Lefèvre d’Étaples yaripfuza ko ba nyarucari bamenya ijambo ry’Imana

HARI ku wa mungu mu gitondo, inyuma gatoyi y’umwaka wa 1520. Abanyagihugu bo mu gasagara kitwa Meaux kari hafi y’i Paris mu Bufaransa, baratangajwe n’ikintu bumvise mw’isengero. Bari bumvise Injili zisomwa mu rurimi rwabo kavukire rw’igifaransa, aho gusomwa mu kilatini.

Umugabo yari yashize Bibiliya mu rurimi rwabo, yari uwitwa Jacques Lefèvre d’Étaples (mu kilatini akaba ari Jacobus Faber Stapulensis). Yahavuye yandikira umugenzi wiwe somambike ati: “Biratangaje kubona ukuntu mu mihingo imwimwe, Imana iriko iratuma amasinzi [y’abantu] basanzwe yakira Ijambo ryayo.”

Ico gihe, Ekleziya Gatolika hamwe n’abanyatewolojiya b’i Paris ntiberekwa ivyo gukoresha amabibiliya yo mu ndimi zavugwa n’abantu basanzwe. None ni igiki catumye Lefèvre ashira Bibiliya mu gifaransa? Vyongeye, yabigenjeje gute kugira ngo afashe ba nyarucari gutahura Ijambo ry’Imana?

YARARONDERA INSOBANURO NYAYO Y’IVYANDITSWE

Imbere yo kuba umuhinduzi wa Bibiliya, Lefèvre yari yiyemeje kumenya insobanuro yo kw’itsitso y’amajambo yo mu bitabu vya kera, bijanye na filozofiya be na tewolojiya. Yahavuye abona ko mu binjana n’ibindi, ibisomwa vya kera vyagiye bihindurwa mu buryo bugoretse kandi burimwo amakosa. Kugira ngo atahure insobanuro y’ivyandikano vya kera, yaciye atangura kwiga yitonze Bibiliya y’abagatolika yo mu kilatini yitwa vulgate.

Kuba Lefèvre yarize Ivyanditswe abigiranye ubwira vyatumye atahura ko “kwiga ukuri kwerekeye Imana ari vyo vyonyene . . . bishikana ku buhirwe ntangere.” Ku bw’ivyo, yaciye aheba kwiga filozofiya maze yihebera igikorwa co guhindura Bibiliya.

Mu 1509, yarasohoye igitabu c’ubushakashatsi yagize, aho yageranije Bibiliya 5 z’ikilatini zahinduye igitabu c’amazaburi,a ushizemwo n’igisomwa ciwe gikosoye ca ya Bibiliya Vulgate. Lefèvre yari atandukanye n’abanyatewolojiya bo muri ico gihe, kuko wewe yihatira kumenya “insobanuro nyayo” y’imirongo yo muri Bibiliya. Ubwo buryo bwiwe bwo gusigura Ivyanditswe bwarafashije cane abandi bahinga mu vya Bibiliya be n’abaharaniye amahinduka muri Ekleziya.​—Raba uruzitiro ruvuga ngo “Ingene Lefèvre yafashije Martin Luther.”

Kubera ko Lefèvre yari yavukiye muri gatolika, yarabona neza ko ikintu conyene coshoboye gutuma haba amahinduka mu vy’idini, ari uko ba nyarucari bigishwa neza Ivyanditswe. Ariko none abo bantu basanzwe bomenye gute Ivyanditswe vyeranda kandi nka vyose vyari mu kilatini?

INGENE BIBILIYA YASHIKIRIYE ABANTU BOSE

Kubera ko Lefèvre yakunda cane Ijambo ry’Imana, yarakoze uko ashoboye kwose kugira ngo rishikire abantu benshi bashoboka. Kugira ngo abishikeko, muri Ruheshi 1523, yarasohoye Injili yahinduye mu gifaransa, azisohora mu dutabu tubiri dutoduto. Kubera ko utwo tubibiliya twari dutoduto, tukaba twagurwa ica kabiri c’amahera yagura Bibiliya isanzwe, vyaratumye abakene bashobora kuronka Bibiliya bitagoranye.

Abantu basanzwe ntibatevye kwerekana ko banezerejwe cane n’iyo Bibiliya. Baba abagore canke abagabo, bose bari bashashaye gusoma amajambo ya Yezu mu rurimi bonse, ku buryo inyuma y’amezi makeyi, Bibiliya 1.200 zatanguye gucapurwa zose zari zaheze.

