Ikintu Kitazibagirana mu Mateka y’Abakunda Ijambo ry’Imana

Mu mwaka wa 1998, habayeho ikintu gikomeye kitazibagirana mu mateka y’abantu bose bakunda Ijambo ry’Imana. Muri uwo mwaka, kopi yuzuza miriyoni 100 za Bibiliya yitwa “New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures,” yasohotse mu icapiro. Bityo, yabaye imwe muri za Bibiliya zakwirakwijwe mu rugero rwagutse kurusha izindi muri iki kinyejana!

ICYO gikorwa kirahambaye mu buryo bwihariye, cyane cyane iyo uzirikanye ko igihe ubwo buhinduzi bwasohokaga bwahanganye n’ijora rikaze. Ariko kandi, ntibwarokotse gusa, ahubwo bwarasagambye, buragenda bugera mu ngo zibarirwa muri za miriyoni​—no mu mitima ibarirwa muri za miriyoni​—hirya no hino ku isi! None se, ubwo buhinduzi bwihariye bwaturutse he? Ni nde tubukesha? Kandi se, ni gute wakungukirwa no kubukoresha?

Kuki Byabaye Ngombwa ko Habaho Ubuhinduzi Bushya?

Umuryango wa Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, urwego ruhagarariye Abahamya ba Yehova mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, umaze imyaka isaga ijana ukwirakwiza za Bibiliya. Ariko se, kuki Abahamya ba Yehova basanze ari ngombwa kugira ubundi buhinduzi bw’Ijambo ry’Imana? Igitabo cyitwa So Many Versions?, cyanditswe na Sakae Kubo afatanyije na Walter Specht, cyagize kiti “nta buhinduzi bwa Bibiliya wavuga ko ari bwo bwa nyuma. Ubuhinduzi bugomba kugendana n’ukwiyongera k’ubumenyi mu byerekeranye na Bibiliya hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ururimi.”

Muri iki kinyejana, uburyo bwo gusobanukirwa Igiheburayo, Ikigiriki n’Icyarameya​—indimi Bibiliya y’umwimerere yanditswemo, bwariyongereye mu buryo butangaje. Nanone kandi, havumbuwe inyandiko za Bibiliya zandikishijwe intoki za kera cyane kandi zivuga ukuri kurusha izakoreshwaga n’abahinduzi ba Bibiliya bo mu bihe byo hambere. Bityo rero, muri iki gihe Ijambo ry’Imana rishobora guhindurwa mu buryo buhuje n’ukuri kurusha mbere hose! Ku bw’ibyo rero, hari impamvu zumvikana zatumye Komite Ishinzwe Guhindura Bibiliya yitwa New World Translation ishyirwaho, kugira ngo itangire umurimo wo guhindura Bibiliya mu ndimi zivugwa muri iki gihe.

Mu mwaka wa 1950, hasohotse ubuhinduzi bwo mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza bwa Bibiliya yitwa New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures. Umutwe wabwo ubwawo wagaragazaga umwuka w’ubutwari wo guca ukubiri n’imigenzo, bwanga ibyo kugaragaza Bibiliya nk’aho igizwe n’isezerano rya “Kera” n’isezerano “Rishya.” Mu myaka icumi yakurikiyeho, ibice bimwe na bimwe byo mu Byanditswe bya Giheburayo byagiye bisohoka mu byiciro bitandukanye. Mu mwaka wa 1961, Bibiliya yose yuzuye mu Cyongereza yasohotse mu mubumbe umwe.

