4 Ukuhaba kwa Kristu (Parousia)

Mt 24:3—Mu kigiriki ni τὸ σημεῖον τῆς σῆς παρουσίας (to se·meiʹon tes ses pa·rou·siʹas)

Izina ry’ikigiriki pa·rou·siʹa ijambo ku rindi risobanura “kuba iruhande ya,” iyo mvugo ikaba ikuwe mu ndongorazina pa·raʹ (iruhande ya) na ou·siʹa (“ukuba”). Ijambo pa·rou·siʹa riboneka incuro 24 mu Vyanditswe vy’ikigiriki vya gikirisu, aho hakaba ari muri Mt 24:3, 27, 37, 39; 1Kr 15:23; 16:17; 2Kr 7:6, 7; 10:10; Fp 1:26; 2:12; 1Ts 2:19; 3:13; 4:15; 5:23; 2Ts 2:1, 8, 9; Yak 5:7, 8; 2Pt 1:16; 3:4, 12; 1Yh 2:28. Muri ivyo bibanza 24 Bibiliya y’isi nshasha ihindura pa·rou·siʹa ikoresheje imvugo ziserura iciyumviro c’“ukuhaba.”

Irivuga bifitaniye isano, ari ryo paʹrei·mi, ijambo ku rindi risobanura “kuba iruhande ya.” Riboneka incuro 24 mu Vyanditswe vy’ikigiriki vya gikirisu, aho hakaba ari muri Mt 26:50; Lk 13:1; Yoh 7:6; 11:28; Ivk 10:21, 33; 12:20; 17:6; 24:19; 1Kr 5:3, 3; 2Kr 10:2, 11; 11:9; 13:2, 10; Gl 4:18, 20; Kl 1:6; Heb 12:11; 13:5; 2Pt 1:9, 12; Ivy 17:8. Muri ivyo bibanza, Bibiliya y’isi nshasha ihindura paʹrei·mi ngo ‘(kuba) uhari,’ ‘kuba’ n’izindi nyubako bijanye.

Ufatiye ku kuntu ukuhaba kwa Paulo n’ukutahaba kwiwe bihushanywa muri 2Kr 10:10, 11 no muri Fp 2:12, insobanuro y’ijambo pa·rou·siʹa ica yibonekeza. Vyongeye, ufatiye ku kuntu pa·rou·siʹa y’Umwana w’umuntu igereranywa n’“imisi ya Nowa,” muri Mt 24:37-39, uca ubona ko iryo jambo risobanura “ukuhaba.”

Insobanuro ya mbere y’ijambo pa·rou·siʹa itangwa n’inyizamvugo imwe (A Greek-English Lexicon [LSJ] ya Liddell na Scott, rup. 1343), ni ijambo ukuhaba. Inyizamvugo imwe y’Isezerano risha (Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, vol. V, rup. 859), munsi y’agatwe kavuga ngo “Insobanuro ya rusangi,” na yo nyene ivuga ngo: “Ijambo παρουσία [pa·rou·siʹa] ryumvikanisha [canecane] ukuba umuntu ari ho ari kandi akagira ico akoze.”

Ijambo pa·rou·siʹa, irisobanura “ukuhaba,” riratandukanye n’ijambo ry’ikigiriki eʹleu·sis, irisobanura “ukuza,” rino rikaba riboneka incuro imwe mu gisomwa c’ikigiriki, mu Ivk 7:52, ari e·leuʹse·os (mu kilatini ni ad·venʹtu). Ijambo pa·rou·siʹa n’ijambo eʹleu·sis, rimwe ntiryokora mu kibanza c’irindi. Ya nyizamvugo y’Isezerano risha (Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, imbumbe ya 5, rup. 865), yavuze ko “ayo majambo [paʹrei·mi na pa·rou·siʹa] atigera akoreshwa ku kuza kwa Kristu mu mubiri, kandi ijambo παρουσία [pa·rou·siʹa] ntiryigera risobanura ukugaruka. Iciyumviro ca parousia zirenze imwe catanguye kuboneka muri Ekeleziya yo mu bihe vyo mu nyuma [si imbere y’uwitwa Yusito, mu kinjana ca kabiri G.C.]. . . . Ikintu nyamukuru gikenewe kugira ngo dutahure ivyiyumviro vyo mu Bukirisu bwo mu ntango, ni uko dukwiye kwikuramwo rwose ico ciyumviro [ca parousia zirenze imwe].”

