Luka, umukozi mugenzanje mukundwa

HARI mu mwaka wa 65 G.C., hakaba hari i Roma. Luka yari azi yuko kwimenyekanisha ko ari umugenzi w’intumwa Paulo, uwariko aracirwa urubanza ico gihe ahorwa ukwizera kwiwe, vyari gushobora kumukwegera akarambaraye. Vyaboneka ko Paulo azocirwa urwo gupfa. Ariko muri ico gihe kitoroshe, Luka wenyene ni we yari kumwe n’iyo ntumwa.​—2 Timoteyo 4:6, 11.

Abasomyi ba Bibiliya benshi baramenyereye iryo zina rya Luka kubera yuko Injili yanditse yitirirwa izina ryiwe. Luka yaragiranye ingendo ndende na Paulo, uwamwita “umuganga mukundwa” be n’‘umukozi mugenziwe’ (Abakolosayi 4:14; Filemoni 24). Ivyanditswe nta bintu vyinshi bivuga ku bijanye na Luka, uretse ko bivuga izina ryiwe incuro zitatu gusa. Ariko rero, uko usuzuma ivyo ubushakashatsi buhishura ku bijanye na Luka, ivyo ari vyo vyose uraza guha agaciro uwo mukirisu w’intahemuka nk’uko Paulo yabigira.

Umwanditsi akaba n’umumisiyonari

Injili ya Luka be n’igitabu c’Ibikorwa vy’intumwa vyanditswe vyandikirwa Tofilo, ivyo bikaba vyerekana ko ivyo bitabu vyahumetswe n’Imana vyompi vyanditswe na Luka (Luka 1:3; Ibikorwa 1:1). Luka ntavuga ko yiboneye ubwiwe ubusuku bwa Yezu Kristu. Ahubwo riho, avuga ko ibintu yanditse yabibwiwe n’abantu bavyiboneye kandi ko “[y]akurikiranye neza ibintu vyose kuva mu ntango” (Luka 1:1-3). Birashoboka rero ko Luka yacitse umuyoboke wa Kristu inyuma gatoya ya Pentekoti yo mu 33 G.C.

Abantu bamwebamwe biyumvira ko Luka yaturuka i Antiyokiya h’i Siriya. Bishimikiza yuko igitabu c’Ibikorwa kivuga ido n’ido ry’ibintu vyabereye muri ico gisagara kandi kikaba kivuga ko umwe mu bantu indwi “bashingirwa intahe nziza” yari “uwinjiye idini ry’Abayuda w’i Antiyokiya”, mu gihe ibisagara abo bandi batandatu baturukamwo bidatomorwa. Naho ari ukwo, ntitwokwemeza yuko ivyo vyerekena ko Luka yitwararika bimwe bidasanzwe Antiyokiya, ku buryo twovuga ko ari co gisagara ciwe c’amavukiro.​—Ibikorwa 6:3-6.

Naho mu gitabu c’Ibikorwa izina rya Luka ritavugwamwo, imirongo imwimwe irakoresha imvugo “twe-” na “twa-” be na “-du-” na “-tu-”, ivyo bikaba vyerekana ko Luka yagize uruhara mu bintu bimwebimwe bidondorwa muri ico gitabu. Igihe Luka avuga ivyerekeye inzira Paulo be n’abo bari kumwe bafashe baca muri Aziya Ntoya, agira ati: “Baca iruhande ya Misiya bamanuka i Tirowa”. Aho i Tirowa ni ho Paulo yerekewe umugabo w’i Makedoniya yamwinginze ati: “Jabuka uze i Makedoniya, udufashe”. Luka yongerako ati: “Buno akimara kwerekwa, duca turondera kwinjira i Makedoniya” (Ibikorwa 16:8-10). Ukwo guhinduka kw’imvugo “baca” ikaba “duca” vyerekana ko Luka yahambije umugwi w’abari kumwe na Paulo i Tirowa. Luka aca adondora igikorwa co kwamamaza caranguriwe i Filipi, akabigira akoresheje umuvugwa wa mbere mu bwinshi, ivyo bikaba vyerekana ko yagize uruhara muri ico gikorwa. Yandika ati: “Ku musi w’isabato turasohoka hanze y’irembo, iruhande y’uruzi, aho twiyumvira ko hari ikibanza co gusengeramwo; hanyuma turicara dutangura kuyaga n’abagore bari bakoranye”. Ivyo vyatumye Lidiya be n’abo mu nzu yiwe bose bemera inkuru nziza maze barabatizwa.​—Ibikorwa 16:11-15.

