Bibiliya—Igitabu c’ubuhanuzi bw’ukuri—Igice ca 2

Nimuhunge muve i Babiloni!

Uru rukurikirane rw’ibiganiro umunani vyo muri “Be maso!” rurihweza umuce uhambaye wa Bibiliya, ni ukuvuga ubuhanuzi bwo muri yo canke ivyo yari yaravuze ko bizoba. Ibi biganiro bizokuronsa inyishu z’ibi bibazo: Ubuhanuzi bwo muri Bibiliya bwoba ari ibintu gusa abantu b’incabwenge biremaremeye? Hoba hari icotuma twemera ko bwahumetswe n’Imana? Niwirabire ibimenyamenya.

MU KIGANIRO c’imbere y’iki co muri uru rukurikirane, twaraciye irya n’ino ubuhanuzi butatu bwo muri Bibiliya bujanye n’uruvyaro rwa Aburahamu. Ibimenyamenya vyerekana yuko Imana yashikije ubwo buhanuzi biciye kw’ihanga rya Isirayeli rya kera, iryari rigizwe n’abakomotse kuri Aburahamu.

Babiloni ya kera ni irindi hanga ryaranguye uruhara ruhambaye mu nkuru za kahise zivugwa muri Bibiliya, na canecane mu kinjana c’indwi B.G.C. Reka duce irya n’ino ubuhanuzi butatu bwo muri Bibiliya bujanye n’ubwo bwami maze turabe ko hari ibimenyamenya vyerekana yuko bwahumetswe n’Imana.

Umuhanuzi Musa yaragabishije ihanga rya Isirayeli rya kera ati: “Niwaramuka wibagiye Yehova Imana yawe, ukagendera inyuma y’izindi mana, ukazikorera ukongera ukazunamira, . . . muzoyogera ata kabuza.” (Gusubira mu vyagezwe 8:19; 11:16, 17) Ariko rero, Abisirayeli baragararije Imana incuro n’izindi mu gusenga ibigirwamana.—1 Abami 14:22-24.

Ukwihangana kw’Imana kwahavuye guhera, maze irareka abo basavyi bayo bigira ibiro biteze baragwa mu maboko y’Abanyababiloni. Ku ngoma y’Umwami Nebukadinezari, uwitwa kandi Nebukadirezari, ingabo za Babiloni zaraje gutera Isirayeli, zirasugereza Yeruzalemu. Ukwo gusugereza Yeruzalemu kwoba kwari gufise ico kuvuze? Reka turimbure ivyo umuhanuzi Yeremiya yanditse imyaka hafi 20 imbere y’uko ivyo bintu biba.—Yeremiya 25:1.

Ubuhanuzi bwa 1: “Ko mutagamburutse amajambo yanje [ni ukuvuga y’Imana], ehe ngira ntume . . . kuri Nebukadirezari umwami wa Babiloni, . . . maze nzobazana [ni ukuvuga Abanyababiloni] batere iki gihugu n’abakibamwo . . . Emwe, iki gihugu cose kizocika ahantu hatikijwe, akajoreza, kandi ayo mahanga azobwirizwa gukorera umwami wa Babiloni imyaka mirongo irindwi.”—Yeremiya 25:8-11.

Iranguka: Haciye igihe kirekire Yeruzalemu isugerejwe, Nebukadinezari yarahatikije yongera arahasahura mu 607 B.G.C. Yarigaruriye n’ibindi bisagara vy’i Yuda, harimwo ica Lakishi n’ica Azeka. (Yeremiya 34:6, 7) Benshi mu bacitse kw’icumu yarabajanye i Babiloni, bamarayo imyaka 70 ari imbohe.

Ivyo kahise kerekana:

● Bibiliya yerekana ko Nebukadinezari yari umwami wa Babiloni nko mu gihe Yeruzalemu yatikizwa. Ibimenyamenya vyo mu bucukuzi bw’ivya kera birashigikira ivyo Bibiliya ivuga ku bijanye n’uko yabayeho. Hari agashusho gakozwe mw’ibuye rya onigisi kari i Florence mu Butaliyano. Amwamwe mu majambo kanditseko avuga ngo: “Nebukadinezari umwami wa Babiloni, igihe yari akiriho, ni we yasavye ko gakorwa kugira atere iteka Merodaki umukama wiwe.” Nebukadinezari yaganje kuva mu 624 gushika mu 582 B.G.C.

● Igitabu citwa Bibiliya n’ubucukuzi bw’ivya kera (mu congereza) kivuga yuko ivyacukuwe i Lakishi be n’ubushakashatsi bwahagiriwe vyemeza ibikurikira: “Itikizwa rya nyuma ryabaye irikomeye, kandi umuriro baturije ico gisagara [ca Lakishi] wari ukaze cane ku buryo amabuye y’imonyi bubakishije amazu yasigaye ari ivu.”

Ubuhanuzi bwa 2: “Imyaka mirongo irindwi niyarangira muri i Babiloni, [jewe Yehova] nzobitaho, kandi nzoshitsa kuri mwebwe ijambo ryanje ryiza mu kubagarukana aha hantu [mu gihugu ca Yuda].”—Yeremiya 29:10.

Iranguka: Inyuma y’imyaka 70 Abisirayeli bamaze mu bunyagano, ni ukuvuga kuva mu 607 gushika mu 537 B.G.C., Umwami Kuro w’Ubuperesi yararekuye imbohe z’Abayuda maze arabareka basubira mu gihugu cabo c’amavukiro kugira ngo basubire kwubaka urusengero i Yeruzalemu.—Ezira 1:2-4.

