Ijambo rya Yehova ni rizima

Ibikurubikuru vyo mu gitabu ca Ezira

NKURU yo mu gitabu ca Bibiliya ca Ezira ihera aho inkuru yo mu gitabu ca Ngoma za Kabiri irangirira. Umwanditsi waco, uwo na we akaba ari umuherezi Ezira, atangura iyo nkuru avuga ivy’ukuntu Umwami Kuro w’Ubuperesi asohora itegeko rirekurira amasigarira y’Abayuda batwawe inyagano i Babiloni gusubira mu gihugu cabo c’amavukiro. Iyo nkuru irangira yigana ukuntu Ezira afata ingingo zo guhumanura abihumanishije n’abantu bo muri ico gihugu. Ibivugwa muri ico gitabu vyose hamwe vyabaye mu kiringo c’imyaka 70, uhereye mu 537 gushika mu 467 B.G.C.

Ezira yandika ico gitabu afise intumbero itomoye, iyo na yo ikaba ari iyo kwerekana ingene Yehova yashikije umuhango yari yaratanze wo gukura abasavyi biwe mu bunyagano i Babiloni no gusubizaho ugusenga kw’ukuri i Yeruzalemu. Ku bw’ivyo, Ezira yibanda gusa ku bintu bijanye n’iyo ntumbero. Igitabu ca Ezira ni inkuru yigana ukuntu urusengero rwasubiye kwubakwa be n’ukuntu ugusenga Yehova kwasubijweho naho hari ukurwanywa kandi abasavyi b’Imana bakaba bari abanyagasembwa. Iyo nkuru iradufitiye akamaro kanini cane kubera ko na twebwe turi mu gihe c’isubizwaho ry’ugusenga kw’ukuri. Ubu, abantu benshi bariko basendanisha baja ku “murwa w’Uhoraho”, kandi isi yose iri hafi ‘kwuzura ukumenya icubahiro c’Uhoraho’.​—Yesaya 2:2, 3; Habakuki 2:14.

URUSENGERO RUSUBIRA KWUBAKWA

(Ezira 1:1–6:22)

Bivuye kw’itegeko ryo kurekurwa ryasohowe na Kuro, Abayuda nka 50.000 bari basanzwe ari inyagano barasubira i Yeruzalemu bayobowe na Buramatari Zerubabeli, ari na we Sheshibazari. Abo bagarutse, baca bubaka mu maguru masha igicaniro aho cari kiri maze bagatangura gushikanira Yehova ibimazi.

Mu mwaka ukurikira, Abisirayeli barashiraho umushinge w’ingoro ya Yehova. Abansi baguma baburabuza nya gikorwa co gusubira kwubaka iyo ngoro, maze amaherezo bagashobora gutuma umwami asohora itegeko ryo kugihagarika. Abahanuzi Hagayi na Zekariya bararemesha abantu ku buryo baca basubira kubandanya iyubakwa ry’urusengero naho ribujijwe. Abansi baratinya kwegera aho hantu ku bwo gutinya ko bohava barwanya itegeko ntabanduka ry’Abaperesi ryasohowe na Kuro mu ntango. Itohoza abategetsi bagira rituma huburwa rya tegeko Kuro yatanze rijanye n’“ivy’inzu y’Imana i Yerusalemu” (Ezira 6:3). Igikorwa kirabandanya neza kandi kigasozerwa.

Inyishu z’ibibazo bishingiye ku Vyanditswe:

1:3-6​—Abisirayeli batitanze ngo basubire mu gihugu cabo c’amavukiro boba bari bafise ukwizera kugoyagoya? Bamwe bashobora kuba batasubiye i Yeruzalemu kubera ko bakunda amaronko canke kubera ko bataha agaciro ugusenga kw’ukuri, ariko si ko vyari biri kuri bose. Ubwa mbere hoho, urugendo rw’ibilometero 1.600 rwo kuja i Yeruzalemu rwatwara amezi ane canke atanu. N’ikindi kandi, kuba mu gihugu cari kimaze imyaka 70 ari umusaka no gukora igikorwa co gusubira kwubaka urusengero, vyosavye inguvu nyinshi. Ku bw’ivyo, ibintu bitoroshe umuntu yaba arimwo, nk’indwara, ubusaza be n’amabanga yo mu rugo, nta gukeka ko vyatumye hagira abadasubira i Yeruzalemu.