INGENE YARWANIYE BIBILIYA ATA BWOBA

Mu ntangamarara ya za Njili, Lefèvre yarasiguye ko yazihinduye mu gifaransa kugira ngo “abayoboke basanzwe” ba Ekleziya “bashobore gutahura ukuri kwerekeye inkuru nziza cokimwe n’abayisoma mu kilatini.” Ariko none, ni kubera iki Lefèvre yihatiye cane gufasha ba nyarucari kumenya ivyo Bibiliya yigisha?

Lefèvre yari azi neza ukuntu inyigisho z’abantu be n’amafilozofiya vyari vyarononye Ekleziya Gatolika. (Mariko 7:7; Abakolosayi 2:8) Vyongeye, yarabona ko hari hageze yuko Injili “zitangazwa mw’isi yose zityoroye, gutyo abantu ntibabe bakizimizwa n’inyigisho abantu bari baradukanye.”

Vyongeye, Lefèvre yarihatiye gushira ku kabarore ivyiyumviro bibi vy’abarwanya ko Bibiliya ihindurwa mu gifaransa. Yarashize ahabona uburyarya bwabo mu kuvuga ati: “None bashobora gute kwigisha [abantu] kwitondera ivyo Yezu Kristu yategetse vyose, kandi badashaka namba yuko abantu basanzwe bobona canke bosoma Injili y’Imana mu rurimi rwabo?”​—Abaroma 10:14.

Ntibitangaje kubona abanyatewolojiya bo kuri kaminuza y’i Sorbonne mu gisagara ca Paris, baciye bagerageza kumunumya. Muri Myandagaro 1523, bariyamirije ivyo gushira Bibiliya mu rurimi kavukire be no kugira ico bayivuzeko, kuko babona ko “bibangamira Ekleziya.” Iyo Umwami Francis wa mbere w’Ubufaransa atahaseruka, Lefèvre aba yarishwe yagirizwa ko ari umuhakanyi.

INGENE YASOZEREYE IGIKORWA CIWE

Lefèvre yarashishikaye igikorwa co guhindura Bibiliya, ntiyemera gusamazwa n’abamurwanya. Mu 1524, amaze guhindura Bibiliya y’Ivyanditswe vy’ikigiriki, (iyo bamwe bita Isezerano rishasha), yarasohoye igitabu ca Zaburi mu gifaransa, kugira ngo afashe abantu “kurushiriza kwiyegereza Imana babikuye ku mutima.”

Ba banyatewolojiya baciye basuzuma bitonze iyo Bibiliya y’Ivyanditswe vy’ikigiriki Lefèvre yari yasohoye. Baciye bategeka ko iturirwa ku mugaragaro, bongera bariyamiriza n’ibindi vyandikano bimwebimwe bavuga ko “bishigikira ubuhakanyi bwa Luther.” Igihe abo banyatewolojiya bamutumako ngo yisigure, yarabihojeje, aca ahungira i Strasbourg. Ashitseyo, yarabandanije guhindura Bibiliya mu mpisho. Naho bamwe biyumviriye ko yahunze kubera yuko yabuze umutima rugabo, wewe yabona ko yari yo nyishu nziza yari akwiye guha abatubaha ukuri kwo muri Bibiliya, ukugereranywa n’“imaragarita” y’agaciro kanini.​—Matayo 7:6.

Lefèvre amaze umwaka ahunze, Umwami Francis wa mbere yaciye amusaba kumwigishiriza umuhungu wiwe w’imyaka ine yitwa Charles. Ivyo vyatumye Lefèvre aronka umwanya ukwiye wo gusozera guhindura iyo Bibiliya. Mu 1530, abirekuriwe n’umwami w’abami Charles wa gatanu, Lefèvre yaciye asohora Bibiliya yose yuzuye, ikaba yacapuriwe i Antwerp mu Bubiligi, aho gucapurirwa mu Bufaransa.b

ICO YIPFUJE MUGABO KITARANGUTSE

Lefèvre yari yizigiye ko Ekleziya yotevye ikavavanura n’imigenzo y’abantu, maze igasubira ku bumenyi nyakuri bwo mu Vyanditswe. Yabona ko “buri mukirisu afise uburenganzira be n’ibanga vyo kwisomera Bibiliya no kuyiga ku giti ciwe.” Ni co catumye akora uko ashoboye kwose kugira ngo Bibiliya ishikire bose. Ni ivy’ukuri yuko icipfuzo Lefèvre yari afise c’uko umusi uri izina Ekleziya yogize ico ihinduye mu nyigisho zayo, kitarangutse. Naho ari ukwo, nta woharira yuko Lefèvre yasize iragi, na ryo akaba ari ugufasha abantu nyarucari kumenya Ijambo ry’Imana.