Umwaka muri ‘ca gihugu ciza’

MU MWAKA wa 1908 hari ikintu gishimishije cubuwe mu kibanza kimwe kiri mu gisagara kivugwa muri Bibiliya citwa Gezeri, kino kikaba kiri hafi y’ikiyaya co ku nkengera y’ikiyaga co mu Burengero bwa Yeruzalemu. Ico kintu cubuwe ni igisate gitoya c’ibuye kibase gishishimweko ivyandiko, bikaba vyiyumvirwa ko ari ico mu kinjana c’icumi B.G.C. Abantu bagisanzeko amajambo biyumvira ko yerekana muri make ibijanye n’umwaka w’uburimyi be n’ibikorwa bitandukanye vyakorwa muri wo, akaba yari yanditswe mu nyandiko ya kera y’igiheburayo. Ico gisate cahavuye citwa Ikirangamisi c’i Gezeri.

Umukono uri kuri nya gisate, ni izina Abiya. Naho atari abacukuzi b’ivya kera bose bavyemera, benshi babona ko ivyo bintu biri kuri ico gisate vyanditswe n’agahungu k’akanyeshure kariko karagira umwimenyerezo, kakaba kavyanditse mu buryo ndyoshamvugoa. Woba wipfuza kubona ingene ibihe vy’umwaka vyagenda birakurikirana ubifashijwemwo n’agahungu kabayeho muri ico gihe? Kubigira vyoshobora kugufasha kwibuka ibintu bimwebimwe vyabaye bivugwa muri Bibiliya.

Amezi abiri yo gushwabura

Uwanditse ico kirangamisi ca kera yatanguriye ku kwandika ibijanye n’ishwabura ryagirwa n’abantu nka bose. Naho kuri ico kirangamisi ishwabura ari ryo riza ubwa mbere, urashobora gutahura igituma Abisirayeli babona ko iryo shwabura cari igihe c’agaheta canke ca nyuma c’ikiringo kinini c’umwaka w’uburimyi. Ukwezi kwa Etanimu (ukwahavuye kwitwa Tishiri) guhuye n’igice ca nyuma ca Nyakanga be n’igice ca mbere ca Gitugutu ku kirangamisi co muri kino gihe. Bamaze kwimbura ibitari bike, caba ari igihe canecane giteye umunezero, ico na Abiya uwari akiri muto ashobora kuba yaragiramwo uruhara. Iyumvire umunezero yagira igihe yaba ariko arafasha se wiwe kwubaka urusago bobayemwo mu kiringo c’indwi imwe bamara bashimira Yehova banezerewe kubera ivyimburwa baba bimbuye mu mirima yabo!​—Gusubira mu vyagezwe 16:13-15.

Muri ico gihe, abo mu muryango wa Abiya baba biteguriye kwimbura imyelayo, ukwo kwimbura kukaba kwagirwa mu guhungurura iyamye ku mashami, ico kikaba cari igikorwa gishobora kuba kitorohera na gato Abiya uwari akiri muto ariko akaba yararyoherwa cane no kuraba ingene gikorwa (Gusubira mu vyagezwe 24:20). Baraheza bakegeranya iyo myelayo maze bakayijana ku rusyo rwaba ruri hafi kugira ngo bayihinguremwo amavuta. Canke na ho umuryango munaka warashobora kuronka amavuta ukoresheje uburyo bworoshe kuruta ari bwo bwo gushira mu mazi imyelayo baba bakubise canke basataguye, maze bakayora amavuta yaba yiretse kuri ayo mazi. Ayo mavuta y’agaciro yarakora n’ibindi uretse ukuyafungura. Yarakoreshwa kandi mu matara canke mu kuvura aho umuntu yaba yakungaguritse kibure yakomeretse, nk’igihe vyaba bishikiye agahungu gato nka Abiya kariko karakina.

