KAHISE KATWIGISHA IKI?
Zheng He
“Twaragenze lia zirenga ibihumbi ijana mu kiyaga amahero, turahabona imipfunda amahanga igera hejuru cane nk’imisozi, turaratira ijisho imihingo ya kure tutari tuzi . . . ibitambara vy’ubwato bwacu na vyo vyaguma bishanje hejuru nk’ibicu ijoro n’umurango, ubwato bwacu bukaguma bubandanya urugendo (bunyaruka) nk’inyenyeri, burarengana iyo mipfunda yose ikaze, biba nk’aho umengo twariko tugendera mw’ibarabara.”—Ayo majambo ari mu candikano co mu kinjana ca 15 kiri i Changle, mu ntara ya Fujian mu Bushinwa, akaba yitirirwa Zheng He.
UBUSHINWA ni igihugu kirangwamwo ibintu bikomakomeye. Ni co gihugu kirimwo abantu benshi kuruta ibindi vyose, kikaba no mu bihugu binini rwose kw’isi. Abanyagihugu baho barubatse uruzitiro amahanga, rukaba ruri mu bintu bikomakomeye vyubatswe muri kahise k’abantu. Amato akomakomeye yakozwe n’abami bo mu Bushinwa bo mu muryango wa cami witwa Ming, ari bo Yongle na Xuande, yari manini cane kuruta ayandi yose yakozwe mu binjana bitanu vyakurikiye. Uwari ayoboye ayo mato yari umwisilamu yitwa Zheng He wo mu bumanuko bushira uburengero bw’Ubushinwa.
UBUBASHA, URUDANDAZWA, N’IKIBUGURO
Nk’uko bivugwa mu candikano cakuwemwo amajambo yavuzwe mu ntango z’iki kiganiro, Zheng He yari yashinzwe igikorwa co “kwerekana umutima mwiza (umuryango wa cami) wari ufise wo guhindura ibintu, no kugaragariza ubuntu abantu bo mu mihingo ya kure.” Kivuga yuko izo ngendo zatumye “ibihugu vy’iyo catawe be n’ivyo ku mpera z’isi vyose biganzwa [n’Ubushinwa] . . . Abantu bo hakurya y’amazi . . . baraza [ku kirimba c’umwami] gusaba ijambo, bakaza bazanye ingabirano be n’ibindi bintu vy’agaciro.”
Ibivuko bimwebimwe amato ya Zheng He yagendeye
Abantu usanga batabona kumwe intumbero abami bo mu muryango wa Ming bari bafise mu kugira izo ngendo. Bamwe babona ko Zheng He yaja kumenyekanisha imico kama be n’umutima mwiza biranga igihugu ciwe gikomeye yamara c’ikinyamahoro. Abandi na bo babona ko ico gikorwa yari yashinzwe cari ico kurondera kwiganzira ibindi bihugu. Kukaba nkako, Zheng He yaraha ingabirano nziza abategetsi bamwakira neza akongera akabashigikira mu vya politike, ariko abanka kuyobokera umwami w’Ubushinwa wo mu muryango wa Ming no kumuha ikibuguro, yarabarwanya akabanesha, akabajana kubagira imbohe. Ingendo zitangaje Zheng He yagize zatumye abategetsi batari bake bo mu karere k’Ibahari Indiyano barungika abaserukizi babo mu Bushinwa kugira ngo batere iteka umwami.
Uko biri kwose, ayo mato yayoborwa na Zheng He yagenda kandi atwaye utuntu twizatwiza tugizwe n’uduhingurano dusizwe vereni, ibikoresho vy’ibumba, be n’impuzu z’amaharire vyaba vyahinguwe n’abanyatugenegene bakorera umuryango wa cami, kugira ngo babigurishirize ku bivuko vyo mu mihingo ya kure. Ayo mato yasubira mu Bushinwa ajanye amabuye y’agaciro, amasenge, ibirungo, imbaho zo mu turere dushushe be n’ibindi bintu Abashinwa babona ko ari ivy’agaciro. Mbere igihe kimwe yagarutse azanye umusumbaremba, uwo bivugwa ko watumye abantu bagira akanyamuneza kadasanzwe. Ukwo guhanahana ibidandazwa n’ivyiyumviro kwatumye ibindi bihugu bibona iterambere ridasanzwe Ubushinwa bwari bugezeko mu kinjana ca 15.
Izo ngendo zikomeye ntizabandanije. Inyuma y’imyaka mirongo Zheng He agize izo ngendo, Ubushinwa bwarahagaritse guhanahana ibidandazwa n’ibindi bihugu no kugiranira imigenderanire na vyo. Umwami mushasha w’Ubushinwa be n’abahanuzi biwe bisunga ivyiyumviro vy’umufilozofe yitwa Confucius, baragerageje kurinda igihugu cabo akosho k’ibindi bihugu kubera ko babona ko cari cikwije. Baratumye ayo mato yibagiranwa, kumbure babigira mu kuzimanganya amakuru yerekeye izo ngendo zikomakomeye, mbere no mu gusambura ayo mato. Nta myaka myinshi ihaciye abantu bo mu Bushinwa be n’abo mu bindi bihugu bamenye ivyerekeye ico gihe gikomeye amato amahero ya Zheng He yagira ingendo mu biyaga.
a Li ni ingero y’uburebure y’Abashinwa yagiye irahindagurika uko ibinjana vyagiye birarengana. Vyiyumvirwa yuko mu gihe ca Zheng He ingero imwe ya li yababa igice c’ikilometero.