Ni nde ndongozi ibereye muri iki gihe?

Mu 1940, ivy’uburongozi vyari bigeze ahanyerera mu Nama nshingamateka y’Ubwongereza. Uwitwa David Lloyd George w’imyaka 77, akaba yakurikiranye ibiganiro vy’iyo nama, yari yarashikanye Ubwongereza ku ntsinzi mu Ntambara ya Mbere y’isi yose, kandi imyaka myinshi yari yaramaze mu vya politike yatumye ashobora gusuzuma yitonze igikorwa c’abategetsi bakuru. Mw’ijambo yashikirije mu nyubakwa ihuriramwo abashingamateka (iyo bita chambre des communes) kw’igenekerezo rya 8 Rusama, yavuze ati: “Abavukagihugu bariteguriye kugira akigoro kose gakenewe mu gihe bafise abarongozi babereye, mu gihe bafise intwaro yerekana mu buryo butomoye imigambi yayo iyo ari yo, no mu gihe abo bavukagihugu bafise umwizero w’uko ababarongora bariko bakora uko bashoboye kwose”.

AYO majambo ya Lloyd George aratomora yuko abantu biteze ko ababarongora baba abantu babishoboye be n’uko bagira utwigoro tuvuye ku mutima kugira ngo bagerageze kuryohora ibintu. Umukozi umwe ajejwe ibijanye n’amasekeza yo kwiyamamaza abivuga muri ubu buryo: “Igihe abantu batoye umukuru w’igihugu, baba batoye umuntu bagiye kuzeza ubuzima bwabo, kazoza kabo, abana babo”. Gukora kugira ngo agume yizigiwe gutyo, ni igikorwa amahanga. Uti kubera iki?

Isi yacu yuzuyemwo ingorane zisa n’izidashobora gutorerwa umuti. Ni indongozi iyihe, nk’akarorero, yagaragaje yuko ifise ubukerebutsi n’ububasha ku buryo ishobora kurandurana n’imizi ubukozi bw’ikibi n’intambara? Ni nde mu barongozi bo muri iki gihe afise uburyo n’ikigongwe vyotuma aronsa abantu bose imfungurwa, amazi meza, akongera akabungabunga amagara yabo? Ni nde afise ubumenyi be n’ubushobozi vyotuma ashitsa ivyo yiyemeje kugira ngo akingire ibidukikije yongere abisubize uko vyari bimeze? Ni nde afise ubushobozi be n’ububasha bihagije vyotuma yemeza ko abantu bose bazogira ubuzima buramba kandi burangwa agahimbare?

Abantu nta vyo bashoboye

Ni ivy’ukuri yuko abarongozi bamwebamwe hari ibintu bikeyi bashitseko. Ariko rero, batwara mu myaka mirongo gusa, iyo na ho nyene baramvye. None ni nde aca akurikira? Umwe mu barongozi babishoboye kuruta abigeze kubaho, na we akaba ari wa Mwami Salomo wa Isirayeli ya kera, yarazirikanye ico kibazo. Yashitse kuri iki ciyumviro: “Naciye nanka ubutame bganje bgose, ubgo natamiye musi y’izuba: kuko nzoba nkwiye kubisigarana ūzonkurikira. Kandi ni nde yomenya yuk’uyo azoba umunyabgenge cank’igipfu? Yamar’azoganza ivyavuye mu butame bganje bgose ivyo natamiye, nkerekaniramw’ubgenge musi y’izuba. Ivyo na vyo nyene n’ubusa”.—Umusiguzi 2:18, 19.

Salomo ntiyari azi nimba uwari kumusubirira yari kubandanya ubutame bwiwe ari co gikorwa ciza ciwe, canke nimba yari kugisambura cose uko cakabaye. Kuri Salomo, ivyo kuza barasubiriza abategetsi bahahora abashasha, vyari “ubusa”. Izindi Bibiliya, ukwo kuza barasubiriza abategetsi zivyita “ibitagira ikimazi” canke “ibitagira ico bishikako”. Hari impinduro imwe ivuga iti: “Nta co bivuze”.