Ariko se, ni nde wahinduye iyo Bibiliya idasanzwe? Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 15 Mutarama 1951 (mu Gifaransa) wagize uti “abantu bagize komite y’ubuhinduzi bagaragaje icyifuzo cyabo . . . cyo kutavugwa amazina, kandi mu buryo bwihariye, ntibifuza ko amazina yabo atangazwa haba mu gihe bakiriho cyangwa nyuma y’urupfu rwabo. Intego y’ubwo buhinduzi ni iyo guhimbaza izina ry’Imana nzima kandi y’ukuri.” Abantu bamwe na bamwe bajora bashinje ubwo buhinduzi ko bugomba kuba bwarakozwe huti huti, bukozwe n’abantu badafite ubuhanga kandi batabizobereyemo, ariko si ko bose bagize bene iyo myifatire irangwa no kudashyira mu gaciro. Uwitwa Alan S. Duthie yanditse agira ati “iyo tuzi abahinduzi cyangwa abasohoye ubuhinduzi runaka bwa Bibiliya abo ari bo, mbese, ibyo bidufasha kumenya niba ubwo buhinduzi ari bwiza cyangwa ari bubi? Si ko bihita bigenda. Nta kintu cyasimbura ibyo gusuzuma ibintu biranga buri buhinduzi ubwabwo.”a

Ibintu Byihariye Biburanga

Abasomyi babarirwa muri za miriyoni barabusuzumye, maze batahura ko New World Translation idasomeka mu buryo bworoshye gusa, ahubwo ko inavuga ukuri mu buryo bunonosoye. Abahinduzi bayo bahinduye bahereye ku ndimi z’umwimerere z’Igiheburayo, Icyarameya n’Ikigiriki, kandi bakoresha imyandiko myiza cyane kurusha iyindi yose iboneka.b Nanone kandi, hakoreshejwe ubwitonzi budasanzwe kugira ngo umwandiko wa kera uhindurwe uko wakabaye uko bishoboka kose, ariko mu rurimi rushobora kumvikana mu buryo bworoshye. Ku bw’iyo mpamvu, intiti zimwe na zimwe zashimagije ubwo buhinduzi bitewe n’ukuntu bwiringirwa kandi bukaba buvuga ibintu mu buryo nyakuri. Urugero, ikinyamakuru cyitwa Andover Newton Quarterly cyo muri Mutarama 1963, cyagize kiti “ubuhinduzi bw’Isezerano Rishya ni igihamya cy’uko muri iryo dini harimo intiti zishoboye guhangana mu buryo burangwa n’ubuhanga n’ibibazo byinshi byerekeranye no guhindura Bibiliya.”

Abahinduzi bazanye urwego rushya mu birebana no gusobanukirwa Bibiliya. Imirongo ya Bibiliya mbere y’aho yari yarahoze itumvikana neza, yarasobanutse neza cyane mu buryo butangaje. Urugero, umurongo ukomeye wo muri Matayo 5:3, uvuga ngo “abafite umugisha ni abakene mu mwuka” (King James Version), wahinduwe mu buryo bwatumye wumvikana, muri aya magambo ngo “abafite ibyishimo ni abazi ko bakeneye ibintu byo mu buryo bw’umwuka.” Nanone kandi, New World Translation ihindura amagambo y’ingenzi mu buryo budahindagurika kandi buhuye. Urugero, ijambo ry’Ikigiriki psy·kheʹ, ryahinduwemo “ubugingo” aho riboneka hose. Ibyo bituma abasomyi bashobora guhita basobanukirwa ko, mu buryo bunyuranye n’inyigisho z’amadini, ubugingo bupfa.​—Matayo 2:20; Mariko 3:4; Luka 6:9; 17:33.

Gusubiza Izina ry’Imana mu Mwanya Waryo

Ikintu cy’ingenzi kiranga New World Translation, cyari gihereranye no gusubiza izina ry’Imana, ari ryo Yehova, mu mwanya waryo. Muri kopi za kera za Bibiliya y’Igiheburayo, izina ry’Imana rigaragazwa n’ingombajwi enye zishobora kwandikwa ngo YHWH cyangwa JHVH. Iryo zina ryihariye, riboneka incuro zigera hafi ku 7.000 mu cyitwa Isezerano rya Kera honyine (Kuva 3:15; Zaburi 83:18). Uko bigaragara, Umuremyi wacu yashakaga ko abamusenga bamenya izina rye kandi bakarikoresha!

