Izina ry’Imana mu Vyanditswe vy’igiheburayo

Izina ry’Imana mu ndome z’igiheburayo ca kera cakoreshwa imbere y’uko Abisirayeli baja mu bunyagano i Babiloni

Izina ry’Imana mu giheburayo cakoreshwa Abisirayeli bamaze kuva mu bunyagano i Babiloni — Izina ry’Imana mu giheburayo cakoreshwa Abisirayeli bamaze kuva mu bunyagano

Izina ry’Imana, iryandikwa mu ndome zine z’igiheburayo יהוה, riboneka nk’incuro 7.000 mu Vyanditswe vy’igiheburayo. Izo ndome zine, izikunze kwitwa Tetaragarama, Bibiliya y’isi nshasha izihindura ngo “Yehova.” Ni ryo zina riboneka incuro nyinshi gusumba ayandi muri Bibiliya. Naho abanditsi ba Bibiliya bakoresha amazina menshi y’icubahiro mu kuvuga Imana, nka “Mushoboravyose,” “Musumbavyose” n’“Umukama,” iyo Tetaragarama ni ryo zina ryonyene ry’uruharo bakoresha mu kudondora Imana.

Yehova Imana ubwiwe yarategetse abanditsi ba Bibiliya gukoresha izina ryiwe. Nk’akarorero, yarahumekeye umuhanuzi Yoweli kwandika ati: “Umuntu wese yambaza izina rya Yehova azokira.” (Yoweli 2:32) Imana kandi yaratumye umwanditsi umwe w’amazaburi yandika ati: “Kugira bamenye yuko wewe, uwitwa Yehova ari wewe wenyene Musumbavyose kw’isi yose.” (Zaburi 83:18) Nkako, izina ry’Imana riraboneka incuro zishika 700 muri Zaburi honyene, kikaba ari igitabu kirimwo amajambo ndyoshamvugo abasavyi b’Imana baza bararirimba bongera basubiramwo. Kubera iki none izina ry’Imana ritaboneka muri Bibiliya nyinshi? Ni kubera iki Bibiliya y’isi nshasha ikoresha inyaturo “Yehova”? Vyongeye, izina ry’Imana ari ryo Yehova risobanura iki?

Izina ry’Imana riraboneka kenshi mu gitabu ca Zaburi — Uduhimba tw’igitabu ca Zaburi mu muzingo watowe ku Kiyaga c’Umunyu wo hagati mu kinjana ca mbere Inyuma ya Kristu. Ico gisomwa kiri mu ndome z’igiheburayo cakoreshwa Abisirayeli bamaze kuva mu bunyagano i Babiloni, mugabo za ndome zine ziguma zigaruka ziri mu giheburayo ca kera

Ni kubera iki iryo zina ritaboneka muri Bibiliya nyinshi? Impamvu ziratandukanye. Bamwe bavuga yuko Imana Mushoboravyose idakeneye izina yisangije ryo kuyidondora. Abandi bisa n’uko bakurikije umugenzo w’Abayuda wo kwirinda gukoresha iryo zina, kumbure batinya ko bohava barihumanya. Abandi na bo bavuga ko ari vyiza gukoresha amazina y’icubahiro, nk’“Umukama” canke “Imana” ngo kubera yuko ata n’umwe azi neza ukuntu izina ry’Imana ryaturwa. Ariko rero, ivyo vyiyumviro ntibigira ishingiro kubera imvo zikurikira:

Abavuga ko Imana Mushoboravyose idakeneye izina yisangije barirengagiza ko amakopi ya kera y’Ijambo ryayo arimwo izina ry’uruharo ry’Imana, ushizemwo n’ayazigamwe kuva imbere y’igihe ca Kristu. Nk’uko twamaze kubivuga, Imana yarategetse ko izina ryayo ryandikwa mw’Ijambo ryayo incuro zishika 7.000. Biragaragara rero ko yipfuza ko tumenya izina ryayo kandi tukarikoresha.
Abahinduzi badakoresha iryo zina kubera gukurikiza umugenzo w’Abayuda hari ikintu biyobagiza. Naho abanditsi bamwebamwe b’Abayuda banka kwatura iryo zina, ntibarikuye mu makopi yabo ya Bibiliya. Imizingo ya kera yatowe i Qoumrân hafi y’Ikiyaga c’Umunyu yarimwo izina ry’Imana incuro nyinshi. Kugira abahinduzi ba Bibiliya bamwebamwe berekane ko izina ry’Imana ryaboneka mu gisomwa co mu ntango, mu kibanza caryo bahashira izina “UMUKAMA” mu ndome nkurunkuru. Ariko ikibazo kiguma ari ca kindi: Kubera iki abo bahinduzi bihaye uburenganzira bwo gusubiriza izina ry’Imana canke kurikura muri Bibiliya kandi bemanga yuko riboneka muri Bibiliya incuro ibihumbi? Bovuga ko ari nde yabahaye ubwo burenganzira? Inyishu ni bo boyitanga.
Abavuga ko izina ry’Imana ritokoreshwa kubera ata wuzi neza ingene ryaturwa, ntibatinya na gato gukoresha izina Yezu. Ariko rero, abigishwa ba Yezu bo mu kinjana ca mbere batura izina ryiwe mu buryo butandukanye cane n’ingene abakirisu benshi baryatura muri iki gihe. Birashoboka cane ko abakirisu b’Abayuda batura izina Yezu ngo Ye·shuʹa‛, izina “Kristu” na ryo bakaryatura ngo Ma·shiʹach canke “Mesiya.” Abakirisu bavuga ikigiriki bamwita ngo I·e·ssousʹ Khri·stosʹ, abavuga ikilatini na bo bakamwita Ieʹsus Chriʹstus. Bahumekewe n’Imana, abakirisu bo mu kinjana ca mbere baranditse muri Bibiliya izina ryiwe mu kigiriki, ivyo bikaba vyerekana ko bisunga ingendo yumvikana yo gukoresha inyaturo yari imenyerewe mu rurimi rwabo. Muri ubwo buryo nyene, Komite yahinduye Bibiliya y’isi nshasha ibona ko vyumvikana gukoresha inyaturo “Yehova,” naho ukwo atari kwo ryaturwa neza na neza mu giheburayo ca kera.

Ni kubera iki Bibiliya y’isi nshasha ikoresha inyaturo “Yehova”? Mu congereza, za ndome zine zigize izina ry’Imana mu giheburayo (יהוה) zandikwa mu ndome z’indagi YHWH. Nk’uko vyari ku yandi majambo yanditswe mu giheburayo ca kera, ya Tetaragarama ntiyarimwo indome zivuga. Igihe igiheburayo ca kera caba kiriko kirakoreshwa mu mvugo ya misi yose, umusomyi yarishiriramwo ata ngorane indome zivuga.

Haciye nk’imyaka igihumbi Ivyanditswe vy’igiheburayo birangiye kwandikwa, incabwenge z’Abayuda zarashizeho uburyo bwo kwatura bugizwe n’utumenyetso dufasha kumenya indome zivuga bokoresha mu gusoma igiheburayo. Ariko rero ico gihe, Abayuda benshi bari bamaze kwishiramwo iciyumviro kirimwo ukwemera ibintazi c’uko ari bibi kuvuga izina ry’uruharo ry’Imana, ari co gituma baca bakoresha amazina arisubirira. Biboneka rero ko igihe baba bariko barimura ya Tetaragarama, baca bafata indome zivuga z’ayo mazina arisubirira bakazishira hamwe na za ndagi zine zigize izina ry’Imana. Ku bw’ivyo, ivyandiko vy’iminwe birimwo utwo tumenyetso twerekana indome zivuga ntibifasha kumenya ukuntu iryo zina ryaturwa kera mu giheburayo. Bamwe biyumvira ko iryo zina ryoba ryaturwa ngo “Yahweh,” abandi na bo bagatanga ivyiyumviro bitandukanye. Umuzingo watowe ku Kiyaga c’Umunyu urimwo igice c’igitabu c’Abalewi mu kigiriki werekana ko izina ry’Imana ryaturwa ngo Iao. Uretse iyo nyaturo, abanditsi b’ikigiriki ba kera na bo nyene berekana ko rishobora kwaturwa ngo Iae, I·a·beʹ canke I·a·ou·eʹ. Ariko rero, nta na kimwe kivyemeza. Ntituzi ingene abasavyi b’Imana ba kera batura iryo zina mu giheburayo. (Itanguriro 13:4; Kuvayo 3:15) Ico tuzi ni uko Imana yakoresha izina ryayo kenshi mu gushikiriza ubutumwa abasavyi bayo, na bo bakarikoresha mu kuyitura, be n’uko batitinya kurikoresha mu kuganira n’abandi.—Kuvayo 6:2; 1 Abami 8:23; Zaburi 99:9.