Amezi abiri yo kubiba

Igihe imvura y’agatasi yaba itanguye kugwa, Abiya ashobora kuba yararyoherwa no kwumva utunyanyaga dupfutse tumugwako. Bishoboka ko se wiwe yoba yaramubwiye ukuntu imvura ari ngirakamaro ku gihugu cabo (Gusubira mu vyagezwe 11:14). Isi-ndimwa, iyaba yaturagajwe n’uruzuba amezi n’amezi, yaroroha ku buryo yashobora kurimwa. Umurimyi wa kera, abigiranye ubuhanga yaratumbereza neza urubaho rwakoreshwa mu kurima, kumbure urwaba rufise icuma ku mpera, mu gihe ibitungwa vyaba biriko birarukwega. Ico yaba arondera kwari uguca imirongo igororotse neza yo guteragiramwo. Itongo ryari n’agaciro kanini ku buryo abarimyi b’Abisirayeli n’ahantu hato batareka kuharima, bakarima no ku nkike z’imisozi. Ariko mu kurima kuri izo nkike bategerezwa kurimisha amasuka bakoresheje amaboko.

Igihe ya si-ndimwa yoroshe yaba imaze kurimwa, ingano na sayiri vyarashobora kubibwa. Biri n’ico bivuze kubona ikiringo gikurikira ku Kirangamisi c’i Gezeri cerekeza ku mezi abiri ya mwene iryo biba. Umubivyi ashobora kuba yatwara imbuto azitekeye mu mpuzu yambaye maze akaza arazimija irya n’ino.

Amezi abiri y’itera rya nyuma

“Igihugu ciza” nticigera kireka kwimbuka ibifungurwa (Gusubira mu vyagezwe 3:25). Muri Kigarama, imvura yaragwa ku rugero runini maze igihugu kigatotahara. Cari igihe c’itera rya nyuma ry’ibiterwa bigira imihanyu, nk’ubwishaza be n’ibindi bimeze nka bwo hamwe n’izindi nsoromano (Amosi 7:1, 2). Kuri ca gisate, ico kiringo Abiya yacise “uburagiriro bwo mu mpeshi” canke nk’uko iyindi mpinduro ibivuga “itera rya nyuma”, kikaba cari igihe imfungurwa zinovera zigizwe n’insoromano zitandukanye zaboneka muri ico gihe, zari rya nawe.

Uko igihe c’umwaka caba gikanye bukebuke cagenda kirashuha, igiti ca shakedi, icabura impeshi, cashurika amashurwe yera be n’ayasa n’umuyugubwe. Iryo shurika ryatangura ubushuhe butaraba bwinshi nko mu ntango z’ukwezi kwa Nzero.​—Yeremiya 1:11, 12.

Ukwezi kumwe kwo gukata pishita

Ubukurikira Abiya yavuze ibijanye na pishita. Ivyo vyoshobora kukwibutsa ikintu cabaye ibinjana n’ibindi imbere y’igihe ca Abiya, kikaba cabereye mu Buseruko bw’imirambi y’Ubuyuda. Mu gisagara c’i Yeriko, Rahabu yaranyegeje abatasi babiri mu kubarenzako “ibiti vya pishita bitaribgakūbgekw inyuzi”, ivyo yari yanikiye ku nzu yiwe (Yosuwa 2:6). Pishita zari zifise akamaro kanini mu buzima bw’Abisirayeli. Kugira ngo haboneke inyuzi za pishita, ico giti categerezwa kubanza kubora. Ivyo vyarashobora kuba buhorobuhoro bivuye ku rume canke na ho mu buryo bwihuta mu gihe baba bagishize mu kidengeri kinaka canke mu mugezi munaka. Izo nyuzi zimaze kuboneka, zaca zikoreshwa mu guhingura ibitambara vyiza, ivyo baheza bagakoramwo ibitambara vyo gushira ku mato, amahema be n’impuzu zo kwambara. Pishita kandi yarahingurwamwo intambi z’amatara.

Abantu bamwebamwe ntibemera iciyumviro c’uko pishita yashobora kuba mu karere k’i Gezeri, aho bisa n’uko amazi ataboneka cane. Abandi na bo bavuga ko pishita yarimwa gusa mu mpera z’umwaka. Ni co gituma hari abiyumvira yuko ku Kirangamisi c’i Gezeri ijambo “pishita” ryari icitiranwa c’“ivyatsi” vy’ibitungwa.