Rimwe na rimwe, abantu barakoresha ubukazi kugira ngo batume haba ihinduka ry’abategetsi ku nguvu. Abarongozi babishoboye barishwe igihe baba bari ku butegetsi. Uwitwa Abraham Lincoln, akaba yari perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika yubahwa cane, yarigeze kubwira abariko baramwumviriza ati: “Naratowe kugira ngo ndangure igikorwa gihambaye mu kiringo kigufi, ubu na ho mu maso yanyu, narahawe ububasha bugiye kuvaho vuba”. Nkako, ubutegetsi bwiwe bwamaze igihe gito. Naho yakoze ibitari bike akaba kandi yari afise icipfuzo co gukorera abantu ibindi vyinshi, perezida Lincoln yatwaye igihugu ciwe imyaka ine gusa. Mu ntango z’ikiringo kigira kabiri c’ubutegetsi bwiwe, yaragandaguwe n’umugabo yashaka ko haba ihinduka mu burongozi.

Mbere n’abarongozi b’abantu babishoboye kuruta abandi bose ntibashobora kwishingira kazoza kabo bwite. Woba none ukwiye kubizigira ngo ni bo bazokuronsa kazoza? Bibiliya ivuga iti: “Ntimukishimire abahambaye, cank’umwana w’umuntu n’umwe, ata co yoshobora gukiza. Impwemu ziwe zimuvamwo, akisubirira mw ivu ryiwe; uwo musi nyene imigabo yiwe igashira”.—Zaburi 146:3, 4.

Kwemera iyo mpanuro yo kutizigira abarongozi b’abantu vyoshobora kuba ibigoye. Ariko rero, Bibiliya ntivuga yuko abantu batazokwigera baronka indongozi nziza kandi itazovaho. Muri Yesaya 32:1 havuga hati: “Rāba, umwami azoganza mu bugororotsi”. Yehova Imana, we Muremyi w’abantu, yarategekanije “umwami”, ni ukuvuga Indongozi itazoteba kwifatira mu minwe ibintu vyose vyo kw’isi. Uti iyo ndongozi ni nde? Ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya burerekana iyo ari yo.

Uwukwije ibisabwa koko kugira ngo abe indongozi

Ubu haraciye imyaka ibihumbi bibiri umumarayika abwiye umwigeme w’Umuyudakazi yitwa Mariya ati: “Uzosama inda, uvyare umuhungu, kand’uz’umwite YESU. Azoba mukuru, azokwitwa Umwana w’Īsumba vyose, kand’Umwami Imana azomuha intebe y’ubgami ya sekuruza Dawidi, ahangame mu nzu ya Yakobo ibihe bidashira; ubgami bgiwe ntibuzogira iherezo” (Luka 1:31-33). Ego cane, Yezu w’i Nazareti ni we Mwami avugwa mu buhanuzi bwa Bibiliya.

Ibicapo vy’amadini bikunze kwerekana Yezu ari uruyoya, umuntu agoyagoya kandi adafungura bihagije, canke bikamwerekana ari umuntu yibabaza, yemera ata kuryogora ikintu ico ari co cose kimushikiye. Ayo mashusho ntaha abantu umwizero w’uko yoshobora kuba Umutware. Ariko rero, Yezu Kirisitu w’ukuri umwe avugwa muri Bibiliya, yari umugabo afise ingoga, abushitse, yuzuye umwete kandi yibwiriza kugira ico akoze. Ikindi kandi, yari afise izindi kamere zatuma yoba indongozi ikwije ibisabwa (Luka 2:52). Ng’iyi imice imwimwe iranga kamere idasanzwe yari afise.

Yezu yagumye ari intadohoka bimwe bitagira agahaze. Yari umuntu azira ubugunge kandi agororotse ku buryo yahigishije izuba riva abansi biwe ngo bashikirize ikirego gifise ishingiro bamwagiriza. Ntibashoboye kuronka ico bamwagiriza (Yohana 8:46). Inyigisho ziwe zizira ukwiyorobeka zarashwiruye abantu benshi b’imitima nziraburyarya baracika abayoboke biwe.—Yohana 7:46; 8:28-30; 12:19.

Yezu yari yariyeguriye Imana ata co yisigarije. Yari yariyemeje rwose guheraheza igikorwa yashinzwe n’Imana ku buryo ata wumurwanya n’umwe yari gushobora kumuhagarika, yaba umuntu canke idayimoni. Ibitero vy’ubunyamaswa ntivyamutera ubwoba (Luka 4:28-30). Uburuhe be n’inzara ntivyamuca inkokora (Yohana 4:5-16, 31-34). Naho abagenzi biwe bamutaye, ntiyigeze adohoka kw’ihangiro ryiwe.—Matayo 26:55, 56; Yohana 18:3-9.

