Icokwitwa “igitabu” ca Nowa hoba hari akamaro kidufitiye?

IGIHE Yezu yariko aratanga ubuhanuzi bwerekeye ikimenyetso c’ukuhaba kwiwe be n’ic’insozero y’urunkwekwe rw’ibintu, yavuze ati: “Kand’uko vyari biri mu misi ya Nowa ni ko bizoba mu kuza kw’Umwana w’umuntu” (Matayo 24:3, 37). Biribonekeza ko Yezu yabuye yuko ibiriko biraba muri iki gihe cacu bisa n’ivyo mu gihe ca Nowa. Inkuru yo kwizigirwa kandi y’ukuri y’ivyabaye mu gihe ca Nowa, irafise agaciro kanini.

Kimwe citwa “igitabu” ca Nowa coba gifise agaciro nk’ako? Coba kirimwo ibintu biranga urwandiko nyakuri ruvuga ivya kahise? Twoba koko dushobora kugenekereza igihe umwuzure wabereyeko?

Umwuzure wabaye ryari?

Bibiliya iratanga amakuru avuga ukuntu ibintu vyagiye birakurikirana atuma umuntu aharura yitonze, akamanuka gushika ku ntango y’ukubaho kw’abantu. Mw’​Itanguriro 5:1-29 tuhasanga ukuntu abantu bagiye barakurikirana kuva kw’iremwa rya wa muntu wa mbere Adamu, gushika kw’ivuka rya Nowa. Umwuzure watanguye “mu mwaka ugira amajana atandatu Nowa abayeho”.​—Itanguriro 7:11.

Kugira tugenekereze igihe umwuzure wabereyeko, turakeneye guhera kw’igenekerezo rizwi neza. Ni ukuvuga ko dutegerezwa guhera kw’igenekerezo ryemerwa n’inkuru za kahise zo mw’isi kandi rihuje n’ikintu kidasanzwe cabaye canditswe muri Bibiliya. Duhereye kw’igenekerezo nk’iryo, turashobora guharura maze tugatora igenekerezo umwuzure wabereyeko rishingiye ku kirangamisi catangujwe n’uwitwa Geregori gikunda gukoreshwa muri iki gihe.

Igenekerezo rimwe rizwi cane ni umwaka w’539 B.G.C., ukaba ari umwaka umwami w’Umuperesi Kuro yigarurira Babiloni. Mu masôko yo mw’isi avuga igihe c’ingoma yiwe, harimwo ibisate vy’amabuye vy’Abanyababiloni be n’ivyandiko vya Diodore, Africanus, Eusèbe na Ptolémée. Bivuye kw’itegeko ryasohowe na Kuro, amasigarira y’Abayuda baravuye i Babiloni hanyuma bashika mu gihugu cabo c’amavukiro mu 537 B.G.C. Ivyo vyaranze ukurangira kw’imyaka 70 Ubuyuda bwari bumaze ari umusaka, nk’uko inkuru yo muri Bibiliya ibivuga, ikaba yari yatanguye mu 607 B.G.C. Turimbuye ikiringo c’abacamanza be n’ikiringo Isirayeli yamaze itwarwa n’abami, turashobora kubona yuko Abisirayeli bavuye mu Misiri mu mwaka w’1513 B.G.C. Duhereye kuri uwo mwaka, tugaharura dusubira inyuma iyindi myaka 430, urukurikirane rw’ivyabaye rushingiye kuri Bibiliya rudushikana ku mwaka Aburahamu yagiranye isezerano n’Imana mu 1943 B.G.C. Ubukurikira, dukwiye kurimbura igihe Tera, Nahori, Serugi, Reyu, Pelegi, Eberi na Shela bavukiyeko be n’imyaka bamaze, ushizemwo na Arupakisadi, uwavutse “wa mwuzure umaze imyaka ibiri uhavuye” (Itanguriro 11:10-32). Gutyo, turashobora kubona yuko umwuzure watanguye mu mwaka w’2370 B.G.C.a

Igihe imvura y’umwuzure yatanguriyeko

Imbere y’uko dusubira kwihweza ivyabaye mu gihe ca Nowa, ubona gute usomye Itanguriro, ikigabane c’⁠7 umurongo wa 11 gushika ku kigabane c’⁠8 umurongo wa 4. Ku vyerekeye iyo mvura nyinshi, tubwirwa ibi: “Mu mwaka ugira amajana atandatu Nowa abayeho [mu 2370 B.G.C.], mu kwezi kwa kabiri, ku musi wakwo w’icumi n’indwi, amasōko yose y’i kuzimu arapumuka, ingomero zo mw ijuru zose ziragomororwa”.​—Itanguriro 7:11.

Nowa yagabuye umwaka mu mezi 12, kumwekumwe kwose kukaba kwari kugizwe n’imisi 30. Mu bihe vya kera, ukwezi kwa mbere kwatangura nko hagati na hagati y’ukwezi kwa Nyakanga kw’ikirangamisi cacu. Imvura y’umwuzure yatanguye kugwa “mu kwezi kwa kabiri, ku musi wakwo w’icumi n’indwi”, ibandanya kugwa imisi 40 n’amajoro 40 mu kwezi kwa Munyonyo n’ukwa Kigarama mu mwaka w’2370 B.G.C.