Paulo n’abo bari kumwe barashikiwe n’ukurwanywa i Filipi, aho Paulo yakijije umusukukazi yahora agira indagu abishobojwe n’“idayimoni y’ukuragura”. Igihe ba shebuja babona ko icahora kibaronsa inyungu kivuyeho, baciye bacakira Paulo na Silasi, barabakubita bongera babata mw’ibohero. Biboneka yuko Luka we atafashwe, kubera yuko adondora amakuba abo bagenzi biwe baciyemwo akoresheje umuvugwa wa gatatu mu bwinshi. Igihe barekurwa, ‘[Paulo na Silasi] bararemesheje abavukanyi, baraheza baragenda’. Luka asubira gukoresha umuvugwa wa mbere mu bwinshi igihe gusa Paulo yari amaze gusubira i Filipi haciye igihe kitari gito (Ibikorwa 16:16-40; 20:5, 6). Bishoboka ko Luka yari yagumye i Filipi kugira ngo acungere igikorwa cariko kiraharangurirwa.

Ingene yatororokanije amakuru

None Luka yaronse gute amakuru yanditse mu Njili yiwe be no mu gitabu c’Ibikorwa? Ibice vyo mu gitabu c’Ibikorwa biri mu muvugwa wa mbere mu bwinshi, ni ukuvuga ivyo Luka yishiramwo igihe abara inkuru, vyerekana ko yaherekeje Paulo kuva i Filipi gushika i Yeruzalemu, aho iyo ntumwa yahavuye isubira gufatirwa. Igihe bari ku rugendo, abari kumwe na Paulo baragumanye i Sezariya na Filipo umwamamazanjili (Ibikorwa 20:6; 21:1-17). Luka ashobora kuba yatororokanije amakuru y’inkuru yerekeye ibikorwa vy’ubumisiyonari bwo mu ntango vyaranguriwe i Samariya ayahawe na Filipo, uno akaba ari we yaja imbere mu gikorwa co kwamamaza caranguriwe aho hantu (Ibikorwa 8:4-25). Mugabo none ni hehe kandi Luka yakuye ayandi makuru?

Imyaka ibiri Paulo yamaze mw’ibohero i Sezariya ishobora kuba yararonkeje Luka akaryo ko kugira ubushakashatsi ku bw’inkuru yanditse mu Njili. Yeruzalemu ntiyari kure, akaba yarashobora kujayo kurondera amakuru mu nyandiko zavuga ibijanye n’umuryango w’abo Yezu yakomotseko. Luka yaranditse ibintu vyinshi ku bijanye n’ubuzima bwa Yezu be n’ubusuku yaranguye ata handi tubisanga atari muri iyo Njili yanditse. Incabwenge imwe yaharuye mwene iyo mirongo yisa, yasanze n’imiburiburi ishika kuri 82.