Yezu yaritwararika abantu bimwe bivuye ku mutima. Yararonkeje imfungurwa abari bashonje (Yohana 6:10, 11). Yarahumuriza ababa bishwe n’intimba (Luka 7:11-15). Yarahumuye impumyi, arazibura ibipfamatwi, yongera arakiza abari bakeneye kuvurwa (Matayo 12:22; Luka 8:43-48; Yohana 9:1-6). Yararemesheje intumwa ziwe zakora zigatama (Yohana, ikigabane ca 13-17). Yaragaragaje ko ari “umwungere mwiza” abungabunga intama ziwe.—Yohana 10:11-14.

Yezu yaremera gukora n’umutima ukunze. Yarogeje ibirenge vy’intumwa kugira ngo azigishe icigwa gihambaye (Yohana 13:4-15). Ibirenge vyiwe bwite vyaracafura igihe yaba ariko aramamaza inkuru nziza mu mayira yuzuyemwo umukungugu yo muri Isirayeli (Luka 8:1). Mbere n’igihe yariko ategekanya ivyo kuruhukira “ahantu h’agahinga”, yaragize ico akoze igihe amasinzi y’abantu yamurondera kugira ngo abaronse izindi nyigisho (Mariko 6:30-34). Muri ubwo buryo, yarashiriyeho abakirisu bose akarorero ko kuba inshirukabute.—1 Yohana 2:6.

Yezu yaraheraheje igikorwa yari yarashinzwe maze arava kw’isi. Impera yaronse ku bw’ukudahemuka kwiwe ni uko Yehova Imana yamuhaye kuba Umwami amuha n’ubuzima budapfa mw’ijuru. Ku vyerekeye Yezu yazutse, Bibiliya ivuga iti: ‘Kirisitu yaramaze kuzuka mu bapfuye, ntagipfa, urupfu ntirukimuganza’ (Abaroma 6:9). Urashobora guhera amazinda yuko ari we Ndongozi ishoboye kurongora abantu kuruta izindi zose. Kirisitu Yezu niyamara kwifatira mu minwe isi yose, ntibizoba bikenewe guha ubutegetsi uwundi muntu, eka ntibizokwigera binakenerwa ko uburongozi buhinduka. Ntazokwigera akurwaho igihe azoba ari ku butegetsi, kandi igikorwa ciwe ntikizosamburwa canke ngo cononwe n’umusubirizi atabishoboye. Ariko none, ni ibiki neza na neza azokora kugira ngo azanire ivyiza abantu?

Ivyo iyo ndongozi nshasha izokora

Zaburi ya 72 iraduha amakuru menyeshakazoza amwamwe yerekana ingene uwo Mwami atagira amakemwa kandi adapfa, azoganza. Ku murongo wa 7 n’uwa 8, tuhasoma uku: “Mu misi yiwe abagororotsi bazororanirwa, kandi hazosēndēra amahoro, gushitsa ah’ukwezi kuzoviraho. Azoganza uhereye ku kiyaga ugashitsa ku kiyaga kindi, kand’uhereye kuri rwa Ruzi, ugashitsa ku mpera y’isi”. Ku ngoma yiwe izozana ivyiza, ababa kw’isi bazoronka umutekano w’ibihe bidahera kandi utigera uhungabana. Azosangangura ibirwanisho vyose biriho ubu yongere mbere akure mu mutima w’umuntu icipfuzo co kurwana. Abantu muri iki gihe batera abandi nk’intambwe zishashaye ico zirya canke bakora nk’amadubu y’inkazi ku bantu nka bo, bazoba bahinduye agatima bimwe bishitse (Yesaya 11:1-9). Amahoro azoba umusesekara.

Zaburi ya 72 iravuga kandi kuva ku murongo wa 12 gushika ku wa 14 iti: “Azokiza umukene ah’azotakambira, n’umugorwa atagira gitabara. Azogirira akagongwe uworoshe n’umukene, amagara y’abakene azoyakiza. Azobacungura, abakize agahahazo n’umuryano; kand’amaraso yabo azoba ay’igiciro mu nyonga ziwe”. Uworoshe, umukene be n’umugorwa bazoba bari mu muryango umwe w’abantu urangwa agahimbare kandi wunze ubumwe, urongowe n’Umwami Yezu Kirisitu. Umunezero ni wo uzoranga ubuzima bwabo, si umubabaro be n’ukwihebura.—Yesaya 35:10.