Ku bijanye n’umwuzure, tumenyeshwa kandi ibi: “Amazi amara imisi ijana na mirongwitanu yīganziye kw isi. . . . Amazi agenda ahōka kw isi ubudasiba: ya misi ijana na mirongwitanu ishize, amazi atangura kugeruka. Mu kwezi kw’indwi, ku musi wakwo w’icumi n’indwi, bga bgato buhagarara ku misozi yo muri Ararati” (Itanguriro 7:24–8:4). Gutyo, kuva igihe amazi yarengera isi gushitsa igihe yakama, haciye imisi 150 ari yo mezi atanu. Ubwato rero bwahagaze ku misozi yo muri Ararati muri Ndamukiza kwo mu mwaka w’2369 B.G.C.

Ubu na ho, ubona wosoma Itanguriro 8:5-17? Udutwe tw’imisozi twagiye kuboneka inyuma y’amezi nk’abiri n’igice (ni ukuvuga imisi 73), hakaba hari “mu kwezi kw’icumi [ni ukuvuga Ruheshi], ku musi wakwo wa mbere” (Itanguriro 8:5)b. Haciye amezi atatu (ni ukuvuga imisi 90), “mu mwaka [wa Nowa ugira] amajana atandatu na rimwe, mu kwezi kwa mbere, ku musi wakwo wa mbere”, ni ukuvuga hagati na hagati muri Nyakanga mu 2369 B.G.C., Nowa yarakuyeho icari gisakaye ubwato. Ico gihe yarashoboye kwitegereza abona “isi yūmūtse” (Itanguriro 8:13). Hashize ukwezi kumwe n’imisi 27 (ni ukuvuga imisi 57), “mu kwezi kwa kabiri, ku musi wakwo wa mirongwibiri n’indwi [ni ukuvuga hagati na hagati muri Munyonyo mu 2369 B.G.C.], isi irūma”. Nowa n’umuryango wiwe ico gihe baciye bava mu bwato baza kw’isi yumye. Gutyo, Nowa n’abo bari kumwe bamaze mu bwato umwaka uharuriwe ku mboneko z’ukwezi n’imisi cumi (ni ukuvuga imisi 370).​—Itanguriro 8:14.

Izo nkuru zitomoye zanditswe, zivuga ibintu vyabaye, amakuru y’ido n’ido be n’igihe, zerekana iki? Nta kindi zerekana atari iki kintu: umumenyeshakazoza w’Umuheburayo Musa, uwo biboneka ko yashingiye igitabu c’Itanguriro ku makuru yari yararonse, yariko ashikiriza ibintu vyabaye koko, atari ibitito. Umwuzure rero uri n’ikintu kinini uvuze kuri twebwe muri iki gihe.

Abandi banditsi ba Bibiliya babona gute umwuzure?

Uretse inkuru zo mw’⁠Itanguriro, hariho ahandi hantu henshi muri Bibiliya havuga Nowa canke umwuzure. Nk’akarorero:

(1) Wa mushakashatsi Ezira yarashizemwo Nowa n’abahungu biwe (ari bo Shemu, Hamu na Yafeti) mu rukurikirane rw’abagize ihanga rya Isirayeli.​—1 Ngoma 1:4-17.

(2) Wa muganga akaba n’umwanditsi w’Injili Luka, arashiramwo Nowa igihe agira urutonde rwa ba sekuruza ba Yezu Kirisitu.​—Luka 3:36.

(3) Intumwa Petero aravuga cane inkuru y’umwuzure mu vyo yandikiye abakirisu bagenziwe.​—2 Petero 2:5; 3:5, 6.

(4) Intumwa Paulo aravuga ivyerekeye ukwizera gukomeye Nowa yagaragaje mu kwubaka ubwato abo mu nzu yiwe borokokeyemwo.​—Abaheburayo 11:7.

Hoba hari amakenga na makeyi yohaba yuko abo banditsi ba Bibiliya bahumekewe boba baremera inkuru yo mw’⁠Itanguriro ivuga umwuzure? Nta nkeka ko iyo nkuru bayifata ko ari ikintu cabaye koko.

Yezu be n’umwuzure

Yezu Kirisitu yariho imbere y’uko aba umuntu nkatwe (Imigani 8:30, 31). Yari ikiremwa c’impwemu mw’ijuru mu gihe c’umwuzure. Bwa cabona yavyiboneye, Yezu rero araduha icemeza co mu Vyanditswe gihambaye kurusha ibindi cerekeye Nowa be n’umwuzure. Yavuze ati: “Kand’uko vyari biri mu misi ya Nowa ni ko bizoba mu kuza kw’Umwana w’umuntu. Kukw ari ko bāri bameze mu misi umwuzure utaribgatere: bārarya, bāranywa, bārarongora, bārashingira, bageza kuri wa musi Nowa yinjiye muri bga bgato, ntibagira ico bamenya kugeza ah’umwuzure waziye ubatwara bose; ni k’ukuza kw’Umwana w’umuntu kuzomera”.​—Matayo 24:37-39.

