Mbese, Umubumbe w’Isi Ugomba Kurimburwa Byanze Bikunze?

IHEREZO ry’ikinyejana cya 20 ririmo riregereza, kandi ikinyejana cya 21 kigiye gutangira. Muri iyo mimerere, hari abantu bagenda barushaho kwiyongera, ubusanzwe batita cyane, cyangwa se batanita rwose ku buhanuzi buhereranye n’ibyago byegereje, ubu barimo bibaza niba hari ikintu gishobora gusandaza isi kigiye kuba vuba hano.

Ushobora kuba wariboneye ingingo zo mu binyamakuru no mu magazeti zivuga ibihereranye n’ibyo—ndetse n’ibitabo byose uko byakabaye bivuga iyo ngingo. Ku bihereranye no kumenya ibizaba mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 21, tugomba gutegereza tukazareba. Abantu bamwe na bamwe bavuga ko kugera ku iherezo ry’umwaka wa 2000, bisaba ko hahita umwaka umwe gusa (cyangwa ko hagati y’umwaka wa 2000 n’uwa 2001 hari umunota umwe gusa), kandi ko bisa n’aho nta ngaruka zikomeye bizagira. Ikintu kirushijeho guhangayikisha abantu benshi, ni ukuntu uyu mubumbe wacu uzamera mu gihe kirekire kiri imbere.

Ubuhanuzi bumwe bwitabwaho cyane kurushaho muri iki gihe, ni ubuvuga ko mu gihe runaka—byaba vuba aha cyangwa kera—umubumbe w’Isi ubwawo uzarimbuka burundu. Reka turebe bumwe muri ubwo buhanuzi bw’amakuba.

Mu gitabo cye cyitwa The End of the World—The Science and Ethics of Human Extinction, cyabanje kwandikwa mu mwaka wa 1996, umwanditsi akaba n’umuhanga mu bya filozofiya witwa John Leslie, yavuze uburyo butatu ku bihereranye n’ukuntu ubuzima bw’ikiremwamuntu ku isi bushobora kuzarangira. Mbere na mbere, yarabajije ati “mbese, haramutse habaye intambara ya simusiga ikoreshwamo ibitwaro bya kirimbuzi, byaba byerekana ko ikiremwamuntu kizimangatanye?” Hanyuma, yongeyeho ati “ikintu gisa n’aho ari cyo gishobora kuzabaho cyane cyane, . . . ni ukuzimangatana kw’ikiremwamuntu bitewe n’ingaruka z’imirasire y’izuba: za kanseri, gutakaza ubushobozi bw’umubiri bwo kurwanya indwara ku buryo indwara zandura zikwirakwira, cyangwa hakabaho ibibazo byinshi byo kubyara abana bafite inenge. Nanone kandi, utunyabuzima duto cyane dukenerwa kugira ngo ibidukikije bibeho, dushobora kuzapfa.” Ikintu cya gatatu Mr. Leslie yavuze ko gishobora kuzabaho, ni uko nyakotsi cyangwa umwe mu mibumbe mito ushobora kuzahanukira isi: “ku bihereranye na za nyakotsi n’iyo mibumbe mito bifite inzira bizengurukamo ifite ukuntu iteye ku buryo umunsi umwe bishobora kuzagonga Isi, hashobora kuba hariho ibibarirwa hafi mu bihumbi bibiri, bifite umurambararo uri hagati ya kirometero 1 n’ibirometero 10. Nanone kandi, hari izindi zirushijeho kuba nke cyane (kugereranya umubare wazo byaba ari ugufindafinda), ariko zikaba ari zo zirushijeho kuba nini, hamwe n’izindi nyinshi kurushaho ariko zirushijeho kuba nto.”

Ibisobanuro Byumvikana Neza ku Bihereranye n’ “Umunsi w’Urubanza”

Cyangwa nanone, reka turebe undi muhanga mu bya siyansi, witwa Paul Davies, akaba umwarimu muri Kaminuza y’i Adelaide, ho muri Ositaraliya. Ikinyamakuru Washington Times cyamuvuzeho ko ari “we mwanditsi w’ibya siyansi mwiza cyane kurusha abandi ku isi hose.” Mu mwaka wa 1994, yanditse igitabo cyitwa The Last Three Minutes, ari na cyo cyaje kwitwa “nyina w’ibitabo byose bivuga iby’umunsi w’urubanza.” Igice cya mbere cy’icyo gitabo cyitwa “Umunsi w’Urubanza,” kandi kirimo inkuru y’impimbano y’ukuntu ibintu bishobora kuzagenda, mu gihe nyakotsi yaba igonze umubumbe w’Isi. Isomere igice cy’iyo nkuru ye iteye ubwoba:

“Umubumbe utigishijwe n’imbaraga zingana n’iz’imitingito y’isi ibihumbi icumi. Inkubi y’umuyaga mwinshi iyogoje isi yose, isenyagura amazu, igurukana ikintu cyose ihuye na cyo. Ubutaka bushashe bwo mu gace kari gakikije aho nyakotsi isekuye, buratumburutse bumeze nk’ibisozi by’urusukume bikikije aho hantu, bugera mu birometero byinshi mu kirere, aho buvuye hasigara icyobo gifite umurambararo w’ibirometero 150. . . . Igicu kinini cy’umukungugu w’ibyamanyaguritse ku isi kirirenga mu kirere, gipfukirana izuba ku isi hose. Hanyuma noneho, urumuri rw’izuba rusimbuwe n’ibikezikezi birabya bya za kibonumwe zigera kuri miriyari, mu gihe ubushyuhe bwazo butwika burimo bubabura isi, ari nako ibimanyu byari byavuye ku isi birimo bigaruka bihanukira mu kirere.”