2:43​—Abanetinimu (Bibiliya Yera, akajambo k’epfo) bari bande? Abo bari abantu batakomoka mu Bisirayeli bakora igikorwa co ku rusengero ari abashumba canke abasuku. Muri bo harimwo abakomoka kuri ba Banyagibeyoni bo mu gihe ca Yosuwa hamwe n’abandi bantu “Dawidi n’abāmutwarira bāri bāratanze ngo bakorere Abalewi”.​—Ezira 8:20.

2:55​—Abuzukuruza b’abasavyi ba Salomo bari bande? Bano bari abantu batari Abisirayeli, batewe uduteka tudasanzwe mu murimo wa Yehova. Bashobora kuba bari abanditsi canke abimuzi b’ivyanditswe bakorera ku rusengero, canke bakaba bakora mu mabango ajanye n’ivy’intwaro.

2:61-63​—Abari baratwawe inyagano basubiye i Yeruzalemu, boba bararonka ya Urimu na Tumimu zakoreshwa mu gihe haba hakenewe kubaza Yehova? Abavuga ko bakomoka mu muryango w’abaherezi ariko ntibashobore kwerekana urukurikirane rw’umuryango bakomokamwo, bari gushobora gusuzumwa ko bavuga ukuri hakoreshejwe Urimu na Tumimu. Ezira abivuga gusa nk’ivyari gushobora kugirwa. Nta na hamwe mu Vyanditswe havuga yuko Urimu na Tumimu zakoreshejwe ico gihe canke inyuma yaho. Inkuru mpererekanwa y’Abayuda ivuga ko Urimu na Tumimu vyazimanganye igihe urusengero rwasamburwa mu 607 B.G.C.

3:12​—Ni kubera iki “abatāma bose bari barabonye ingoro ya mbere” ya Yehova barize? Abo bagabo baribuka ukuntu rwa rusengero rwubakwa na Salomo rwari rwakaka. Umushinge w’urusengero rushasha babona imbere yabo wari “nk’ubusa mu maso [yabo]” bawugereranije n’urusengero rwa Salomo (Hagayi 2:2, 3). Utwigoro bariko baragira, twoba twari gutuma urusengero rusubira kuba urwakaka nk’urwa mbere? Bashobora kuba bumvise bacitse intege, baca rero bararira.

3:8-10; 4:23, 24; 6:15, 16​—Igikorwa co gusubira kwubaka urusengero catwaye imyaka ingahe? Umushinge w’urusengero washizweho mu 536 B.G.C., aho hakaba hari “mu mwaka ugira kabiri uhereye aho bashikiye”. Igikorwa c’ukwubaka cahagaze mu misi y’Umwami Aritazeruzi, mu 522 B.G.C. Ico gikorwa cagumye kibujijwe gushika mu 520 B.G.C., umwaka ugira kabiri Umwami Dariyo ari ku ngoma. Urusengero rwarangijwe mu mwaka ugira gatandatu ari ku ngoma, ni ukuvuga mu 515 B.G.C. (Raba uruzitiro ruvuga ngo “Abami b’Abaperesi batwaye guhera mu 537 gushika mu 467 B.G.C.”.). Uca rero ubona ko iyubakwa ry’urusengero ryatwaye nk’imyaka 20.

