Igitabu wokwizigira​—Igice ca 4

Ubumedi n’Ubuperesi mu nkuru ya kahise ivugwa muri Bibiliya

Iki ni ikiganiro kigira kane muri rwa rukurikirane rw’ibiganiro indwi bizoza birasohoka mu nomero zikurikirana za “Be maso!”, bino bikaba bica irya n’ino za nganji nganzasi indwi zivugwa mu nkuru ya kahise dusanga muri Bibiliya. Intumbero yavyo ni iyo kwerekana yuko Bibiliya ari iyo kwizigirwa, ko yahumetswe n’Imana be n’uko ubutumwa buri muri yo butuma umuntu yizigira ko imibabaro iterwa no kuba umuntu ategeka mugenziwe mu buryo buranga ubunyamaswa izokurwaho.

IBISIGARIRA vy’ibirimba vy’abami be n’imva zabo vyerekana akantu ide gusa ku bijanye n’ubwiza, ububasha be n’ubutunzi vyaranga inganji nganzasi y’Ubumedi n’Ubuperesi yari igizwe n’ubwami bubiri. Imbere y’uko ubwo bwami bubiri bwiyunga, Ubumedi ni bwo bwari bukomeye. Ariko mu 550 B.G.C., Ubumedi bwarigaruriwe n’umwami w’Ubuperesi Kuro wa kabiri, aca aganza ubwami bw’Ubumedi n’Ubuperesi. Ubwo bwami amahanga, buno mu ntango bukaba bwagarukira mu buraruko bw’Ikigobe c’Abarabu, bwahavuye bwaguka buhēra ku Kiyaga Egée gushika mu Misiri no gushika mu buraruko bushira uburengero bw’Ubuhindi ushizemwo n’i Yudaya.

Ubumedi n’Ubuperesi bwaramaze imyaka irenga 200 buganza ihanga ry’Abayuda, kuva Babiloni itemvye mu 539 B.G.C. gushika Ubumedi n’Ubuperesi butsinzwe n’Abagiriki mu 331 B.G.C. Ibitabu bitari bike vyo muri Bibiliya biragira ico bivuze ku bintu bihambaye vyabaye muri ico gihe.

Inkuru ya kahise yo kwizigirwa

Bibiliya itubwira yuko Umwami Kuro wa kabiri yabohoye Abayuda bari baragizwe imbohe i Babiloni, ivyo bikaba vyatumye bashobora gusubira i Yeruzalemu maze barasubira kwubaka urusengero rw’Imana, urwo Abanyababiloni bari barasambuye mu 607 B.G.C. (Ezira 1:1-7; 6:3-5) Icandiko citiriwe Kuro kiri ku kibumbano, icubuwe mu 1879 mu bisigarira vya Babiloni ya kera, kiremeza iyo nkuru. Ico candikano kiravuga izina rya Kuro kikongera kikadondora politike yiwe yo gufata abantu baba baragizwe imbohe akabasubiza mu bihugu vyabo vy’amavukiro, bakagenda batwaye ibikoresho bakoresha mu gusenga. Umwanditsi wa Bibiliya Yesaya yaranditse amajambo y’ubuhanuzi yavuzwe na Yehova ajanye na Kuro ati: “ ‘Kandi ikimpimbara cose azogishitsa neza’, mbere n’ijambo mvuga kuri Yeruzalemu nti: ‘Hazosubira kwubakwa,’ ku rusengero na ho nti: ‘Umushinge wawe uzoshingwa.’ ”—Yesaya 44:28.

Kukaba nkako, muri Ezira 6:3, 4 havuga yuko Kuro yategetse ko amahera yo gusubira kwubaka urusengero “[ava] ku nzu y’umwami.” Ayo majambo atangaje arahuye n’ibivugwa mu nkuru ya kahise itari iyo muri Bibiliya. Igitabu kimwe (La Perse et la Bible) kivuga giti: “Abami b’Abaperesi bari bafise politike yo guterera agacumu k’ubumwe mu bijanye no gusubizaho ibibanza vyeranda mu nganji yabo.”

Bibiliya itubwira yuko abarwanya Abayuda bahavuye bandikira Dariyo Mukuru (uwitwa kandi Dariyo wa mbere) bakaba bariko baravuguruza ivyo Abayuda bari bavuze yuko Kuro yari yarabahaye uruhusha rwo gusubira kwubaka urusengero. Dariyo yategetse yuko haronderwa itegeko ryo mu ntango ryanditse. Uti none havuyemwo iki? Ku murwa mukuru Ekibatana, harubuwe umuzingo warimwo itegeko Kuro yari yaratanze. Mu kwishura, Dariyo yanditse ati: “Jewe Dariyo ntanze itegeko [ni ukuvuga itegeko ryo gusubira kwubaka urusengero]. Nirikurikizwe bidatevye.” Ivyo kurwanya ico gikorwa vyaciye bihagarara.a—Ezira 6:2, 7, 12, 13.