Uwo mwarimu wo muri kaminuza witwa Davies akomeza ahuza iyo nkuru y’impimbano y’ibintu bishobora kuzabaho n’ubuhanuzi bwavugaga ko nyakotsi yitwa Swift-Tuttle izagonga isi. Yongeyeho umuburo avuga ko n’ubwo ibyo bintu bishobora gusa n’aho bitazabaho vuba, ariko ko we abona ko “byateba byatebuka, amaherezo Swift-Tuttle cyangwa ikindi kintu kimeze nka yo, kizagonga Isi.” Umwanzuro we ushingiye ku bitekerezo byo kugenekereza, bivuga ko hari ibintu bigera ku 10.000 cyangwa birenzeho, bigiye bifite umurambararo wa metero 500, bigenda bizenguruka binyuranamo n’Isi.

Mbese, wemera ko ibyo bintu biteye ubwoba abantu biteze, ari iby’ukuri? Abantu benshi cyane barabyemera. Ariko kandi, bikuramo ibyo guhangayika mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, bishyiramo ko bitazaba bakiriho. Ariko se, kuki umubumbe w’Isi wagomba kuzarimbuka—haba vuba aha cyangwa mu myaka ibarirwa mu bihumbi uhereye ubu? Nta gushidikanya, isi ubwayo si yo nyirabayazana w’ibanze w’ingorane zugarije abayituye, baba abantu cyangwa inyamaswa. Mbese ye, umuntu ubwe si we ahubwo ugomba kuryozwa inyinshi mu ngorane zo muri iki kinyejana cya 20, hakubiyemo no kuba ashobora ‘kuzarimbura isi’ burundu?—Ibyahishuwe 11:18.

Ibyo Abantu Bakoze mu Gufata Nabi Isi Bishobora Kuvugururwa

Bite se ku bihereranye n’uko abantu ubwabo bashobora kurimbura cyangwa kwangiza burundu isi, bitewe no kuyifata nabi hamwe n’umururumba? Birumvikana ko hari uduce tw’isi twamaze kurimburwa mu buryo bukomeye binyuriye mu gutsemba amashyamba birenze urugero, guhumanya ikirere mu buryo butagira rutangira, no mu kwangiza inyanja n’inzuzi. Mu myaka 25 ishize, ibyo byari byaravuzwe mu magambo make n’umwanditsi Barbara Ward n’undi witwa René Dubos, mu gitabo cyabo cyitwa Only One Earth, bagira bati “birumvikana ko ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi bihumanywa tugomba gusuzuma—ni ukuvuga umwuka, amazi n’ubutaka—ari byo bintu bitatu by’ibanze bigize ubuzima bwo kuri iyi si yacu.” Kandi kuva icyo gihe, nta kintu kigaragara imimerere yahindutseho, ngo irusheho kuba myiza; si byo se?

Mu gihe dusuzuma ibirebana n’uko abantu bashobora kuzarimbura isi bitewe n’ubugoryi bwabo, dushobora kuremwa agatima no gusuzuma ubushobozi butangaje umubumbe w’Isi ufite bwo kwisubira no kwisana. Mu kuvuga iby’ubwo bushobozi bwo kugarura ubuyanja mu buryo butangaje, René Dubos yanditse mu kindi gitabo cyitwa The Resilience of Ecosystems, maze avuga aya magambo ateye inkunga:

“Abantu benshi bafite ubwoba bw’uko ibyo guhumanya ibidukikije byaba byaramenyekanye bitinze cyane, bitewe n’uko ibyinshi mu byamaze kwangirika ku bihereranye n’indiribuzima, bitagifite igaruriro. Uko mbyumva, iyo mitekerereze yo kwiheba nta shingiro ifite, bitewe n’uko indiribuzima zifite ubushobozi buhambaye bwo kwisubira, nyuma y’ibintu byazononnye cyane.

“Indiribuzima zifite imikorere myinshi yo kwiyondora. . . . Iyo mikorere ituma indiribuzima zinesha ingaruka zo guhohoterwa, binyuriye gusa mu gusubirana buhoro buhoro imimerere ya mbere y’ibinyabuzima byari bihari.”

