6 Ijambo ry’igiheburayo “neʹphesh” (נפש) be n’iry’ikigiriki psy·kheʹ (ψυχή)
ashobora guhindurwa ngo: Ikinyabuzima, umuntu canke igikoko; ubuzima bw’umuntu; be n’ubundi buryo rikoreshwa; Mu kilatini ni aʹni·ma
Mu Vyanditswe vy’igiheburayo, ijambo ry’igiheburayo nefeshi (neʹphesh [“âme” mu gifaransa]) riboneka incuro 754, rikaba riboneka ubwa mbere muri It 1:20. Bibiliya y’isi nshasha yo mu kirundi yahinduye iryo jambo yisunze ico bashaka kuvuga. Ubwo buryo ryahinduwe buradufasha kubona ico bariko baravuga, ko ari umuntu, canke ikiremwa gitoyi, canke ubuzima bw’umuntu canke ubw’igikoko, nk’uko abanditse Bibiliya bakoresheje iryo jambo. Ivyo biratandukanye rwose n’ivyo Abanyamisiri ba kera, Abanyababiloni, Abagiriki n’Abaroma biyumvira bafatiye ku vy’ugusenga canke kuri filozofiya, ko umuntu afise igihimba kibandanya kubaho iyo amaze gupfa.
Mu Vyanditswe vy’ikigiriki vya gikirisu, ijambo ry’ikigiriki pisike (psy·kheʹ [“âme” mu gifaransa]) riboneka incuro 102, rikaba riboneka ubwa mbere muri Mt 2:20. Muri izo ncuro harimwo Ef 6:6 na Kl 3:23, aho riri mu mvugo yahinduwe ngo “ata kwiziganya.” N’ikindi kandi, rirakoreshwa mu zindi mvugo z’ikigiriki zubakiye kuri ryo, nko muri Fp 2:2, 19; 1Ts 5:14. No ng’aho, Bibiliya y’isi nshasha mu kirundi ihindura iryo jambo pisike (psy·kheʹ) ifatiye ku kiba kiriko kiravugwa.” Ukwo kuntu ijambo ry’ikigiriki psy·kheʹ ryahinduwe birafasha cane kubona ukuntu abanditsi bahumekewe barikoresheje be n’insobanuro bariha.
Kugira ngo dufashe umuntu gutahura ingene amajambo neʹphesh na psy·kheʹ yakoreshejwe muri ubwo buryo, aha hepfo twaratondetse munsi y’udutwe dutandukanye ivyanditswe bibonekamwo iryo jambo ry’igiheburayo (neʹphesh) be n’iry’ikigiriki (psy·kheʹ).
Ibikoko ni neʹphesh
It 1:20, 21, 24, 30; 2:19; 9:10, 12, 15, 16; Lw 11:10, 46, 46; 24:18; Gh 31:28; Yb 41:21; Ezk 47:9.
Umuntu muzima ni neʹphesh canke psy·kheʹ
It 2:7; 12:5; 14:21; 36:6; 46:15, 18, 22, 25, 26, 26, 27, 27; Kv 1:5, 5; 12:4, 16; 16:16; Lw 2:1; 4:2, 27; 5:1, 2, 4, 15, 17; 6:2; 7:18, 20, 21, 25, 27; 17:10, 12, 15; 18:29; 20:6, 6; 22:6, 11; 23:29, 30; 27:2; Gh 5:6; 15:27, 28, 30; 19:18, 22; 31:35, 35, 40, 40, 46; 35:30; Gus 10:22; 24:6, 7; 1Sm 22:22; 2Sm 14:14; 2Bm 12:4; 1Ng 5:21; Zb 19:7; Img 11:25, 30; 16:24; 19:2, 15; 25:25; 27:7, 7, 9; Yr 43:6; 52:29; Int 3:25; Ezk 27:13; Ivk 2:41, 43; 7:14; 27:37 Rm 13:1; 1Kr 15:45; 1Pt 3:20; 2Pt 2:14.
Ibikoko canke abantu nta kintu kidapfa bifise, birapfa
It 12:13; 17:14; 19:19, 20; 37:21; Kv 12:15, 19; 31:14; Lw 7:20, 21, 27; 19:8; 22:3; 23:30; 24:17; Gh 9:13; 15:30, 31; 19:13, 20; 23:10; 31:19; 35:11, 15, 30; Gus 19:6, 11; 22:26; 27:25; Yos 2:13, 14; 10:28, 30, 32, 35, 37, 37, 39; 11:11; 20:3, 9; Abc 5:18; 16:16, 30; 1Bm 19:4; 20:31; Yb 7:15; 11:20; 18:4; 33:22; 36:14; Zb 7:2; 22:29; 66:9; 69:1; 78:50; 94:17; 106:15; 124:4; Img 28:17; Yes 55:3; Yr 2:34; 4:10; 18:20; 38:17; 40:14; Ezk 13:19; 17:17; 18:4; 22:25, 27; 33:6; Mt 2:20; 10:28, 28; 26:38; Mr 3:4; 14:34; Lk 6:9; 17:33; Yoh 12:25; Ivk 3:23; Rm 11:3; Heb 10:39; Yak 5:20; Ivy 8:9; 12:11; 16:3.
Neʹphesh canke psy·kheʹ rirasobanura ubuzima bw’umuntu
It 35:18; Kv 4:19; 21:23; 30:12; Yos 9:24; Abc 9:17; 12:3; 18:25; 2Bm 7:7; 2Ng 1:11; Yb 2:4; 6:11; Img 1:18; 7:23; 22:23; 25:13; Mt 6:25; 10:39; 16:25; Lk 12:20; Yoh 10:15; 13:38; 15:13; Ivk 20:10; Rm 16:4; Fp 2:30; 1Ts 2:8; Yak 1:21; 1Pt 1:22; 2:11, 25; 1Yh 3:16.
Neʹphesh canke psy·kheʹ irarokorwa igakizwa ukuzimu
Zb 16:10; 30:3; 49:15; 86:13; 89:48; Img 23:14; Ivk 2:27.
Neʹphesh canke psy·kheʹ ipfuye, kibure ikiziga
Lw 19:28; 21:1, 11; 22:4; Gh 5:2; 6:6, 11; 9:6, 7, 10; 19:11, 13; Hg 2:13.
Neʹphesh canke Psy·kheʹ iratandukanye n’impwemu
Fp 1:27, akajambo k’epfo; 1Ts 5:23; Heb 4:12.
Imana irafise neʹphesh canke psy·kheʹ
1Sm 2:35; Zb 11:5; 24:4; Img 6:16; Yes 1:14; 42:1; Yr 5:9; 6:8; 12:7; 14:19; 15:1; 32:41; 51:14; Int 3:20; Ezk 23:18; Am 6:8; Mt 12:18; Heb 10:38.