Birashoboka ko Luka yamenye ibijanye n’ivuka rya Yohani abibwiwe na Elizabeti, nyina wa Yohani Umubatizi. Amakuru y’ido n’ido ku bijanye n’ivuka rya Yezu be n’ubuzima yagize akiri umwana, ashobora kuba yayabwiwe na nyina wa Yezu, ari we Mariya (Luka 1:5-80). Bishoboka ko Petero, Yakobo canke Yohani babwiye Luka ibijanye na kwa gufata ifi ku gitangaro (Luka 5:4-10). Mu Njili ya Luka ni ho honyene tumenyera ibijanye na bimwebimwe mu bigereranyo vya Yezu; nk’ibijanye na wa Musamariya w’imbabazi, umuryango waga, ugutakara kw’igiceri c’idarakima, umwana w’icangazi, be n’ibijanye na wa mutunzi na Lazaro.​—Luka 10:29-37; 13:23, 24; 15:8-32; 16:19-31.

Luka yaritwararika cane abantu. Mu Njili yiwe, yaranditse ibijanye n’ikimazi co gutyororwa catanzwe na Mariya, izuka ry’umuhungu w’umupfakazi, be n’ibijanye n’ingene umugore umwe yasize amavuta ibirenge vya Yezu. Luka aravuga ivyerekeye abagore basukurira Kristu akongera akatubwira ko Marita na Mariya bagaragarije Yezu ubwakiranyi. Injili ya Luka irigana ibijanye n’ugukizwa kw’umugore yari ahetamye nk’uwuvunitsemwo kubiri be n’ukw’umugabo yari arwaye urusina, hamwe n’uguhumanurwa kw’abanyamibembe cumi. Luka aratubwira ivyerekeye Zakayo, umugabo yari mugufi yuriye ku giti kugira ngo ashobore kubona Yezu, akongera akavuga ibijanye n’agatima ko kwigaya kagaragajwe n’umwe mu nkozi z’ikibi zari zimanikanywe na Kristu.​—Luka 2:24; 7:11-17, 36-50; 8:2, 3; 10:38-42; 13:10-17; 14:1-6; 17:11-19; 19:1-10; 23:39-43.

Biri n’ico bivuze kubona Injili ya Luka ivuga ibijanye n’ingene wa Musamariya w’imbabazi avugwa mu kigereranyo ca Yezu yavuye uruguma. Biboneka yuko Luka, kubera ko yari umuganga, avuga ivyerekeye ukwo kuvura uruguma kwadondowe na Yezu, ushizemwo ugukoresha umuvinyu bwa muti wo kwica imigera, amavuta bwa muti wo kugabanya ububabare be n’ibijanye no gutenga uruguma.​—Luka 10:30-37.

Asukurira imbohe

Luka yaritwararika intumwa Paulo. Igihe Paulo yari mw’ibohero i Sezariya, umutegetsi w’Umuroma yitwa Felisi yategetse ko ata “muntu n’umwe mu [bantu ba Paulo]” abuzwa “kumukorera” (Ibikorwa 24:23). Luka ashobora kuba yari muri abo basukurira Paulo. Narirya Paulo atama afise amagara meza, ukumwitwararika gishobora kuba cari kimwe mu bikorwa uwo “muganga mukundwa” yakora.​—Abakolosayi 4:14; Abagalatiya 4:13.

Igihe Paulo yungururiza urubanza kwa Sezari, umutegetsi w’Umuroma yitwa Fesito yaciye arungika iyo ntumwa i Roma. Abigiranye ukudahemuka, Luka yaraherekeje iyo mbohe mu rugendo rurerure rwabashikanye mu Butaliyano, kandi yaranditse inkuru ikora ku mutima yerekeye ukuntu ubwato bwabasabiyeko (Ibikorwa 24:27; 25:9-12; 27:1, 9-44). Igihe Paulo yari mu nzu y’ibohero i Roma, yaranditse amakete yahumetswe atari make, abiri muri ayo akaba yarayavuzemwo Luka (Ibikorwa 28:30; Abakolosayi 4:14; Filemoni 24). Birashoboka yuko muri ico kiringo c’imyaka ibiri ari ho Luka yandika igitabu c’Ibikorwa.