Bishobora Gukorwa

Urugero ruhebuje rw’ibyo ngibyo rwo mu myaka ya vuba aha, ni urw’igikorwa cyo gusukura buhoro buhoro uruzi ruzwi cyane rw’i Londres, rwitwa Thames. Igitabo cyitwa The Thames Transformed, cyanditswe na Jeffery Harrison hamwe na Peter Grant, cyavuze iby’icyo gikorwa cyagezweho gitangaje kigaragaza ibishobora gukorwa mu gihe abantu bashyize hamwe, bagamije inyungu za rubanda rwose. Umutware w’Umwongereza w’akarere ka Edinburgh, yanditse mu ijambo ry’ibanze ry’icyo gitabo agira ati “amaherezo, iki noneho ni igikorwa kigezweho cyo mu rwego ruhanitse cyane ku buryo gikwiriye gutangazwa, n’ubwo bishobora gutuma abantu bamwe bumva ko burya bwose ingorane abantu bahura na zo mu mihati yo kurwana ku bidukikije zidakabije cyane nk’uko bajyaga babibwirwa. . . . Bose bashobora kuremwa agatima n’ibyagezweho mu ruzi rwa Thames. Ikintu gishimishije nababwira, ni uko bene ibyo bintu bishobora gukorwa, kandi ingamba zabo na zo zishobora kugira icyo zigeraho.”

Mu gice kivuga ngo “Isukura Rikomeye,” Harrison na Grant banditse babigiranye igishyuhirane ku bihereranye n’ibyagezweho mu myaka isaga 50 ishize, bagira bati “ni ubwa mbere mu mateka y’isi uruzi rwari rwarahumanyijwe kandi rukangizwa n’inganda mu buryo bukabije rwongera gutunganywa neza, ku buryo inyoni zo mu mazi n’amafi byarugarutsemo ari byinshi. Kuba iryo hinduka ryarakozwe mu buryo bwihuse cyane kandi mu mimerere yabanje gusa n’aho nta cyizere itanga, bitera inkunga ndetse n’umuntu wiyemeje kurwana ku nyamaswa wari warihebye kurusha abandi bose.”

Hanyuma, bavuze ukuntu imirimo yo kuhatunganya yagenze, bagira bati “imimerere y’urwo ruzi ntiyasibaga kugenda irushaho kwangirika uko imyaka yagendaga ihita, bitewe n’icyo umuntu yakwita amakuba ya nyuma yabaye mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, igihe inyubako n’imiyoboro byinshi byagenewe kuyoborwamo amazi kugira ngo asukurwe byangizwaga cyangwa bigasenywa. Mu myaka ya za 40 n’iya za 50, ubuzima bwo muri Thames bwari bwarakendereye cyane. Urwo ruzi rwari rusigaye rumeze nka ruhurura itwara ibizi by’umwanda; amazi yarwo yari umukara, atagira umwuka wa ogisijeni, kandi mu mezi yo mu mpeshyi, umunuko uvuye muri Thames waratongoraga ukagera kure. . . . Amafi yari yarahoze ari menshi cyane yaje kugera ubwo ashiramo, usibye amafi make yo mu bwoko bw’inshonzi yashoboye kurokoka, bitewe n’uko afite ubushobozi bwo guhumeka umwuka w’imusozi. Inyoni zabaga mu miyoboro yubakiye y’urwo ruzi iri hagati ya Londres na Woolwich, zari udushubangeri n’ibisiga bike byo mu bwoko bw’ibishuhe binini, kandi byatungwaga n’ubuvungukira bwahanukaga ku nkuta zihakikije, aho gutungwa n’ibyo kurya byazo byakabaye mu mazi. . . . None se, ni nde washoboraga kwiyumvisha ihinduka ritangaje ryari rigiye kubaho? Iyo miyoboro y’urwo ruzi yahinduwe mu myaka icumi, ireka kuba ahantu mu by’ukuri hataba inyoni, ahubwo ihinduka ubuhungiro bw’inyoni z’amoko menshi zo mu mazi, hakubiyemo n’inyoni zo mu ishyamba zisaga 10.000 ziza kuhaba mu gihe cy’itumba, n’izindi zigera ku 12.000 zo mu bwoko bwa za nyiramurobyi.”

Birumvikana ko havuzwe ihinduka rimwe gusa ryabaye mu gace gato kamwe gusa k’isi. Ariko rero, dushobora kuvana isomo kuri urwo rugero. Ruragaragaza ko umubumbe w’Isi utagomba kubonwa ko ari uwo kurimburwa bitewe no gufatwa nabi, umururumba n’ubugoryi bw’abantu. Guhabwa inyigisho zikwiriye no gushyira hamwe ku bw’inyungu z’abantu bose muri rusange, bishobora gutuma isi yisubira, igakira ubusembwa bukomeye yatewe ku birebana n’ibinyabuzima biyiriho, ibiyikikije n’ubutaka bwayo. Ariko se, bimeze bite ku bihereranye no kuba isi ishobora kuzarimburwa n’ibintu biturutse ahandi, urugero nka nyakotsi cyangwa umwe mu mibumbe mito izerera mu kirere?

Igice gikurikira, gikubiyemo uburyo bwo kubona igisubizo gishimishije cy’icyo kibazo cy’ingorabahizi.

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 5]

Guhabwa inyigisho zikwiriye no gushyira hamwe ku bw’inyungu z’abantu bose muri rusange, bishobora gutuma isi yisubira, igakira ubusembwa bukomeye yatewe