4:8–6:18​—Iki gihimba c’igitabu ca Ezira canditswe mu giharameya. Kubera iki? Ico gihimba ahanini kirimwo amakopi y’amakete abategetsi barungikiye abami be n’inyishu abo bami batanze. Ezira yayimuye ayakuye mu nzandiko za Leta zanditswe mu giharameya, ico gihe urwo rukaba ari rwo rurimi rwakoreshwa mu vy’ubudandaji no mu vy’intwaro. Ibindi bihimba vya Bibiliya vyanditswe muri urwo rurimi rwa kera rwavugwa n’abantu b’Abasemite, ni Ezira 7:12-26, Yeremiya 10:11, na Daniyeli 2:4b–7:28.

Ivyigwa tuhigira:

1:2. Ivyo Yesaya yavuze nk’imyaka 200 imbere y’uko bishika, vyararangutse (Yesaya 44:28). Ubuhanuzi bwo mw’Ijambo rya Yehova ntibwigera bureka kuranguka.

1:3-6. Cokimwe na bamwebamwe mu Bisirayeli bagumye i Babiloni, benshi mu Vyabona vya Yehova ntibashobora kwinjira mu busuku bw’igihe cose canke kuja gukorera ahakeneye gukorerwa kurusha ahandi. Yamara, barafata mu mugongo bakongera bakaremesha abashobora gukora umurimo w’igihe cose, bakanatanga intererano bavyishakiye kugira bateze imbere igikorwa co kwamamaza Ubwami no guhindura abantu abigishwa.

3:1-6. Mu kwezi kugira indwi kw’umwaka wa 537 B.G.C. (ari kwo Tishiri, uguhuye na Nyakanga-Gitugutu), abantu b’intahemuka bari baragarutse barashikanye ikimazi cabo ca mbere. Umwami Nebukadinezari yari yinjiye i Yeruzalemu mu kwezi kugira gatanu (ari kwo Abi, uguhuye na Mukakaro-Myandagaro) kw’umwaka wa 607 B.G.C., maze mu mezi abiri igisagara cari kimaze gusamburwa cose (2 Abami 25:8-17, 22-26). Nk’uko vyari vyaravuzwe, ukuba umusaka kwa Yeruzalemu kwaheranye neza na neza n’imyaka 70 (Yeremiya 25:11; 29:10). Ikintu cose Ijambo rya Yehova rivuga imbere y’igihe cama gishika.

4:1-3. Amasigarira y’intahemuka yaranse kwemera ikintu cotumye agiranira imigenderanire n’abasenga imana z’ikinyoma (Kuvayo 20:5; 34:12). Ni ko n’abasavyi ba Yehova muri iki gihe batagira uruhara mu mihari iyo ari yo yose y’ivy’ugusukiranya ukwizera.

5:1-7; 6:1-12. Yehova arashobora kuyobora ibintu kugira ngo abasavyi biwe baroranirwe.

6:14, 22. Kugira uruhara n’umwete mu gikorwa ca Yehova bituma adushima akongera akaduhezagira.

6:21. Abasamariya baba mu gihugu c’Abayuda ico gihe hamwe n’Abayuda bagarutse bari baratwawe n’utwosho tw’abapagani, aho baboneye ukuntu igikorwa ca Yehova cariko gitera imbere, vyarabavyuriye umutima wo kugira amahinduka akenewe mu buzima bwabo. Ntidukwiye none kugira uruhara n’umwete mwinshi mu gikorwa twashinzwe n’Imana, harimwo n’igikorwa co gutangaza Ubwami?

EZIRA AZA I YERUZALEMU

(Ezira 7:1–10:44)

Ubu haraheze imyaka 50 kuva ya ngoro ya Yehova yasubira kwubakwa yinjiwe. Turi mu mwaka wa 468 B.G.C. Ezira arava i Babiloni akaja i Yeruzalemu. Agenda ajanye n’amasigarira y’abasavyi b’Imana hamwe n’intererano zatanzwe. Uti none aho i Yeruzalemu ahasanga iki?

