Umuzo Wabo n’Isagamba Ryabo mu Gihe ca None

IVYABONA VYA YEHOVA bo mu bihe vya none ubu baramaze imyaka irenga ijana babayeho. Mu ntango y’imyaka y’1870, umugwi w’inkehwa koko w’abiga Bibiliya ni ho watangura mu karere ka Allegheny i Pennsylvania muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho hakaba ubu ari igihimba ca Pittsburgh. Charles Taze Russell ni we yatanguje uwo mugwi. Muri Mukakaro 1879, inomero ya mbere y’ikinyamakuru Zion’s Watch Tower and Herald of Christ’s Presence (Umunara w’Inderetsi w’i Siyoni n’Integuza y’Ukuhaba kwa Kirisitu) ni ho yasohoka. Mu 1880 amashengero mirongo yarakwiragiye mu bihugu vyo hafi yaho avuye muri uwo mugwi mutoyi w’abagira inyigisho ya Bibiliya. Mu 1881 harashinzwe urwego rwitwa Zion’s Watch Tower Tract Society, hanyuma mu 1884 ruremezwa n’amategeko, Russell arubera perezida. Izina rya Sosiyete mu nyuma yaho ryarahinduwe riba Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society. Abatari bake bariko bashinga intahe inzu ku nzu batanga ibitabu bisigura Bibiliya. Abantu 50 ni bo bakora ico gikorwa c’igihe cose mu 1888—ubu igitigiri cabo tugize incahagati kw’isi yose ni nk’700.000.

Mu 1909, igikorwa cari cabaye mpuzamakungu, hanyuma ibiro bikuru vya Sosiyete vyimurirwa aho biri ubu, hakaba ari i Brooklyn muri New York. Insiguro zaragurishwa ku binyamakuru bizisohorera icarimwe, hanyuma mu 1913 izo zasohoka mu ndimi zine mu binyamakuru ibihumbi vyo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe, muri Kanada, no mu Buraya. Ibitabu, udutabu hamwe n’udutaragiti bishika amamiliyoni amajana vyari vyagabanganijwe.

Mu 1912 igikorwa catanguriye kw’ “Idaramu y’Amafoto y’ivy’Irema.” Ikoresheje amashusho adakoma be n’ayagendagenda ajanirana n’amajwi, yarerekanye ibintu vyo kuva kw’iremwa ry’isi gushika ku mpera y’Ingoma ya Kirisitu y’Imyaka Igihumbi. Ivyerekanwa vyatanguye mu 1914, ku musi ku musi abayibona bakaba bari 35.000. Ni yo yabaye iya mbere mu gukoresha amashusho agendagenda ajanirana n’amajwi.

WA MWAKA W’1914

Igihe c’agaheta cariko kiregereza. Mu 1876, umutohoji wa Bibiliya Charles Taze Russell yaraterereye ikiganiro kivuga ngo “Ibihe vy’Abanyamahanga: Bizorangira Ryari?” mu kinyamakuru Bible Examiner, casohorerwa i Brooklyn muri New York, kikaba cavuga ku rupapuro rwa 27 rw’inomero yaco yo muri Gitugutu giti: “Vya bihe indwi bizorangira mu 1914 A.D.” Ibihe vy’Abanyamahanga ni ikiringo cavuzwe mu yindi mpinduro ya Bibiliya ko ari “ibihe vyagenywe vy’amahanga.” (Luka 21:24, NW) Ivyari vyitezwe ko vyoshitse mu 1914 vyose ntivyashitse, mugabo vyararanze iherezo ry’Ibihe vy’Abanyamahanga ukaba kandi wari umwaka ufise insobanuro idasanzwe. Abatohozakahise hamwe n’abasasanuzi b’ibintu n’ibindi baremera yuko umwaka w’1914 wazanye ihinduka muri kahise k’abantu. Raba ivyerekanwa n’amajambo yavuzwe akurikira:

“Umwaka wa nyuma wari ‘uwusanzwe’ muri vyose muri kahise wari uw’1913, umwaka wakurikiwe n’uw’Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi Yose.”—Ikiganiro co mu kinyamakuru Times-Herald, Washington, D.C., 13 Ntwarante 1949.

“Ikiringo c’imyaka 75 yo kuva mu 1914 gushika mu 1989, icakwiranye na za ntambara zibiri z’isi yose hamwe na ya mishamirano, ku batohozakahise kiriko kirushiriza kuboneka nk’igihe kimwe cisa, igihe cibonekeje, igihe kimeze ukwaco aho igice kinini c’isi cari mu ntambara, cogorora kiva mu ntambara canke kiyitegurira.”—Ikinyamakuru The New York Times, 7 Rusama 1995.