Ni kubera iki none Bibiliya y’isi nshasha ikoresha inyaturo “Yehova”? Ni kubera yuko iyo nyaturo y’izina ry’Imana imaze igihe kirekire ikoreshwa mu congereza.

Izina ry’Imana Yehova — Izina ry’Imana mw’Itanguriro 15:2 mu mpinduro ya William Tyndale ya vya bitabu bitanu bitangura Bibiliya yo mu 1530

Izina ry’uruharo ry’Imana ryakoreshejwe ari bwo bwa mbere muri Bibiliya y’icongereza mu 1530 mu mpinduro ya William Tyndale ya vya bitabu bitanu bitangura Bibiliya. Yakoresheje inyaturo “Iehouah.” Uko igihe kirengana, ururimi rw’icongereza rwagiye rurahinduka, bituma inyandiko y’izina ry’Imana ihuzwa n’igihe. Nk’akarorero, mu 1612, Henry Ainsworth yakoresheje inyaturo “Iehovah” mu gitabu cose ca Zaburi. Mu 1639 na ho, igihe ico gitabu casubirwamwo maze kigacapurwa kiri kumwe na vya bitabu bitanu bitangura Bibiliya, inyaturo “Yehova” ni yo yakoreshejwe. Mu 1901, abahinduzi basohoye Bibiliya yitwa American Standard Version bakoresheje inyaturo “Yehova” aho hose izina ry’Imana ryaboneka mu gisomwa c’igiheburayo.

Mu gusigura igituma yakoresheje inyaturo “Yehova” aho gukoresha “Yahweh” mu gitabu ciwe (Études sur les Psaumes) yasohoye mu 1911, umuhinga mu vya Bibiliya yitwa Joseph Bryant Rotherham yavuze ko yashatse gukoresha “inyaturo y’iryo zina imenyerewe (kandi yemerwa cane) n’abantu benshi basoma Bibiliya.” Mu 1930 umuhinga A. F. Kirkpatrick yashikirije iciyumviro nk’ico nyene ku vyerekeye gukoresha inyaturo “Yehova.” Yavuze ati: “Abahinga mu vy’indimburo ba none bavuga ko ryari rikwiye gusomwa ngo Yahveh canke Yahaveh; ariko biboneka ko inyaturo YEHOVA yashinze imizi cane mu rurimi rw’icongereza, kandi igihambaye vy’ukuri si ukumenya neza ingene ryaturwa, ahubwo ni ukwemera ko ari izina ry’Uruharo, atari gusa izina ry’icubahiro nka ‘Mukama.’”

Za ndome zine zigize izina ry’Imana — Za ndome zine YHWH: “Atuma bicika ukuntu”

Irivuga “gucika ukuntu” mu giheburayo — Irivuga HWH: “gucika ukuntu”

Izina Yehova risobanura iki? Mu giheburayo izina Yehova rivuye mu rivuga risobanura “gucika ukuntu” kandi abahinga batari bake babona ko riserura imero y’iryo rivuga ry’igiheburayo yo gutuma ikintu kimera ukuntu. Ku bw’ivyo, Komite yahinduye Bibiliya y’isi nshasha itahura ko izina ry’Imana risobanura ngo “Atuma bicika ukuntu.” Abahinga ntibahuza kuri ico kintu. Ni co gituma ata wokwemeza neza iyo nsobanuro. Ariko rero iyo nsobanuro irahuye neza n’uruhara Yehova arangura bwa Muremyi w’ibintu vyose akaba n’uwushitsa imigambi yiwe. Ntiyatumye habaho gusa ibintu biboneka n’ibiremwa biciye ubwenge, ariko kandi uko ibihe birengana, aratuma ivyo agomba be n’umugambi wiwe biranguka.

Ku bw’ivyo, insobanuro y’izina Yehova ntigarukira gusa ku rivuga bifitaniye isano dusanga muri Kuvayo 3:14, ahagira hati: “Nzocika ico nzocika.” Mu bisanzwe, ayo majambo ntaserura insobanuro yuzuye y’izina ry’Imana. Ahubwo ahishura umuce w’ukuntu Imana imeze, mu kwerekana ko icika ico ari co cose gikenewe kugira ishitse umugambi wayo. Naho izina Yehova ryoba ririmwo ico ciyumviro, ntirigarukira gusa ku co we ubwiwe ahitamwo gucika. Ririmwo kandi ivyo atuma biba ku bijanye n’ivyo yaremye hamwe n’iranguka ry’umugambi wiwe.