Ariko kandi, ubwoba bushingiye ku miziririzo bwatumye Abayahudi bareka gukoresha izina ry’Imana. Nyuma y’urupfu rw’intumwa za Yesu, abandukuzi b’Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki batangiye gusimbuza izina bwite ry’Imana amagambo y’Ikigiriki Kyʹri·os (Umwami) cyangwa The·osʹ (Imana). Ikibabaje ni uko n’abahinduzi bo muri iki gihe bakomeje uwo mugenzo usuzuguza Imana, bakavana izina ry’Imana muri za Bibiliya hafi ya zose, ndetse bakanahisha ko Imana igira izina. Urugero, muri Yohana 17:6 hari amagambo ya Yesu agira ati ‘namenyekanishije izina ryawe.’ Ariko kandi, Bibiliya yitwa Today’s English Version, ihahindura itya ngo “narakumenyekanishije.”

Intiti zimwe na zimwe zishyigikira ibyo kuvanaho izina ry’Imana kubera ko uburyo nyabwo bwo kurivuga butazwi. Ariko kandi, amazina yo muri Bibiliya tuzi cyane, urugero nka Yeremiya, Yesaya na Yesu, ubusanzwe ahindurwa mu buryo butuma nibura agira agasanira gato n’ukuntu yavugwaga mu buryo bw’umwimerere mu Giheburayo. Kubera ko Yehova ari bwo buryo bwemewe bwo guhindura izina ry’Imana​—kandi akaba ari bwo abantu benshi bamenyereye​—abarwanya ibyo kurikoresha nta shingiro bafite na mba.

Abagize Komite Ishinzwe Guhindura Bibiliya yitwa New World Translation, bateye intambwe igaragaza ubushizi bw’amanga yo gukoresha izina Yehova, haba mu Byanditswe bya Giheburayo no mu Byanditswe bya Kigiriki. Bari bafite urugero rw’abababanjirije mu bihereranye n’ibyo, mu buhinduzi bw’abamisiyonari bo hambere bwari bugenewe abantu bo muri Amerika yo Hagati, Pasifika y’Amajyepfo no mu karere k’u Burasirazuba. Ariko kandi, bene uko gukoresha izina ry’Imana si ibintu bidushishikaza mu buryo bwo kugwiza ubwenge gusa. Kumenya izina ry’Imana ni iby’ingenzi kugira ngo tumenye ko iriho koko, ko ifite kamere runaka (Kuva 34:6, 7). New World Translation yateye abasomyi babarirwa muri za miriyoni inkunga yo gukoresha izina ryayo!

Uko Yaje Kugera ku Basomyi Batavuga Icyongereza

Hagati y’umwaka wa 1963 na 1989, New World Translation yabonetse yose uko yakabaye cyangwa igice cyayo mu ndimi icumi z’inyongera. Ariko kandi, umurimo wo guhindura wari uruhije cyane, ndetse hamwe na hamwe wagiye umara imyaka 20 cyangwa irenga. Hanyuma, mu mwaka wa 1989, ku biro bikuru by’Abahamya ba Yehova byo mu rwego rw’isi yose, hashinzwe Urwego Rushinzwe Imirimo Irebana n’Ubuhinduzi. Urwo rwego rwatangiye kwihutisha imirimo yo guhindura Bibiliya ruyobowe na Komite Ishinzwe Ubwanditsi y’Inteko Nyobozi. Hashyizweho uburyo bwo guhindura bwakomatanyirizaga hamwe ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku magambo ya Bibiliya hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya za orudinateri. Ubwo buryo bukora bute?