Ukwezi kumwe kwo kwimbura sayiri

Uko umwaka utashe, mu kiringo cegereye impeshi aho ijoro n’umurango biba bingana, Abiya yarabona imishishi ya sayiri ikiri mitoto, ico kikaba ari igiterwa yavuze ubukurikira kuri ca kirangamisi ciwe. Ukwezi kwo mu giheburayo guhura n’ico kiringo ni Abibu, bisobanura ngo “Imishishi mitoto”, iyo nsobanuro ikaba kumbure yerekeza ku gihe imishishi yaba yeze mugabo icoroshe. Yehova yategetse ati: “Ukwezi kwa Abibu muze mwame mukugira gukuru, mwitondere ivya pasika y’Uhoraho” (Gusubira mu vyagezwe 16:1). Ukwezi kwa Abibu (ukwahavuye kwitwa Nisani) muri kino gihe guhuye n’igice ca nyuma ca Ntwarante be n’igice ca mbere ca Ndamukiza. Igihe c’iyera rya sayiri gishobora kuba carafasha mu vyo kugenekereza intango y’ukwo kwezi. No muri kino gihe, Abayuda b’Abakarayite bafatira kw’iyera rya sayiri mu gushinga intango y’umwaka wabo mushasha. Imishuzo ya sayiri rero yategerezwa kuzungurizwa imbere ya Yehova ku musi ugira 16 w’ukwezi kwa Abibu.​—Abalewi 23:10, 11.

Sayiri yari ifise ikibanza gihambaye mu buzima bwa misi yose bw’Abisirayeli nka bose. Kubera yuko sayiri yari izimbutse kuruta ingano, ni yo yakunda gukoreshwa mu gucumba udutsima, ikaba yakundwa canecane n’abakene.​—Ezekiyeli 4:12.

Ukwezi kumwe kwo kwimbura no kugera

Usubiye kwiyumvira ivyo mu gihe ca Abiya, urashobora kwiha ishusho igihe kimwe mu gitondo ca kare Abiya abonye ibicu vy’imvura bitanguye kugenda biragabanuka. Hari hagiye guca igihe ata mvura igwa. Muri ico gihe ibiterwa vyo mu gihugu ciza vyokujijwe n’urume (Itanguriro 27:28; Zekariya 8:12). Abarimyi b’Abisirayeli bari bazi ko ivyimburwa vyinshi baba bimbuye mu kiringo c’umwaka aho izuba ryaba ryaka cane, vyaba bikeneye akayaga kari ku rugero rubereye gushika ku gihe ca Pentekote. Umuyaga ukanye wahuhuta uva mu Buraruko ushobora kuba waragirira akamaro ibirimwa vy’intete vyaba biriko birakura, yamara ukagirira nabi ibiti vy’ivyamwa mu gihe vyaba bishuritse. Umuyaga ushushe, uwahuhuta uva mu Bumanuko, waratuma amashurwe ashuritse yiyugurura maze akabona kwima biciye ku dukoko canke ku muyaga.​—Imigani 25:23; Indirimbo ya Salomo 4:16.

Yehova, we agaba ibihe, yarashinze urutonde rwiza utoraba mu bidukikije. Mu gihe ca Abiya, Isirayeli vy’ukuri yari “igihugu kibamw’ingano na sayiri n’imizabibu n’imisukoni n’amakomamanga; n’igihugu kibamw’imyelayo n’ubūki” (Gusubira mu vyagezwe 8:8). Sekuru wa Abiya ashobora kuba yaramubwiye ibijanye n’igihe kidasanzwe c’agahimbo cabaye ku ngoma ya wa Mwami w’inkerebutsi Salomo, ico kikaba cari ikimenyamenya gitomoye c’umuhezagiro wa Yehova.​—1 Abami 4:20.

Hamaze kuvugwa ivy’iyimbura, kuri ico kirangamisi haca haza ijambo abantu bamwebamwe biyumvira ko risobanura “kugera”. Ivyo bishobora kuba vyerekeza ku kugera umwimbu kugira ngo haboneke umugabane wa ba nyene imirima be n’uw’abakozi, canke mbere uwo gutangako ikori. Ariko rero, abandi bantu b’incabwenge babona ko iryo jambo ry’igiheburayo risobanura “umusi mukuru” kandi bakabona ko ryoba rifitaniye isano n’Umusi mukuru w’Amayinga waba mu kwezi kwa Sivani (guhura n’igice ca nyuma ca Rusama be n’igice ca mbere ca Ruheshi).​—Kuvayo 34:22.