Ivyo kahise kerekana:

● Abisirayeli boba bagumye ari imbohe i Babiloni imyaka 70 nk’uko Bibiliya yari yarabivuze? Raba ivyo uwitwa Ephraim Ster yavuze, akaba ari umucukuzi akomeye w’ivya kera w’Umwisirayeli. Yavuze ati: “Kuva mu 604 B.G.C. gushika mu 538 B.G.C., nta kimenyamenya na kimwe kihari cerekana ko [muri Isirayeli] habaye abantu. Muri ico gihe cose, nta gisagara na kimwe casanganguwe n’Abanyababiloni casubiye kubamwo abantu.” Ico kiringo ata bantu babaye mu turere twari twarigaruriwe canke ngo basubire kuhaba, kirahuye neza na neza n’igihe Abisirayeli bamaze i Babiloni ari inyagano kuva mu 607 gushika mu 537 B.G.C.—2 Ngoma 36:20, 21.

● Mu bihugu vya kera vyo mu karere ka Mezopotamiya wasanga bandika ku bisate bikozwe mw’ibumba ryoroshe. Igisate kimwe c’ibumba cumye citiriwe Kuro ni ico mu 539 B.G.C. canke hafi yaho, akaba ari wo mwaka nyene Umwami Kuro w’Ubuperesi yatembagaza Inganji ya Babiloni. Amwe mu majambo yanditse kuri ico gisate avuga ngo: “Ndi Kuro, . . . umwami wa Babiloni.” Ayo majambo nyene abandanya ati: “[Ivyo] bisagara vyeranda vyo hakurya y’uruzi Tigiri, ibibanza vyeranda vyavyo bikaba vyagumye ari imisaka igihe kirekire, narabisubije ibishushanyo (vyahoze) biriyo . . . Narakoranije (kandi) abo bose (bahoze) bahaba maze ndabasubiza aho bahora baba.”

Ayo makuru avuye ahandi atari muri Bibiliya arahuje n’ubuhanuzi bwo muri Bibiliya buvuga yuko Abayuda bajanywe ari inyagano bogarukanywe mu gihugu cabo c’amavukiro, bukaba ari ubuhanuzi bwanditswe imyaka nka 200 imbere y’igihe.

Ubuhanuzi bwa 3: “Babiloni, ca kirezi c’ubwami, bwa bwiza bw’ubwishime bw’Abakaludaya, itegerezwa gucika nka ca gihe Imana yatembagaza Sodomu na Gomora. Nta wuzokwigera ahaba.”—Yesaya 13:19, 20.

Iranguka: Ibintu vyarahindutse mu buryo butangaje, intwaro nganzasi ikomeye ya Babiloni iratsindwa n’ingabo z’urunani rw’Abamedi n’Abaperesi mu 539 B.G.C.a Ico gisagara nticigeze gisubira kumera nka kera. Ahubwo riho, cagiye kiratituka buhorobuhoro gushika gicitse igiharabuga, “aho ata muntu aba.”—Yeremiya 51:37.

Ivyo kahise kerekana:

● Babiloni yarazimanganye rwose ku buryo umuhinga Tom Boiy avuga yuko hari “abatohozakahise be n’ingenzi b’Abanyaburaya bo mu kinjana ca cumi na gatandatu gushika mu ca cumi n’umunani” bari bazi agaciro k’ico gisagara mugabo bikaba vyarabagoye kumenya “neza na neza aho cari giherereye.”

● Mu 1919, H. R. Hall, uwari ajejwe kuzigama ibintu vya kera vyo mu Misiri no muri Ashuri vyo mu bushinguro bw’utwa kera bwo mu Bwongereza, yadondoye Babiloni ati: “Ni ibihomvagurike vy’impome bisakiranye ng’aho . . . bipfutswe n’umusenyi.”

Ivyo twihweje ku bijanye n’iranguka ry’ubwo buhanuzi bitwereka iki? Biratomoye yuko incuro n’izindi Bibiliya yagaragaye ko ari igitabu c’ubuhanuzi bw’ukuri. Ubuhanuzi bwerekeye Yuda na Babiloni bwarangutse neza na neza nk’uko bwari bwaravuzwe!

Yeruzalemu yatikijwe kubera ko abantu baho batumviye ingabisho Imana yabahaye zijanye no guheba ingendo yabo y’ukutayubaha. Ya myaka 70 y’ubunyagano i Babiloni yari yaravuzwe irangiye, Abisirayeli bararekuwe barasubira iwabo i Yeruzalemu. Igisagara ca kera ca Babiloni caratikijwe nk’uko nyene vyari vyaravuzwe, kandi ntawukikibamwo gushika n’uno musi. Mugabo ubwo ni bukeyi gusa mu buhanuzi bwinshi buri muri Bibiliya.

Inomero ikurikira izokwerekana ukuntu ibintu vyabaye mu kijana ca mbere mu gihe cacu vyari vyaravuzwe kuva kera cane. Ubwo buhanuzi bwarangutse na bwo nyene buratuma turushiriza kwizigira ko Bibiliya ivuga ukuri.

[Akajambo k’epfo]

[Igicapo ku rup 22, 23]

(Ushaka igisomwa cose, raba ico kinyamakuru)

IGIHE IVYA BABILONI VYAGIYE BIRABERAKO

(B.G.C.)

[Ifoto ku rup. 22]

Amakete y’i Lakishi arashigikira inkuru ya Yeremiya ivuga ukuntu Abanyababiloni bigaruriye Yuda

[Ifoto ku rup. 23]

Icandikano citiriwe Kuro kiravuga politike Kuro yari afise yo gusubiza imbohe mu bihugu vyabo vy’amavukiro

[Abo dukesha ifoto ku rup. 23]

Urupapuro rwa 22, ikete ry’i Lakishi: Ifoto dukesha the British Museum; urupapuro rwa 23, icandikano citiriwe Kuro: © The Trustees of the British Museum