“Isi yose uko ingana yarasambutse vy’ukuri mu Ntambara ya Mbere y’Isi Yose, kandi n’ubu ntituramenya igituma. Imbere yaho, abantu biyumvira yuko ibintu vyiza bipfuza bigiye kuza. Hari amahoro n’amahonda. Maze ibintu vyose birasambuka. Kuva ubwo twaraguye igihumura . . . Abantu benshi barishwe muri iki kinjana kuruta muri kahise kose.”—Dr. Walker Percy, American Medical News, 21 Munyonyo 1977.

Imyaka irenga 50 inyuma y’uw’1914, umutegetsi w’Umudagi Konrad Adenauer yanditse ati: “Umutekano n’ihumure vyaranyitse mu buzima bw’abantu kuva mu 1914.”—The West Parker, Cleveland, Ohio, 20 Nzero 1966.

Perezida wa mbere wa Sosiyete, C. T. Russell, yapfuye mu 1916 hanyuma mu mwaka ukurikira asubirirwa na Joseph F. Rutherford. Hari ibintu vyinshi vyahindutse. Ikinyamakuru mugenzi w’Umunara w’Inderetsi citwa L’Âge d’or, caratangujwe. (Ubu citwa Réveillez-vous!, kikaba gisohoka mu makopi arenga 20.000.000 mu ndimi zirenga 80.) Ugushinga intahe inzu ku nzu kwarashimikiweko cane kuruta. Kugira ngo bitandukanye n’ayandi madini yo mu Bitwa Abakirisu, mu 1931 abo Bakirisu bafashe izina ry’Ivyabona vya Yehova. Iryo zina rikaba rishingiye kuri Yesaya 43:10 -12.

Iradiyo yarakoreshejwe cane mu myaka y’1920 n’iy’1930. Mu 1933 Sosiyete yakoresha imirongo 403 yo kw’iradiyo mu gusamiriza insiguro zishingiye kuri Bibiliya. Mu nyuma, ikoreshwa ry’iradiyo ahanini ryasubirijwe ukugendera abantu inzu ku nzu bimwe birushirije bagenderwa n’Ivyabona, bafise icuma ndekuramajwi hamwe n’insiguro zafashwe amajwi zishingiye kuri Bibiliya. Inyigisho za Bibiliya zirongorerwa ku muhana zaratangujwe ku bantu bose berekana ko bashimishwa n’ukuri kwa Bibiliya.

INTSINZI ZO MURI SENTARE

Mu kiringo co mu myaka y’1930 n’iy’1940, Ivyabona benshi barahagaritswe bazira ugukora ico gikorwa, maze imanza ziraburanwa muri sentare mu kurondera gukingira umwidegemvyo wo kuvuga, wo kumenyesha amakuru, wo gukoranira hamwe n’uwo gusenga. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ukwunguruza imanza zikuwe mu masentare matomato kwatumye Ivyabona batsinda imanza 43 imbere ya Sentare Ntahinyuzwa ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Muri ubwo buryo nyene, hariho n’imanza zindi batsinze mu masentare ntahinyuzwa yo mu bindi bihugu. Ku vyerekeye izo ntsinzi zo mu masentare, Umwigisha C. S. Braden wo muri kaminuza, mu gitabu ciwe c’umutwe uvuga ngo These Also Believe (Aba Na Bo Nyene Baremera), ngibi ivyo yavuze ku Vyabona: “Bararanguriye demokarasi igikorwa ntangere mu kurwana urugamba rwo gukingira agateka kabo, kuko mu rugamba barwanye bakoze vyinshi kugira ngo bakingire ako gateka ku bw’imigwi yose y’abantu b’inkehwa muri Amerika.”