Abakuru ari bo baganwa, babwira Ezira bati: “Abisirayeli n’abaherezi n’Abalewi ntibitandukanije n’abantu bo mur’ibi bihugu, ariko bakora ivy’ubuyobe”. N’ikindi kandi, “abakuru n’abashingantahe ni bo babaye aba mbere mur’ico gicumuro” (Ezira 9:1, 2). Ezira biramubabaza cane. Araremeshwa ngo ‘ashire ubwoba, agire ico akoze’ (Ezira 10:4). Ezira aragira ico akoze kugira akosore ibintu, kandi abantu baravyakira neza.

Inyishu z’ibibazo bishingiye ku Vyanditswe:

7:1, 7, 11​—Iyo mirongo yose yoba yerekeza kuri umwe Aritazeruzi yahagarika igikorwa co gusubira kwubaka urusengero? Oya. Aritazeruzi ni izina ry’icubahiro ryahawe abami babiri b’Abaperesi. Umwe yari Baridiya canke Gomata, ari na we yategetse ko igikorwa co kwubaka urusengero gihagarara, mu 522 B.G.C. Aritazeruzi wo muri ca gihe Ezira yaza i Yeruzalemu, ni Aritazeruzi Longemano.

7:28–8:20​—Ni kubera iki Abayuda benshi mu bari i Babiloni batashimye kujana na Ezira i Yeruzalemu? Naho hari haciye imyaka irenga 60 umugwi wa mbere w’Abayuda usubiye mu gihugu cabo c’amavukiro, i Yeruzalemu haba abantu bakeyi gusa basabagiye hirya no hino. Gusubira i Yeruzalemu vyasobanura gutangura ubuzima bushasha umuntu ari mu bintu bitoroshe kandi birimwo akaga. Abayuda bashobora kuba bari baramaze gutunga no gutunganirwa i Babiloni, babona ko umenga basubiye i Yeruzalemu ntiboshoboye kuronka amatungo, kubera ukuntu ivyaho vyari vyifashe muri iyo misi. N’ikindi kintu umuntu atokwirengagiza, ni urugendo rurimwo akaga bategerezwa kugira. Abosubiyeyo botegerejwe kuba bizera Yehova bimwe bikomeye, bafitiye umwete ugusenga kw’ukuri, kandi bakaba bafise umutima rugabo wo kuja i Yeruzalemu. Mbere na Ezira ari Ezira yabanje kwikomeza n’ikiganza ca Yehova cari kuri we. Bivuye ku ndemesho Ezira yatanze, imiryango ishika ku 1.500, kumbure ikaba yari igizwe n’abantu 6.000, yaremeye kugenda. Ezira amaze kugira n’utundi twigoro, Abalewi 38 be n’Abanetinimu 220 baremeye kugenda.

9:1, 2​—Kwabirana n’abantu bo mu gihugu, vyarimwo akaga gakomeye ku rugero rungana iki? Iryo hanga ryari ryasubijwe umutamana ryobwirijwe kuzigama ugusenga Yehova gushika Mesiya aje. Kwabirana n’abandi bantu baba muri ico gihugu vyari kugeramira rwose ugusenga kw’ukuri. Kubera ko bamwebamwe bari barabiranye n’abantu basenga ibigirwamana, nya hanga ryose ryari guhava amaherezo rivangana n’amahanga y’abapagani. Ugusenga gutyoroye kwari gushobora kuzimangana kw’isi. Wumva none Mesiya yoje kuri bande? Ntibitangaje kubona Ezira yarababaye cane igihe yabona ivyari vyarabaye!

10:3, 44​—Ni kubera iki abagore birukananywe n’abana? Iyo nya bana basigara, vyorushirije gushoboka cane ko abo bagore birukanywe bagaruka kubera abo bana. N’ikindi kandi, abana batoyi mu bisanzwe barakenera ko nyina wabo abitwararika.

Ivyigwa tuhigira:

7:10. Ezira yaradusigiye akarorero keza mu kuba umuntu yiga Ijambo ry’Imana abigiranye ubwira akaba n’umwigisha kirumara w’Ijambo ry’Imana. Biciye kw’isengesho, yarateguriye umutima wiwe gusuzuma Ivyagezwe vya Yehova. Igihe Ezira yaba ariko arasuzuma ivyo Vyagezwe, yaritwararika rwose ivyo Yehova yaba ariko aravuga. Ezira yarashira mu ngiro ivyo yiga, akongera akihatira rwose kwigisha abandi.

