantino. Mu myaka ya nyuma y’ubuzima bwiwe, igikorwa ciwe co kuba umwanditsi yagifatanije n’ibikorwa vyo kuba umusenyeri w’i Kayisariya. Naho yari azwi cane ko ari umutohozakahise, Ewuzebi yari azwi kandi ko ari umuntu aburanira idini yiwe, umuhinguzi w’amakarata, umwigisha w’ivy’Imana, umusesanguzi w’ivya tewolojiya akaba n’umwanditsi atanga insobanuro ku vyanditswe bijanye n’ivy’Imana.

Imigambi ibiri yari afise mu kuba umwanditsi

Ni igiki catumye Ewuzebi atangura ibikorwa bihambaye gutyo, ata wundi yari bwigere abigira? Inyishu tuyisanga mu vyo yemera vy’uko yari abayeho mu gihe gishira ikiringo gishasha. Yabona yuko hariho ibintu bihambaye vyari vyarabaye mu biringo vy’abantu barutse kera, hakaba rero hari hakenewe inyandiko yofashije abokwarutse mu nyuma.

Ewuzebi yari afise uwundi mugambi, na wo ukaba wari uwo kurwanirira idini yiwe. Yaremera yuko ubukirisu bwava ku Mana. Mugabo hari abariko bararwanya ico ciyumviro. Ewuzebi yanditse ati: “Mfise umugambi wo gutanga kandi amazina be n’igitigiri vy’abantu baguye mu makosa akomeye n’incuro bayaguyemwo, kubera ugukunda ivyiyumviro bishasha, maze bakigira ko bubuye ivyitwa ubwenge, bayongobeje ata kagongwe umukuku wa Kirisitu bameze nk’amabingira y’inkazi”.

Ewuzebi ubwiwe yoba yabona ko ari umukirisu? Biboneka ko ari ko yabibona, kubera yuko yavuze ko Kirisitu ari “Umukiza wacu”. Yavuze ati: “Mfise umugambi . . . wo kwigana ivyago vyaciye bishikira ihanga ryose ry’Abayuda bivuye ku mipango bagize yo kurwanya Umukiza wacu, n’uwo kwandika uburyo ijambo ry’Imana ryatanguye kuvugwa nabi n’Abanyamahanga be n’ibihe ivyo babigiriyemwo, nongere ndondore ukuntu abarikiraniye mu bihe bitandukanye bari bameze naho bari bahanganye n’ukwicwa be n’ugutotezwa, mvuge n’abantu bagaragaje ko ari intahemuka muri iki gihe cacu, be n’ukuntu Umukiza wacu yabashigikiye bose mu buryo buranga ikigongwe”.

Yagize ubushakashatsi bugera kure

Ibitabu Ewuzebi ubwiwe yasomye be n’ivyo yagizemwo ubushakashatsi ntawobiharura. Ibitabu Ewuzebi yanditse ni vyo vyonyene vyamenyekanishije abantu benshi bakomakomeye bo mu binjana bitatu vya mbere vyo mu Gihe Cacu. Inkuru ngirakamaro zihishura imihari ikomeye ziboneka gusa mu bitabu yanditse. Ziva ku masoko y’ubumenyi atakiboneka.

Mu gutororokanya ayo mayagwa, Ewuzebi yabigirana umwete kandi avyitondeye. Biboneka yuko yagerageje yitonze gutandukanya amakuru yo kwizigirwa n’ayatari ayo kwizigirwa. Ariko ntiwumve, igikorwa ciwe nticari ikitagira agahaze. Rimwe na rimwe, yarasigura mu buryo butari bwo mbere agatahura nabi abantu be n’ibikorwa vyabo. Igihe avuga ibihe ibintu vyagiye biraberako, rimwe na rimwe arashiramwo udukosa. Ewuzebi kandi nta buhanga yari afise bwo gushikiriza amayagwa yiwe. Ariko rero, naho harimwo udukosa tuboneka, ibitabu vyiwe vyinshi bibonwa ko ari ubutunzi ntangere.

Yoba yari umuntu akunda ukuri?

Ewuzebi yari arajwe ishinga n’ivyerekeye ca kibazo kitari bwatorerwe umuti c’ingene Se n’Umwana bafitaniye isano. None Se yoba yariho imbere y’uko Umwana abaho nk’uko Ewuzebi yavyemera? Canke Se n’Umwana boba bompi baramyeho? Yabajije ati: “Nimba bompi baramyeho, Se yoba Se gute hanyuma Umwana akaba Umwana gute?”. Mbere yarashigikiye ivyo yemera akoresheje Ivyanditswe, asubiramwo Yohana 14:28, ahavuga yuko ‘Data aruta Yezu’, asubiramwo na Yohana 17:3, aho Yezu avuga ko ari ‘uwatumwe’ n’Imana yonyene y’ukuri. Mu gukikiririza ku B’i Kolosayi 1:15 no kuri Yohana 1:1, Ewuzebi yarahaririye avuga yuko Logos, ari we Jambo ari “[i]shusho y’Imana itaboneka”, ni ukuvuga Umwana w’Imana.

Ariko rero, igitangaje ni uko igihe ya nama y’i Nicée yagira irangire, Ewuzebi yaciye yivuguruza. Aho kuguma ku mpagararo yiwe ishingiye ku Vyanditswe yuko Imana na Kirisitu bompi batamye bangana, yaciye ashigikira wa mwami w’abami.

Icigwa tuhakura

Ni kubera iki Ewuzebi atihagazeko muri ya nama y’i Nicée, ahubwo agashigikira inyigisho idashingiye ku Vyanditswe? Yoba yari afise mu muzirikanyi imigambi y’ivya politike? Ni kubera iki hoho yitavye iyo nama? Naho abasenyeri bose bari batumweko, haje 300 gusa. Ewuzebi yoba kumbure yari arajwe ishinga no kuzigama igiti yari afise mu kibano? Ikindi kandi, ni kubera iki Umwami w’abami Konsitantino yamubona ko ahambaye cane? Ewuzebi yari yicaye iburyo bw’uwo mwami w’abami mu gihe c’iyo nama.

Biboneka ko Ewuzebi yiyobagije itegeko rya Yezu risaba abayoboke biwe ‘kutaba ab’isi’ (Yohana 17:16; 18:36). Umwigishwa Yakobo yabajije ati: “Yemwe basambanyi, ntimuzi yuko gucudika n’isi ar’ukwankana n’Imana?” (Yakobo 4:4). Kandi ese ukuntu ingabisho Paulo yatanze igira ngo “Ntimwifatanye n’abatizera” ibereye (2 Ab’i Korinto 6:14)! Nimuze tugume twitandukanije n’isi, uko ‘dusenga Data mu mpwemu no mu kuri’.​—Yohana 4:24.

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Igicapo cerekana ya nama y’i Nicée

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Scala/Art Resource, NY

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Courtesy of Special Collections Library, University of Michigan