Ku vyerekeye insobanuro y’iryo jambo, uwitwa Israel P. Warren, D.D., yanditse mu gitabu ciwe (The Parousia, Portland, Maine [1879], rup. 12-15) ati: “Twebwe turakunze kuvuga ivy’‘umuzo ugira kabiri,’ ‘ukuza kugira kabiri,’ n’ibindi n’ibindi, ariko Ivyanditswe ntivyigera bivuga ‘Parousia igira kabiri.’ Ukwo yobaye imeze kwose, cobaye ari ikintu kidasanzwe, kitari bwigere kiba, kandi kitokwigeze congera kuba. Kwobaye ukuhaba gutandukanye n’ubundi buryo bwose yiyeretse abantu kandi kuburuta, ku buryo ukwo kuhaba gukwiye kugira izina riri ryonyene, ata rindi jambo rikudondora kiretse akajambo kagenekereza izina (article), bigaca biba: KWA KUHABA.

“Dufatiye kuri ukwo kuntu iryo jambo ribonwa, niyumvira ko vyibonekeza yuko ryaba ijambo ‘ukuza’ canke ‘umuzo,’ ata na rimwe muri yo riserukira neza iryo mu ntango. Ntahuje n’inkomoko y’iryo jambo; ntajanye n’iciyumviro c’irivuga iryo jambo rikomokako; eka ntashobora gusubirira neza ijambo ‘ukuhaba,’ ari ryo rirushirije kuba iribereye, ngo arisubirire aho abahinduzi barikoresheje. Eka kandi iciyumviro nyamukuru cumvikana [mu matsitso] y’ayo majambo si kimwe. Ijambo ‘ukuza’ n’ijambo ‘umuzo’ atanga ahanini iciyumviro c’ukwegera aho turi, ukaza udutumbera; ‘parousia’ ryoryo ritanga iciyumviro c’ukuba uri kumwe natwe, ata kuvuga ingene vyatanguye. Iciyumviro kiri muri ayo majambo abiri ya mbere giherana n’ukwo gushika; iciyumviro c’ijambo ‘parousia’ coco gitangurana n’ukwo gushika. Ayo abiri ya mbere arimwo iciyumviro c’ukugenda; iryo rya ‘parousia’ ryoryo ririmwo iciyumviro co kuba wibereye aho. Umwanya igikorwa co kuza cerekanwa n’ayo majambo abiri ya mbere kimara uri n’aho ugarukira, ukaba ushobora kuba muto; ariko umwanya igikorwa c’ukuhaba cerekanwa n’ijambo ‘parousia’ kimara, wowo ntugira aho ugarukira. . . .

“Iyo abahinduzi bacu bagenza iryo jambo ‘parousia’ uko bagenjeje ijambo ‘baptisma’ [ibatisimu], bakarikoresha batiriwe bararihindagura, canke iyo barihindura bakoresheje ijambo bihuje neza insobanuro y’inkomoko, ari ryo ukuhaba, kandi iyo bitahurwa neza yuko ‘Ukuhaba kwa kabiri’ kutabaho, kandi ntivyari kubura gutahurwa neza, niyumvira yuko iyo nyigisho yose uko yakabaye yobaye itandukanye n’uko iri uno musi. Imvugo ‘umuzo wa kabiri’ be n’‘ukuza kwa kabiri’ nta wari kwigera azumva. Ishengero riba ryarigishijwe kuvuga UKUHABA KW’UMUKAMA, nka co kintu rizeyeko iranguka ry’ivyizigiro vyaryo, haba muri kazoza ka hafi canke ka kure cane, muri ukwo kuhaba kw’Umukama isi ikaba yogizwe nshasha, hakaba izuka ryo mu buryo bw’impwemu no mu buryo bw’umubiri, hagashitswa ubutungane, hakanatangwa impembo z’ibihe bidahera.”

Ikindi kandi, mu gitabu c’uwitwa Bauer, ku rupapuro rwa 630, havuga yuko pa·rou·siʹa “yacitse ijambo ryemewe rikoreshwa ku rugendo rugizwe n’umuntu w’umukuru, [canecane] rugizwe n’abami hamwe n’abami b’abami baba bagendeye intara.” Muri Mt 24:3, hamwe no mu bindi vyanditswe nko mu 1Ts 3:13 na 2Ts 2:1, ijambo pa·rou·siʹa rishaka kuvuga ukuhaba kwa cami kwa Yezu Kristu kuva yimitswe akaba Umwami mu misi ya nyuma y’ivy’iyi si.