Izina ry’Imana mu Bihe Bitandukanye
YEHOVA Imana ashaka ko abantu bamenya kandi bagakoresha izina rye. N’ikimenyimenyi ni uko yahishuriye iryo zina Rye abantu babiri ba mbere bari batuye hano ku isi. Ikitubwira ko Adamu na Eva bari bamenyereye gukoresha izina ry’Imana, ni uko Eva amaze kubyara Kaini, yagize atya, hakurikijwe ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo cya kera, ngo “Mpeshejw’ umuhungu n’Uwiteka [Yehova, MN].”—Itangiriro 4:1.
Hanyuma dusoma ko habayeho abagabo b’indahemuka nka Henoki na Noa “[b]agendanaga n’Imana [y’ukuri]” (Itangiriro 5:24; 6:9). Na bo bagomba kuba bari bazi izina ry’Imana. Ndetse iryo zina ryarokotse Umwuzure ukomeye, rirokokana n’umukiranutsi Noa hamwe n’umuryango we. N’ubwo nyuma y’aho haje kubaho ukwigomeka gukomeye i Babeli, abagaragu nyakuri b’Imana bakomeje gukoresha izina ryayo. Rigaragara incuro amagana n’amagana mu mategeko Imana yari yahaye Isirayeli. Mu gitabo cyo Gutegeka kwa kabiri ubwacyo, riboneka incuro 551.
Mu minsi y’abacamanza, bigaragara ko Abisirayeli batakozwaga isoni n’izina ry’Imana ngo babure kurikoresha. Ndetse banarikoreshaga no mu magambo yabo yo kuramukanya. Bityo dusoma (mu Giheburayo cya kera) ko Boazi yaramutsaga abasaruzi be muri aya magambo ngo “Uwiteka [Yehova, MN] abane namwe.” Na bo bamusubizaga bati “Uwiteka [Yehova, MN] aguh’ umugisha.”—Rusi 2:4.
Mu mateka yose y’Abisirayeli kugeza igihe basubiriye i Buyuda bavuye mu bucakara i Babuloni, izina rya Yehova ryakomeje gukoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe. Umwami Dawidi, umugabo wari umeze nk’uko umutima w’Imana ushaka, yakunze gukoresha cyane iryo zina ry’Imana—mbese ku buryo rigaragara incuro amagana n’amagana muri za zaburi yanditse (Ibyakozwe 13:22). Nanone kandi, izina ry’Imana wasangaga rikubiye mu mazina menshi bwite y’Abisirayeli. Twavuga nka Adoniya (“Umwami wanjye ni Yah”—“Yah” akaba ari uburyo buhinnye bwa Yehova”), Yesaya (“Agakiza ka Yehova”), Yonatani (“Yehova Yaratanze”), Mika (“Ni nde umeze nka Yah?”) na Yosua (“Yehova Ni Agakiza”).
Hanze ya Bibiliya
Dufite nanone ibihamya bitari ibyo muri Bibiliya byerekana ko izina ry’Imana ryakoreshwaga cyane mu bihe bya kera. Mu wa 1961, hafi y’amajyepfo y’iburengerazuba bw’i Yerusalemu havumbuwe ubuvumo bwahambwagamo kera, nk’uko byavuzwe mu gitabo Israel Exploration Journal (umubumbe wa 13, No. 2). Inkuta zabwo zari zanditseho inyandiko zo mu Giheburayo zasaga nk’aho ari izo mu gice cya kabiri cy’ikinyejana cya munani mbere y’igihe cyacu. Izo nyandiko zari zikubiyemo nk’aya magambo ngo “Yehova ni Imana y’isi yose.”
Mu wa 1966, hari raporo yasohotse mu gitabo Israel Exploration Journal (umubumbe wa 16, No. 1) ku bihereranye n’ibijyo by’ibumba byanditsweho mu Giheburayo byavumbuwe ahitwa Irad, mu majyepfo y’Isirayeli. Izo nyandiko zanditswe mu gice cya kabiri cy’ikinyejana cya karindwi mbere y’igihe cyacu. Imwe muri zo yari ibarwa yari yarandikiwe umugabo umwe witwaga Eliashibu. Iyo barwa yatangizwaga n’aya magambo ngo “Kuri nyagasani Eliashibu: Yehova akwifurize amahoro.” Maze ikarangira muri aya magambo ngo ”Atuye mu nzu ya Yehova.”
Mu wa 1975 no mu wa 1976, abahanga mu bucukumbuzi bw’ibyatabitswe mu matongo bakoreraga i Negebu bavumbuye inyandiko zo mu Giheburayo no mu Gifenisiya ku nkuta zisizwe ingwa, ku byungo no ku bikoresho bikoze mu mabuye, babikorakoranyiriza hamwe. Izo nyandiko zari zikubiyemo n’ijambo ry’Igiheburayo rivuga ngo Imana, kimwe n’izina ry’Imana, YHWH mu nyuguti z’Igiheburayo. I Yerusalemu na ho vuba aha haherutse kuvumburwa umuzingo muto w’ifeza usa nk’aho ari uwa mbere y’ubunyage bw’i Babuloni. Abashakashatsi bavuga ko, bamaze kuwuzingura basanzeho izina rya Yehova ryanditswe mu Giheburayo.—Biblical Archaelogy Review, Werurwe/Mata mu wa 1983, ku ipaji ya 18.