Iyo Komite Ishinzwe Ubwanditsi imaze kwemera ko Bibiliya ihindurwa mu rundi rurimi, ishyiraho itsinda ry’Abakristo bitanze, kugira ngo bakore ikipi y’ubuhinduzi. Amakipi ashobora gukora ubuhinduzi bushyize mu gaciro kurusha abantu bakora ku giti cyabo bari bonyine. (Gereranya n’Imigani 11:14.) Ubusanzwe, buri wese mu bagize ikipi aba yari asanganywe ubumenyi runaka mu bihereranye no guhindura ibitabo bya Sosayiti. Hanyuma, iyo kipi ihabwa imyitozo inonosoye mu birebana n’amabwiriza yo guhindura Bibiliya no mu bihereranye no gukoresha porogaramu za orudinateri ziba zaragenewe uwo murimo mu buryo bwihariye. Mu by’ukuri, orudinateri ntikora umurimo w’ubuhinduzi nyir’izina, ahubwo ishobora gutuma abagize ikipi babona ibisobanuro by’ingenzi kandi ikabafasha kwandika imyanzuro yabo.

Umurimo wo guhindura Bibiliya ugira ibyiciro bibiri. Mu cyiciro cya mbere, abahinduzi bahabwa urutonde rw’amagambo n’imvugo byakoreshejwe muri New World Translation yo mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza. Amagambo y’Icyongereza afitanye isano ashyirwa hamwe, urugero nka “atone” (guhongerera), “atonement” (impongano) na “Propitiation” (gucururutsa), ashyirwa hamwe, bigatuma abahinduzi baba maso ku birebana n’itandukaniro rififitse rishobora kuba riri mu bisobanuro byayo. Bakora urutonde rw’amagambo asobanura kimwe n’ayo mu rurimi bahinduramo. Rimwe na rimwe ariko, hari ubwo umuhinduzi ashobora kugira ingorane zo guhindura umurongo runaka. Porogaramu ya orudinateri y’ubushakashatsi ituma umuhinduzi abona ibisobanuro ku magambo y’Ikigiriki n’Igiheburayo, kandi igatuma ashobora kubona aho yakoreshejwe mu bitabo bya Watch Tower.

Iyo umurimo ugeze mu cyiciro cya kabiri, amagambo yatoranyijwe yo mu rurimi bahinduramo ahita yinjizwa mu mwandiko wa Bibiliya. Ibyo bituma mu buhinduzi habonekamo amagambo ahinduwe mu buryo nyakuri mu rugero ruhanitse, kandi adahindagurika. Icyakora, umwandiko uboneka iyo bamaze gusimbuza amagambo y’Icyongereza ayo mu rurimi bahinduramo bakoresheje orudinateri, ntusomeka. Hagomba gukorwa akazi kenshi ko kwandika no kongera gushyira mu nteruro imirongo ya Bibiliya kugira ngo isomeke mu buryo bworoshye.

Ubwo buryo bwo guhindura bwagaragaye ko bugira ingaruka nziza mu buryo butangaje. Hari itsinda rimwe ryashoboye guhindura Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo mu myaka ibiri gusa. Rigereranye noneho n’itsinda ryayihinduye mu rurimi rufitanye isano n’urwo ridafite orudinateri. Byaritwaye imyaka 16. Kugeza ubu, Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo byacapwe mu zindi ndimi zigera kuri 18 uhereye mu mwaka wa 1989. New World Translation yuzuye cyangwa igice cyayo, ubu iboneka mu ndimi zigera kuri 34. Ku bw’ibyo rero, Abahamya ba Yehova basaga 80 ku ijana bafite nibura Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo mu rurimi rwabo kavukire.

Imiryango ya Bibiliya Yunze Ubumwe ivuga ko mu ndimi 6.500 zivugwa ku isi, ibice by’inyandiko za Bibiliya biboneka mu ndimi 2.212 gusa.c Ku bw’ibyo, abahinduzi bagera ku 100 barimo barakorana umwete kugira ngo bahindure New World Translation, Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo mu ndimi 11 n’ibya Kigiriki mu ndimi 8. Icyo Imana ishaka ni uko “abantu bose bakizwa bakamenya ukuri” (1 Timoteyo 2:4). Nta gushidikanya, New World Translation izakomeza kugira uruhare rugaragara mu bihereranye n’ibyo.