AMAPOROGARAMA YO GUKARISHA UBWENGE MU BURYO BUDASANZWE

J. F. Rutherford yapfuye mu 1942 hanyuma mu biro vya perezida asubirirwa na N. H. Knorr. Porogarama yumvikanyweko yo gukarisha ubwenge yaciye itangura. Mu 1943, ishure ryo gukarihiriza ubwenge abamisiyonari mu buryo budasanzwe, iryitwa Watchtower Bible School of Gilead, ryarashinzwe. Guhera ico gihe kubandanya, abasohoka iryo shure bararungikwa mu bihugu vyo kw’isi yose. Amashengero mashasha yaravutse mu bihugu bitagiramwo ishengero na rimwe, n’amashami yashinzwe mu bihugu bitandukanye ubu ararenga 100. Rimwe na rimwe, ivyigwa bidasanzwe vyagiye birashingwa ku bw’ugukarihiriza ubwenge abakurambere b’amashengero, abakozi b’abishakire bo ku mashami n’abitangiye gukora igihe cose (abatsimvyi) mu gikorwa co gushinga intahe. Ubwoko butari buke bw’ivyigwa binonosora inyigisho ihabwa abasuku b’ico gikorwa vyaratanzwe kw’iyigishirizo rikorera i Patterson, muri New York.

N. H. Knorr yapfuye in 1977. Kimwe mu bintu vyahindutse yagizemwo uruhara mu vy’iringanizwa ry’ishirahamwe imbere y’uko apfa, kwabaye ukwagura Inama Nyobozi, iyishashe ku cicaro gikuru i Brooklyn. Mu 1976 amabanga y’ubuyobozi yaragabuwe hanyuma ashingwa amakomite atandukanye agizwe n’abahurikiye mu Nama Nyobozi, abari muri yo bose bakaba bamaze imyaka mirongo bazi utuntu n’utundi ari abasuku.

INYUBAKWA Z’ICAPURIRO ZAGURWA

Inkuru ya kahise k’Ivyabona vya Yehova bo mu bihe vya none yuzuye ibintu vy’igitangaza. Kuva kuri wa mugwi umwe mutoya w’abagira inyigisho ya Bibiliya i Pennsylvania mu 1870, Ivyabona mu mwaka w’2000 barongerekanye gushika ku mashengero nk’90.000 kw’isi yose. Ibisohokayandikiro vyose ubwa mbere vyacapurwa n’amahinguriro y’abadandaza; maze mu 1920, Ivyabona bahinguriye ibitabu bimwebimwe mu nyubakwa z’icapuriro bakotesheje. Mugabo guhera mu 1927, ibindi bitabu vyinshi vyarahinguriwe mu nyubakwa y’icapuriro y’amagorofa umunani y’i Brooklyn, i New York, ikaba yigabirwa n’ishirahamwe Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc. Iyo ubu yaragutse ivamwo izindi nyubakwa z’icapuriro hamwe n’ikizu kinini c’ibiro. Hambavu yaho hariho n’izindi nyubakwa aho i Brooklyn zagenewe kuronsa uburaro abasuku bakora bavyishakiye mu nyubakwa z’isohorero ry’ivyandikano. Turetse ivyo, ahantu h’indimiro n’iyororero be n’icapuriro haratunganijwe hafi y’i Wallkill, mu bice vyo mu buraruko bwa New York. Hacapurirwa ibinyamakuru Umunara w’Inderetsi na Réveillez-vous! kandi hakarimirwa bimwebimwe mu bifungurwa bigaburirwa abasuku bakorera muri nya bibanza bitandukanye. Umukozi w’umwishakire wese araronka agafashanyo gatoyi ku kwezi kugira ngo ashobore kwikenura mu vyo yokenera.

AMAHWANIRO MPUZAMAKUNGU

Mu 1893 ihwaniro rya mbere rihambaye ryagiriwe muri Chicago, muri Illinois, aho hakaba ari muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Ryitabwe n’abantu 360, abashasha 70 barabatizwa. Ihwaniro mpuzamakungu rinini ryaherutse kuba ryagiriwe mu Gisagara ca New York mu 1958. Ryakoresheje ikibuga c’inkino citwa Yankee Stadium hamwe n’icari kihari citwa Polo Grounds. Abari baryitavye bashikiriye igitigiri c’agaheta c’abantu 253.922; abashasha babatijwe bangana 7.136. Kuva ico gihe amahwaniro mpuzamakungu agirwa yikurikiranya mu bihugu vyinshi. Muri rusangi, mwene urwo rukurikirane rushobora kuba rugizwe n’amahwaniro igihumbi mu bihugu vyinshi hirya no hino kw’isi.

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Igikorwa ntangere mu kurondera agateka k’umunyagihugu

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“Umunara w’Inderetsi,” guhera ku makopi 6.000 mu rurimi rumwe gushika ku makopi asaga 22.000.000 mu ndimi zirenga 132

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Igihe cazanye ihinduka muri kahise k’abantu

[Ifoto yuzuye urupapuro rwose, rup. 10]