Inkuru za kahise zitari izo muri Bibiliya zirashigikira ayo makuru. Kimwe coco, i Ekibatana ni ho Kuro yaba mu gihe c’ici, kandi iryo tegeko ashobora kuba yarisohoye ari ng’aho. N’ikindi kandi, ivyo abacukuzi bubuye birerekana yuko abami b’Ubumedi n’Ubuperesi bitwararika cane ibibazo bijanye n’idini vyagira ico bikoze ku karere kabo maze bakandika amakete kugira ngo babitorere umuti.

Ubuhanuzi bwo kwizigirwa

Mu bintu umuhanuzi Daniyeli yeretswe mu ndoto ahumekewe n’Imana, yarabonye ibikoko bine vyuburuka mu kiyaga bikurikirana, kimwekimwe cose kikaba cagereranya inganji nganzasi. Igikoko ca mbere, kikaba cari intambwe ifise amababa, cagereranya Babiloni. Ica kabiri cari “kimeze nk’idubu.” Iyo nkuru ibandanya iti: “Kibwirwa ngo: ‘Haguruka, urye inyama nyinshi.’ ” (Daniyeli 7:5) Iyo dubu iteye ubwoba yagereranya Ubumedi n’Ubuperesi.

Nk’uko ubwo buhanuzi bwa Daniyeli bwari bwarabivuze, Ubumedi n’Ubuperesi bwarerekanye ko buhahamiye bimwe bidasanzwe kwigarurira uturere. Haciye igihe gito Daniyeli yeretswe ivyo bintu mu ndoto, Kuro yaranesheje Abamedi, aca atera intambara yo kurwanya ibihugu bibanyi ari vyo Ludiya na Babiloni. Umuhungu wiwe Kambize wa kabiri yarigaruriye Misiri. Mu nyuma abategetsi b’Ubumedi n’Ubuperesi bararushirije mbere kwagura iyo nganji.

Dushobora gute kwemera tudakeka ko iyo nsobanuro ari iy’ukuri? Mu bindi bintu Daniyeli yeretswe mugabo bifitaniye isano n’ivya mbere, yarabonye impfizi y’intama “isekagura amahembe mu burengero no mu buraruko no mu bumanuko.” Ubwo buhanuzi bwarangutse igihe Ubumedi n’Ubuperesi ‘bwasekagura’ ayandi mahanga harimwo na ca gisagara gikomeye ca Babiloni. Hari umumarayika w’Imana yatanze insobanuro y’ivyo bintu Daniyeli yeretswe, mu kumubwira ati: “Impfizi y’intama wabonye y’amahembe abiri, igereranya abami b’Ubumedi n’Ubuperesi.”—Daniyeli 8:3, 4, 20.

Vyongeye, hagisigaye nk’imyaka amajana abiri ngo Babiloni yigarurirwe, umuhanuzi Yesaya yaramenyesheje izina ry’umwami w’Ubuperesi yohigaruriye, uno akaba atari bwavuke, yongera aramenyesha ubuhinga yokoresheje mu kwigarurira Babiloni. Yesaya yanditse ati: “Ibi ni vyo Yehova abwiye uwo yarobanuje amavuta, Kuro, uwo mfashe ukuryo, ngo ntume amahanga ayoboka imbere yiwe, kugira ngo nkenyurure amafyinga y’abami; ngo nugurure imbere yiwe ya miryango y’inzugi zibirizibiri, ku buryo n’amarembo atazokwugarwa.” (Yesaya 45:1) Yesaya na Yeremiya bari baravuze yuko “inzuzi” z’i Babiloni, ni ukuvuga imifurege mininiminini yaho yaronka amazi avuye mu Ruzi Efurate, zikaba zari imigende ihakingira, zokamijwe. (Yesaya 44:27; Yeremiya 50:38) Abatohozakahise b’Abagiriki Herodote na Xénophon baremeza yuko ubwo buhanuzi bwo muri Bibiliya butagiramwo amakosa, harimwo n’ivy’uko Abanyababiloni bariko barahimbaza imisi mikuru muri iryo joro nyene Kuro yigarurira ico gisagara. (Yesaya 21:5, 9; Daniyeli 5:1-4, 30) Kubera yuko ingabo za Kuro zari zakebeje Uruzi Efurate, zarinjiye bitazigoye na gatoyi muri ico gisagara ziciye mu marembo yuguruye yari aherereye kuri urwo ruzi. Mw’ijoro rimwe, ico gisagara ca Babuloni gihambaye cari gitemvye!