Umurongo wa 16 utanga uyu muhango: “Hazokwera impeke habe agahimbo mu gihugu no ku mpinga z’imisozi”. Inzara ni ikintu cama kidugarika abantu amamiliyoni kw’isi muri iki gihe. Ivya politike be n’umwina akenshi bituma imfungurwa zihagije zitagabanganywa ata mwana n’ikinono, ari co gituma abantu amasinzi, na canecane abana, usanga bicwa n’ikigoyi. Mugabo ku ngoma ya Yezu Kirisitu, iyo ngorane izogenda amazimayongo. Isi izotanga umwimbu mwiza w’imfungurwa z’akanovera. Abantu bose bazogaburirwa neza.

Woba wipfuza kuzoronka kuri iyo mihezagiro izozanwa n’uburongozi bwiza? Nimba uvyipfuza, tukuremesheje kwiga ivyerekeye iyo ndongozi igira yifatire mu minwe ivyo kw’isi vyose. Ivyabona vya Yehova bazogufasha kwiga ibiyerekeye babigiranye akanyamuneza. Ntuzotaha zirayoye, kubera ko Yehova Imana ubwiwe avuga ku vyerekeye Umwana wiwe ati: “Ni jewe niyimikiye umwami wanje kuri Siyoni, umurwa wanje wera”.—Zaburi 2:6.

[Uruzitiro ku rup. 5]

BAKUWE KU BUTEGETSI ATA WARI AVYITEZE

Umutegetsi arashobora mu bisanzwe kwizigira kwubahwa no gufatwa mu mugongo n’abo atwara, mu gihe abazaniye amahoro akongera agatuma babaho batekaniwe ku rugero runaka. Ariko rero, mu gihe abantu batakimwizigiye bitumwe n’imvo iyo ari yo yose, uwundi muntu yoshobora kumusubirira bidatevye. Ng’ubu uburorero bumwebumwe bw’ibintu vyatumye abategetsi b’ibihangange bava ku butegetsi ata muntu yari avyiteze.

Ukubaho mu buryo bubabaje. Amaja mu mpera z’ikinjana ca 18, abanyagihugu benshi bo mu Bufaransa barahatiwe kumara igihe kirekire babaho batanga amakori menshi kandi bakaronka udufungurwa tw’intica ntikize. Ivyo bintu ni vyo vyabaye inkwezi ya rya Hinduka ry’ubutegetsi ryo mu Bufaransa, rikaba ryatumye Umwami Louis wa 16 acibwa umutwe mu 1793.

Intambara. Intambara ya Mbere y’isi yose yarahagaritse ubutegetsi bwa bamwebamwe mu bami b’abami b’abanyabubasha kuruta abandi babayeho kera. Nk’akarorero, mu 1917 intambara yatumye haba umukeno w’ibifungurwa i St. Petersburg mu Burusiya, ivyo bivamwo rya Hinduka ry’ubutegetsi ryaba muri Ruhuhuma. Iryo hinduka ryatumye Umwami w’abami Nicholas II ava ku ngoma ryongera rishikana ku butegetsi bw’Abakomunisita. Muri Munyonyo 1918, Ubudagi bwashaka amahoro, mugabo urunani rw’ibihugu vyaburwanya ntirwari guhagarika kurwana hatabaye ihinduka mu butegetsi. Ico vyavuyemwo ni uko Umwami w’abami w’Ubudagi ari we Wilhelm wa kabiri vyabaye ngombwa ko ahungira mu Buholande.

Icipfuzo co gutwarwa n’intwaro itandukanye n’iyahahora. Mu 1989 rwa rugabano rwatandukanya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti n’ibindi bihugu vyo mu Buraya bwo mu Burengero, rwarakuweho. Intwaro zasa n’izikomeye nk’igitandara zaramanyaguritse igihe abo zatwara batera akagere Ubukomunisita bagashiraho ubundi butegetsi.

[Amafoto ku rup. 7]

Yezu yaragaburiye abashonje, arakiza abarwaye yongera arashiriraho abakirisu bose akarorero bokurikiza

[Abo dukesha ifoto ku rup. 4]

Lloyd George: Ifoto yafashwe na Kurt Hutton/Picture Post/Getty Images