Ni yo mpamvu twishimira kuba ubwo buhinduzi bwarageze ku kintu kitazibagirana mu mateka, ubwo kopi miriyoni 100 zuzuraga, kandi dusenga dusaba ko miriyoni nyinshi kurushaho zazasohoka mu gihe kiri imbere. Turagutera inkunga yo kuyisuzumira ubwawe. Uzishimira ibintu byinshi byihariye biyiranga: inyuguti zisomeka neza, imitwe iri ahagana hejuru ku mapaji, irangiro rishobora kugufasha kubona imirongo izwi cyane, amakarita asobanutse neza hamwe n’umugereka urimo ibintu bishishikaje. Icy’ingenzi kurushaho, ushobora gusoma iyo Bibiliya wizeye ko irimo ikubwira amagambo y’Imana mu rurimi rwawe mu buryo buhuje n’ukuri.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 29]

“Ubuhinduzi bw’Isezerano Rishya ni igihamya kigaragaza ko muri iryo dini harimo intiti zishoboye guhangana mu buryo burangwa n’ubuhanga, n’ibibazo byinshi byerekeranye no guhindura Bibiliya.”​—Byavuye mu kinyamakuru cyitwa Andover Newton Quarterly cyo muri Mutarama 1963

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 30]

“Ubuhinduzi bugomba kugendana n’ukwiyongera k’ubumenyi mu byerekeranye na Bibiliya hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’ururimi”

[Agasanduku/​Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 31]

INTITI ZISHIMAGIZA NEW WORLD TRANSLATION

UWITWA Edgar J. Goodspeed, akaba ari umuhinduzi w’ “Isezerano Rishya” rya Kigiriki muri Bibiliya yitwa An American Translation, yerekeje kuri New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures mu ibaruwa yanditse yo ku itariki ya 8 Ukuboza 1950, agira ati “nshishikajwe n’umurimo abantu banyu bakoze, hamwe n’ukuntu ari uwo mu rwego rw’isi yose, kandi cyane cyane nshimishijwe n’ukuntu ubwo buhinduzi budahindura ijambo ku ijambo, bukaba buvuga ukuri kandi bushishikaje. Nshobora guhamya ko bugaragaza ko hakozwe ubushakashatsi bunonosoye mu bintu byinshi, kandi buzira amakemwa.”

Intiti mu rurimi rw’Igiheburayo n’Ikigiriki yitwa Alexander Thomson yanditse igira iti “uko bigaragara, buriya buhinduzi bwakozwe n’intiti zibifitemo ubuhanga n’ubwenge, zashakishije ukuntu zakumvikanisha igitekerezo nyakuri cy’umwandiko w’Ikigiriki uko ururimi rw’Icyongereza rushobora kucyumvikanisha kose.​—Byavuye mu kinyamakuru cyitwa The Differentiator, cyo muri Mata 1952, ku ipaji ya 52-57.

Mu mwaka wa 1989, umwarimu wo muri kaminuza witwa Benjamin Kedar, akaba ari intiti mu rurimi rw’Igiheburayo muri Isirayeli, yagize ati “mu bushakashatsi mu by’iyigandimi nkora ku byerekeranye na Bibiliya y’Igiheburayo hamwe n’ubuhinduzi, akenshi nerekeza kuri Bibiliya y’Icyongereza yitwa New World Translation. Mu kubigenza ntyo, buri gihe ngenda ndushaho kugira icyizere cy’uko ubwo buhinduzi bugaragaza ko hashyizweho imihati itarangwa n’uburyarya mu kumva umwandiko mu buryo buhuje n’ukuri uko bishoboka kose.”