Ivyo bintu vyabaye vyaciye bituma haranguka ubundi buhanuzi butangaje. Umuhanuzi Yeremiya yari yaravuze imbere y’aho yuko abasavyi b’Imana bomaze imyaka 70 ari inyagano i Babiloni. (Yeremiya 25:11, 12; 29:10) Ubwo buhanuzi bwararangutse igihe kigeze, maze abari baragizwe inyagano baremererwa gusubira mu gihugu cabo c’amavukiro.

Umuhango ushobora kwizigira

Haciye igihe gitoyi Ubumedi n’Ubuperesi bwigaruriye Babiloni, Daniyeli yaranditse ubuhanuzi budufasha gutahura ikintu gihambaye kuruta ibindi kiba mw’iranguka ry’umugambi Imana ifitiye abantu. Umumarayika Gaburiyeli yaramenyesheje Daniyeli mu buryo butomoye igihe Mesiya, ari we rwa “ruvyaro” rwasezeranwa mw’⁠Itanguriro 3:15, yobonekeyeko! Uwo mumarayika w’Imana yavuze ati: “Kuva igihe hazosohorwa ijambo ryo gusubizaho Yeruzalemu no gusubira kuyubaka, gushika kuri Mesiya Indongozi, hazoba amayinga indwi, habe n’amayinga mirongo itandatu n’abiri,” yose hamwe akaba ari amayinga 69. (Daniyeli 9:25) None ico kiringo kivugwa mu buryo bw’ubuhanuzi catanguye ryari?

Naho Kuro yemereye Abayuda gusubira mu gihugu cabo inyuma gato y’ugutemba kwa Babiloni, haraciye imyaka myinshi Yeruzalemu n’impome zaho bitarasanurwa. Mu 455 B.G.C., Umwami Aritazerusi yarahaye uruhusha Umuyuda yamuhereza ibinyobwa ari we Nehemiya kugira ngo asubire i Yeruzalemu maze ahagarikire ico gikorwa co gusubira kwubaka. (Nehemiya 2:1-6) Ico gihe ni ho ya mayinga 69 yatangura.

Ariko rero, ayo mayinga 69 ntiyari amayinga nya mayinga agizwe n’imisi ndwindwi ahubwo yari amayinga agizwe n’imyaka. Nkako, Bibiliya zimwezimwe zihindura iryo jambo “amayinga” ngo “amayinga agizwe n’imyaka.”b (Daniyeli 9:24, 25) Mesiya yobonetse haciye ikiringo kingana n’ “amayinga” 69, rimwerimwe ryose rikaba rigizwe n’imyaka 7, yose hamwe ikaba yobaye imyaka 483. Ubwo buhanuzi bwarangutse mu 29 G.C. igihe Yezu yabatizwa, hakaba hari haciye neza na neza imyaka 483 uhereye mu 455 B.G.C.c

Kuba ubwo buhanuzi bwo muri Daniyeli bwararangutse mu buryo butomoye ni kimwe mu bindi bimenyamenya umuyoro vyemeza Yezu uwo ari we. Ico kimenyamenya kirakomeza kandi icizigiro dufise ku bijanye na kazoza. Yezu, we Mwami w’Ubwami bw’Imana bwo mw’ijuru, azokuraho intwaro z’abantu zitwaza umukazo. Azoca ashitsa ubundi buhanuzi bwinshi bwo muri Bibiliya harimwo n’ubuvuga ko abapfuye bazozuka kugira ngo babeho ibihe bidahera mw’Iparadizo kw’isi.—Daniyeli 12:2; Yohani 5:28, 29; Ivyahishuwe 21:3-5.

[Utujambo tw’epfo]

[Igicapo/​Amafoto ku rup. 16]

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455 B.G.C. 29 G.C.

Kuva igihe hatangwa itegeko ryo gusubira kwubaka Yeruzalemu gushika Mesiya abonetse, haciye neza na neza imyaka 483

[Ifoto ku rup. 14, 15]

Iki candiko citiriwe Kuro kiradondora politike ijanye no gusubiza imbohe mu bihugu vyabo vy’amavukiro

[Ifoto ku rup. 15]

N’ubu urashobora kubona imva ya Kuro mu bisigarira vy’igisagara ca kera ca Pasargadae, muri Irani yo muri iki gihe

[Abo dukesha amafoto ku rup. 15]

Rup. 14, hejuru, uko inganji zakurikiranye: Igicapo c’Abanyamisiri ku ruhome n’umutwe wa Nero: Amafoto dukesha British Museum; Igicapo c’Abaperesi ku ruhome: Musée du Louvre, Paris; hepfo, icandiko citiriwe Kuro: Ifoto dukesha British Museum; rup. 15, imva ya Kuro: © Richard Ashworth/age fotostock