Amezi abiri yo gututura

Ubukurikira Abiya yanditse ibijanye n’amezi abiri yo kwitwararika imizabibu. Birashoboka ko Abiya yoba yarafashije mu vyo gututurira imizabibu kugira ngo izuba rishikire inzabibu (Yesaya 18:5). Mu nyuma haca hakurikira igihe co kwegeranya inzabibu, kino kikaba cari ikiringo giteye umunezero cane ku wukiri muto wo muri ico gihe. Urazi ukuntu inzabibu zera ubwa mbere zaba zinovera! Bishoboka yuko Abiya yari yarumvise ivyerekeye ba batasi 12 barungikwa na Musa muri ca Gihugu c’Isezerano. Igihe baja kuraba ingene ico gihugu ari ciza, hari mu gihe inzabibu za mbere zari zeze. Ico gihe, umusoko umwe w’inzabibu wari munini ku buryo vyasavye ko utwarwa n’abagabo babiri!​—Guharūra 13:20, 23.

Ukwezi kumwe kw’ivyamwa vyo mu ci

Ikiringo ca nyuma co ku kirangamisi ca Abiya cerekeza ku vyamwa vyo mu ci. Mu karere ka kera k’ibihugu vy’Abarabu, ici cari ikiringo co mu mwaka w’uburimyi cabonekamwo cane ivyamwa. Inyuma y’igihe ca Abiya, Yehova yarakoresheje imvugo ngo “igisimbo c’ivyamwa vyo mu ci” mu kwerekana ko ‘iherezo ryari rishitse ku basavyi biwe b’Abisirayeli’, abivuga mu gusanisha amajambo “ivyamwa vyo mu ci” be n’ijambo “umuhero”, mu giheburayo (Amosi 8:2, NW). Ivyo vyari bikwiye kwibutsa Abisirayeli b’ibihemu yuko umuhero wabo wari ushitse be n’uko urubanza rwa Yehova rwategerezwa gushitswa. Birashoboka ko insukoni zari mu vyamwa vyo mu ci Abiya yariko aravuga. Insukoni zo mu ci zarashobora kubumbabumbwamwo udutsima two gufungura canke utwo kuvura ibivyimba.​—2 Abami 20:7.

Ikirangamisi c’i Gezeri na wewe

Birashoboka ko Abiya uwari akiri muto yagize uruhara mu bikorwa vy’uburimyi vyo mu gihugu yabamwo. Ibikorwa vy’uburimyi vyarakorwa n’Abisirayeli benshi bo muri ico gihe. Naho utoba umenyereye ibikorwa bijanye n’uburimyi, ivyanditse kuri ca gisate catorwa i Gezeri birashobora kugufasha kubona mu bwenge ivyo usoma muri Bibiliya, ukarushiriza kubitahura kandi bikagira ico bivuze kuri wewe.

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IMPINDURO YOBA IJANYE N’IVYANDITSWE KU KIRANGAMISI C’I GEZERI:

“Amezi yo kwimbura inzabibu n’imyelayo;

amezi yo kubiba;

amezi y’uburagiriro bwo ku mpeshi;

ukwezi kwo kurandagura pishita;

ukwezi kwo kwimbura sayiri;

ukwezi kwo kwimbura ingano no kugera;

amezi yo gututura;

ukwezi kw’ivyamwa vyo mu ci”.

[vyanditswe na:] Abiyab

[Akajambo k’epfo]

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Archaeological Museum of Istanbul

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(Ushaka igisomwa cose, raba ico gitabu)

NISANI (ABIBU)

Ntwarante​—Ndamukiza

IYARI (ZIVU)

Ndamukiza​—Rusama

SIVANI

Rusama​—Ruheshi

TAMUZI

Ruheshi​—Mukakaro

ABI

Mukakaro​—Myandagaro

ELULI

Myandagaro​—Nyakanga

TISHIRI (ETANIMU)

Nyakanga​—Gitugutu

HESHAVANI (BULU)

Gitugutu​—Munyonyo

KISILEVU

Munyonyo​—Kigarama

TEBETI

Kigarama​—Nzero

SHEBATI

Nzero​—Ruhuhuma

ADARI

Ruhuhuma​—Ntwarante

VEDARI

​—Ntwarante

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Umurimyi: Garo Nalbandian

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Ivyacukuwe i Gezeri

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© 2003 BiblePlaces.com

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Igiti ca shakedi

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Igiterwa ca pishita

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Dr. David Darom

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Sayiri

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U.S. Department of Agriculture