7:13. Yehova ashaka abasuku bitanga babikunze.

7:27, 28; 8:21-23. Ezira yitiriye Yehova ibintu vyose vyari vyarashobotse, aramwinginga bimwe bivuye ku mutima imbere yo gufata urugendo rurerure rurimwo akaga rwo kuja i Yeruzalemu, kandi yari yiteguriye gushira ubuzima bwiwe mu kaga ku bw’ubuninahazwa bw’Imana. Gutyo, yaradusigiye akarorero keza twokurikira.

9:2. Dutegerezwa gufatana uburemere ya nkeburo duhabwa yo kwubaka ‘mu Mwami gusa’.​—1 Ab’i Korinto 7:39.

9:14, 15. Kwifatanya n’abagenzi babi birashobora gutuma umuntu aba atagishimwa na Yehova.

10:2-12, 44. Abari barabiriye abagore b’abanyamahangakazi barigaye babigiranye ukwicisha bugufi maze barakosora inzira zabo zitabereye. Agatima bagaragaje be n’ivyo bakoze vyarabaye akarorero keza.

Yehova arashitsa ivyo asezerana

Ese ukuntu igitabu ca Ezira kidufitiye akamaro kanini! Yehova yashikije neza na neza ku gihe umuhango yari yaratanze wo kubohoza abasavyi biwe mu bunyagano bw’i Babiloni no gusubizaho ugusenga gutyoroye i Yeruzalemu. Ivyo none ntibikomeza ukwizera kwacu muri Yehova no mu mihango yiwe?

Niwiyumvire uburorero dusanga mu gitabu ca Ezira. Ezira n’amasigarira yasubiye i Yeruzalemu kugira uruhara mu gusubizaho ugusenga gutyoroye barerekanye ukuyobokera Imana kw’akarorero. Ico gitabu kirashira ahabona kandi ukwizera kw’abanyamahanga batinya Imana be n’agatima k’ukwicisha bugufi kagaragajwe n’abakoze icaha ariko bakigaya. Vy’ukuri, amajambo yahumetswe ya Ezira aratanga ikimenyamenya gitomoye c’uko ‘ijambo ry’Imana ari rizima kandi ko rifise ubukuba’.​—Abaheburayo 4:12.

[Igicapo/Ifoto ku rup. 18]

ABAMI B’ABAPERESI BATWAYE GUHERA MU 537 GUSHIKA MU 467 B.G.C.

Kuro Mukuru (Ezira 1:1) yapfuye mu 530 B.G.C.

Kambize, canke Ahasuwerusi (Ezira 4:6) 530-522 B.G.C.

Aritazeruzi, ari we Baridiya canke Gomata (Ezira 4:7) 522 B.G.C. (Yagandaguwe amaze amezi indwi gusa ari ku ngoma)

Dariyo wa mbere (Ezira 4:24) 522-486 B.G.C.

Zeruzi, canke Ahasuwerusia 486-475 B.G.C. (Yarafatanije na Dariyo wa mbere kuganza guhera mu 496 gushika mu 486 B.G.C.)

Aritazeruzi Longemano (Ezira 7:1) 475-424 B.G.C.

[Akajambo k’epfo]

[Ifoto]

Ahasuwerusi

[Ifoto ku rup. 17]

Kuro

[Ifoto ku rup. 17]

Ako kantu kitiriwe Kuro kameze nk’ingiga y’igiti, kari kanditsweko amajambo avuga ivyo gusubiza inyagano mu gihugu cazo c’amavukiro

[Abo dukesha ifoto]

Ako kantu kameze nk’ingiga y’igiti: Ifoto yafashwe bitangiwe uburenganzira na British Museum

[Ifoto ku rup. 20]

Woba uzi icatumye Ezira aba umwigisha kirumara?