Mu bibanza Paulo yabayemwo i Roma, hategerezwa kuba harakorerwa ibikorwa vyinshi bijanye n’ivy’impwemu. Aho ni ho Luka ashobora kuba yarabonaniye na bamwebamwe mu bandi bakozi bagenzi ba Paulo, muri abo hakaba harimwo nka Tikiko, Arisitariko, Mariko, Yusito, Epafura be na Onezime.​—Abakolosayi 4:7-14.

Igihe Paulo yari apfunzwe ubugira kabiri, ico gihe akaba yarabona ko yari yegereje gupfa, Luka uwagaragaye ko ari intahemuka n’umurindutsi, yari kumwe n’iyo ntumwa naho abandi bari bayitaye. Luka ashobora kuba yaremeye kugumana na Paulo naho na we nyene yari gushobora gutakaza umwidegemvyo. Birashoboka ko Luka, akoreshejwe bwa mwanditsi, yoba ari we yanditse amajambo ya Paulo agira ati: “Luka wenyene ni we ari kumwe nanje”. Inkuru mpererekanwa ivuga yuko gatoya inyuma y’aho, ari ho Paulo yacibwa umutwe.​—2 Timoteyo 4:6-8, 11, 16.

Luka yari umuntu yitanga kandi yifata ruto. Ntiyihaya kubera ubumenyi yari afise canke ngo arondere kwiyerekana. Ego ni ko, yari gushobora gukurikirana ubuzima bwo kuba umuganga, mugabo yahisemwo gukora ivyo guteza imbere inyungu z’Ubwami. Nk’uko kwa Luka, ese na twebwe twokwamamaza inkuru nziza tubigiranye ukwitanga tukongera tugakora twicishije bugufi kugira ngo Yehova aninahazwe!​—Luka 12:31.

[Uruzitiro ku rup. 19]

TOFILO YARI NDE?

Injili ya Luka be n’igitabu c’Ibikorwa vy’intumwa, vyompi Luka yavyanditse avyandikira Tofilo. Mu Njili ya Luka, uwo mugabo yitwa “uwubahwa cane Tofilo” (Luka 1:3). “Uwubahwa cane”, yari imvugo yakoreshwa mu kwerekeza ku muntu ahambaye kandi afise ubutunzi bwinshi be no ku muntu yari afise ikibanza kiri hejuru mu ntwaro y’Abaroma. Intumwa Paulo yarakoresheje imvugo nk’iyo nyene igihe yariko aravugana n’umutegetsi w’Umuroma yitwa Fesito.​—Ibikorwa 26:25.

Biboneka ko Tofilo yari yarumvise ubutumwa bwerekeye Yezu kandi bukaba bwaramushimisha. Luka yarizigira ko amakuru ari mu Njili yanditse yari gufasha Tofilo kugira ngo “[a]menye neza yuko ivyo [yari yari]gishijwe ku munwa ari ivy’ukuri”.​—Luka 1:4.

Twisunze ibivugwa n’incabwenge imwe y’Umugiriki yitwa Richard Lenski, ntivyoba bishoboka yuko Tofilo yari uwizera igihe Luka yamwita “uwubahwa cane”, kubera ko “mu bitabu vyose vya gikirisu, . . . ata muvukanyi mukirisu yigeze yitwa mwene ayo mazina y’icubahiro yo mw’isi atandukanya abantu”. Igihe mu nyuma Luka yandika igitabu c’Ibikorwa, ntiyakoresheje rya zina ry’icubahiro “uwubahwa cane”, ahubwo yavuze gusa ati: “Ewe Tofilo” (Ibikorwa 1:1). Lenski ashika kuri iki ciyumviro: “Igihe Luka yandika Injili yiwe yandikira Tofilo, uwo mugabo yubahwa ntiyari bwabe umukirisu ariko yarashimishwa cane n’ibintu vy’ubukirisu; mugabo igihe Luka yamurungikira igitabu c’Ibikorwa, Tofilo yari yaramaze kuba umukirisu”.