Urundi rugero rwerekana ikoreshwa ry’izina ry’Imana turubona mu byo bakunda kwita amabarwa ya Lakishi. Ayo mabarwa yanditse ku bimanyu by’ibumba yabonetse hagati y’uwa 1935 n’uwa 1938 mu matongo ya Lakishi, umugi ukomeye uvugwa cyane mu mateka y’Isirayeli. Zisa n’aho zanditswe n’umutware wategekaga umutwe w’imbere w’ingabo z’i Buyuda yandikiye umutware mukuru umutegeka, witwaga Yaoshi wari utuye Lakishi, uko bigaragara hagomba kuba hari mu ntambara yari ishyamiranyije Isirayeri na Babuloni, ahagana mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya karindwi mbere y’igihe cyacu.
Mu mabarwa umunani asomeka neza, arindwi atangizwa n’iyi ndamutso ngo “Yehova akore ku buryo umwami wanjye amara iki gihe afite ubuzima buzira umuze!” Hose hamwe, izina ry’Imana riboneka incuro 11 muri ubwo butumwa uko ari burindwi, ibyo bikaba byerekana neza rwose ko izina rya Yehova ryari rifite umwanya mu biganiro bya buri munsi ahagana mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 7 mbere y’igihe cyacu.
Ndetse n’abategetsi b’abapagani bari bazi kandi bakoreshaga izina ry’Imana mu gihe bababaga bashaka kuvuga ibihereranye n’Imana y’Abisirayeli. Bityo rero, Umwami Mesha w’i Moabu yaje kwirata ubutwari bwe ku rugamba bwatumye anesha Isirayeli, abyandika ku ibuye rw’i Moabu, dore bimwe mu bigwi yivuga: “Kemoshi yarambwiye ati ‘Genda, jya kuzana Nebo y’Isirayeri!’ Ni uko ngenda ijoro ryose, mpera mu museke weya nyirwanya ngeza ku manywa y’ihangu, ni uko ndayifata nyitsembaho yose . . . Maze nyifatamo [ibikoresho] bya Yehova, ni uko mbikuruta hasi imbere ya Kemoshi.”
Ku bihereranye n’ibyo bihamya by’ikoreshwa ry’Izina ry’Imana bitari ibyo muri Bibiliya, dore icyo igitabo Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Alten Testament (Dictionnaire théologique pour l’Ancien Testament), umubumbe wa 3, agace ka 538, kibivugaho muri aya magambo ngo “Bityo rero ibihamya byo mu buryo bw’inyandiko bigera kuri 19 bya Tetaragaramu ya jhvh bigaragaraza neza ukuri kw’inyandiko ya kera ya Masoreti; kandi hari n’ibindi byinshi birenze ibyo bishobora kwizerwa mu bitabo bya kera bya Aradi.”—Cyahinduwe kivanywe mu Kidage
Izina ry’Imana Ntiryibagiranye
Ako kamenyero ko gukoresha izina ry’Imana karakomeje kageza no mu munsi ya Malaki, wabayeho ahagana mu mwaka wa 400 mbere y’igihe cya Yesu. Mu gitabo cya Bibiliya cyitirirwa izina rye, Malaki yahaye izina ry’Imana agaciro gakomeye cyane, arikoresha incuro 48 zose.
Uko igihe cyahise, Abayahudi benshi bagiye gutura kure y’igihugu cy’Isiraeli, ku buryo ndetse bamwe bageze aho batabona uko basoma Bibiliya yo mu Giheburayo. Ngiyo impamvu yatumye mu kinyejana cya gatatu mbere y’igihe cyacu baratangiye guhindura igice cya Bibiliya cyariho muri icyo gihe (“Isezerano rya Kera”) mu rurimi mpuzamahanga rushya, ni ukuvuga Ikigiriki. Icyakora izina ry’Imana ntiryirengagijwe. Abahinduzi bararikomeje, baryandika mu nyuguti z’Igiheburayo. Ibyo biragaragazwa na kopi za kera za Bibiliya yitwa Septante y’Ikigiriki zabitswe kugeza ubu.
Ariko se, ibintu byari bimeze bite mu gihe Yesu yari ku isi? Twamenya dute ko we n’intumwa ze bakoreshaga izina ry’Imana?
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 12]
Muri iyi barwa yanditswe ku rujyo rw’ibumba mu gice cya kabiri cy’ikinyejana cya karindwi mbere y’igihe cyacu, izina ry’Imana ribonekamo incuro ebyiri.
[Aho ifoto yavuye]
(Iyi shusho yatanzwe ku ruhushya rw’Ishami ryo muri Isirayeli, rishinzwe Ibintu bya Kera n’Inzu Ndangamurage)
[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 13]
Izina ry’Imana riboneka nanone mu mabarwa ya Lakishi no ku ibuye rw’i Moabu