Yezu yoba yari gukoresha ibitito kugira atugabishe ku vyerekeye iherezo ry’urunkwekwe rw’ibintu? Eka da! Turizigiye tudakeka yuko yakoresheje akarorero nyakuri kerekeye urubanza Imana yashikije ku babisha. Egome, abantu benshi barahasize ubuzima, mugabo turashobora gukura impumurizo ku kumenya yuko Nowa n’umuryango wiwe barokotse umwuzure.

“Imisi ya Nowa” irafise ikintu kinini ivuze ku bantu babayeho ubu, mu gihe c’‘ukuhaba kw’Umwana w’umuntu’ Yezu Kirisitu. Uko dusoma inkuru y’ido n’ido yerekeye umwuzure wabaye ku mubumbe wose yazigamwe mu vyagiye birandikwa na Nowa, turashobora kudakeka yuko ari urwandiko nyakuri ruvuga ivya kahise. N’inkuru yahumetswe n’Imana iri mu gitabu c’Itanguriro ivuga ivy’umwuzure, irafise ikintu kinini ivuze kuri twebwe. Nk’uko nyene Nowa, abahungu biwe be n’abagore babo bizeye uburyo Imana yacishijeko mu kubarokora, na twebwe muri iki gihe turashobora gukingirwa na Yehova twishimikije ukwizera inkuka y’incungu ya Yezu (Matayo 20:28). Vyongeye, turashobora kugira icizigiro co kuzoba mu bazorokoka nk’uko ca “gitabu” ca Nowa c’amakuru y’ivyabaye cerekana yuko we n’umuryango wiwe barokotse umwuzure waherengeteje isi itubaha Imana y’ico gihe.

[Utujambo tw’epfo]

[Uruzitiro ku rup. 5]

Boba bararamvye bigeze iyo hose?

“IMISI yose Nowa yamaze yabaye imyaka amajana cenda na mirongwitanu: araheza arapfa”, ukwo ni ko Bibiliya ivuga (Itanguriro 9:29). Sekuru wa Nowa ari we Metusela yamaze imyaka 969, akaba ari we muntu yaramvye kuruta abandi bantu bose. Amaruka agera kw’icumi yabayeho uhereye kuri Adamu ugashitsa kuri Nowa, yamara incahagati y’imyaka irenga 850 (Itanguriro 5:5-31). Abantu bo muri ico gihe boba bararamba bigeze iyo hose?

Umugambi Imana yari ifise mu ntango wari uw’uko umuntu abaho ibihe bidahera. Wa muntu wa mbere Adamu yari yaremwe ngo abeho ibihe bidahera aramutse agamburukiye Imana (Itanguriro 2:15-17). Mugabo Adamu ntiyagamburutse, maze aritesha ako karyo. Hashize imyaka 930, iyo yamaze agenda arayama buhorobuhoro yerekeza ku rupfu, Adamu yasubiye mu mukungugu yari yarakuwemwo (Itanguriro 3:19; 5:5). Uwo muntu wa mbere yaciye araga icaha n’urupfu uruvyaro rwiwe rwose.​—Abaroma 5:12.

Naho ari ukwo, abantu babayeho muri ico gihe bari begereje cane ukutagira agasembwa Adamu yari afise mu ntango, kandi biboneka ko ari yo mvo yatuma baramba cane kuruta abagiye baravuka mu nyuma. Ku bw’ivyo, imyaka umuntu yamara yaregereza igihumbi imbere y’umwuzure, inyuma yawo, ica irakoroka cane. Nk’akarorero, Aburahamu yabayeho imyaka 175 gusa (Itanguriro 25:7). Kandi haciye nk’imyaka 400 uwo sokuruza w’umwizerwa abayeho, umumenyeshakazoza Musa yanditse ati: “Imisi y’imyaka yacu n’imyaka mirongwirindwi, canke naho, kubg’intege nyinshi, yoshika kuri mirongumunani, yamar’ivyiratwa vyayo n’ubutame n’umubabaro” (Zaburi 90:10). No muri iki gihe, ibintu vyifashe gutyo nyene.

[Igicapo/Amafoto ku rup. 6, 7]

Uharuye usubira inyuma kuva kw’itegeko ryasohowe na Kuro ryarekurira Abayuda gutahuka bavuye mu bunyagano gushika ku mwuzure wo mu gihe ca Nowa

537 Itegeko ryasohowe na Kuroc

539 Babiloni hatembagazwa na Kuro Umuperesi

Imyaka 68

607 Intango y’imyaka 70 Ubuyuda bwamaze ari umusaka

1513 Abisirayeli bava mu Misiri

Imyaka 430 Ikiringo c’imyaka 430 Abisirayeli bamaze bari mu Misiri n’i Kanani (Kuvayo 12:40, 41)

1943 Ukwemeza isezerano rya Aburahamu

Imyaka 205

2148 Ivuka rya Tera

Imyaka 222

2370 Intango y’umwuzure

[Akajambo k’epfo]