Ingene abantu barondeye ukumurikirwa

“UKUTAMENYA ntikwigera na rimwe kuruta ukumenya”. Ayo majambo yavuzwe na Laura Fermi, umugore wa Enrico Fermi wa muhinga mu vya siyansi yari azwi cane. Hari abohakana ayo majambo bakavuga ngo ico utazi ntikikwica. Ariko rero, abantu benshi babona yuko ivyo uwo mugore yavuze ari ivy’ukuri, haba mu bijanye n’ubushakashatsi bwo mu vya siyansi, canke mu yindi mice y’ubuzima. Ukutamenya, ni ukuvuga ukuba umuntu atazi ukuri, kwatumye abantu benshi bamara ibinjana n’ibindi bagenda baratsitagurika mu mwiza mu bijanye n’ubumenyi, ivy’ukwigenza runtu be n’ivy’Imana.​—Abanyefeso 4:18.

Ni co gituma abantu bazirikana ku bintu usanga barondera ukumurikirwa. Bararondera kumenya igituma turiho be n’iyo turiko turaja. Mu kurondera ukwo kumurikirwa, baciye mu nzira nyinshi zitandukanye. Reka turimbure muri make zimwe muri zo.

Hari abaciye mu vy’Imana

Inkuru mpererekanwa z’ababuda zivuga yuko uwitwa Siddhārtha Gautama, akaba ari we yatanguje idini ry’ababuda, yababazwa cane n’ukuntu abantu bacumukura be n’urupfu. Yarasavye abakuru bo mw’idini ry’abahindu ngo bamufashe kurondera “inzira y’ukuri”. Bamwe bamuremesheje kugira bimwe bita yoga be no kwibabaza rwose. Amaherezo, Gautama yahisemwo gukoresha uburyo bwo kuzirikana bimwe bigera kure umuntu ari wenyene, nka yo nzira yotuma aronka ukumurikirwa nyakuri.

Abandi bakoresheje ibiyayuramutwe mu kurondera ukumurikirwa. Nk’akarorero, muri iki gihe, abanywanyi b’idini rimwe ryitwa Idini ry’imvukira zo muri Amerika, bavuga yuko igiti kimwe co mu bwoko bw’ibihahe (ikirimwo ibintu biyayura umutwe) “gihishura ubumenyi buhishijwe”.

Umufilozofe umwe w’Umufaransa wo kinjana ca 18 yitwa Jean-Jacques Rousseau yemera yuko umuntu wese asenga abikuye ku mutima ashobora ubwiwe guhishurirwa n’Imana. Mu buhe buryo? Mu kwumviriza “ico Imana ibwira umutima”. Rero, nk’uko Rousseau yabivuze, ngo uburyo wiyumva ku bijanye n’ibintu binaka, ni ukuvuga ico inyiyumvo zawe be n’ijwi ryawe ryo mu mutima bikubwira, buzoheza bukubere “ubuyobozi bwo kwizigirwa kuruta ubundi muri uru rusobangane rw’ivyiyumviro vy’abantu”.​—History of Western Philosophy.

Hari abaciye mu vy’ugukoresha ubwenge

Benshi mu babayeho mu gihe kimwe na Rousseau bariyamirije bivuye inyuma ubwo buryo bwo kurondera kumurikirwa umuntu aciye mu vy’Imana. Nk’akarorero, mugenziwe umwe w’Umufaransa yitwa Voltaire yabona ko idini ritamurikiye abantu, ahubwo ko ryabaye co kintu nyamukuru catumye Uburaya bumara ibinjana n’ibindi mu kutamenya, mu kwemera ibintazi no mu kutubahiriza abandi, muri ca kiringo abatohozakahise bamwebamwe bise Ibihe vy’Umwiza.

Voltaire yarabaye umwe mu bagize wa mugwi w’Abanyaburaya washira imbere ivyo gukoresha ubwenge wiswe uw’Ukubonesherezwa. Abari bashigikiye uwo mugwi bagarutse kuri vya vyiyumviro vy’Abagiriki ba kera vy’uko ngo gukoresha ubwenge be no kugira ubushakashatsi mu vya siyansi ari vyo bintu nyamukuru vyotumye abantu baronka ukumurikirwa nyakuri. Uwundi muntu wo muri uwo mugwi yitwa Bernard de Fontenelle, yabona ko gukoresha ubwenge ubwavyo vyotumye abantu bashika mu “kinjana cogiye buhorobuhoro kirarushiriza kubamwo umuco, ku buryo ibinjana vyose vy’imbere yaco, ubigereranije na co, vyosigaye bibonwa ko vyaranzwemwo umwiza”.​—Encyclopædia Britannica.

Ivyo ni bimwebimwe gusa mu vyiyumviro vyinshi bidahuza abantu bagiye baragira ku bijanye n’ukuntu boronka ukumurikirwa. Hoba none vy’ukuri hariho “ubuyobozi bwo kwizigirwa” dushobora kwisunga mu kurondera ukuri? Rimbura ivyo ikiganiro gikurikira kivuga ku biraba ahantu ho kwizigirwa tworonderera ukumurikirwa.

[Ifoto ku rup. 3]

Gautama (ari we Buddha), Rousseau, na Voltaire barondereye ukumurikirwa mu nzira zitandukanye