Kuki Hariho Icyuka Cyo Gutinya Apocalypse?

UWITWA Damian Thompson, akaba ari umwanditsi wandika ibihereranye n’idini mu igazeti yitwa Time, yagize ati “hashize imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, Abakristo batsimbarara ku bitekerezo byabo bahanura ko [mu buryo runaka] umuryango w’abantu uri hafi gusenyuka mu rugero rwagutse. Ubu ikintu kibatangaza, ni ukubona ukuntu abantu bahoze babakoba: ni ukuvuga abakora za porogaramu za orudinateri, abacuruzi b’ibirangirire hamwe n’abanyapolitiki, badafatana uburemere ibyo bintu gusa, ahubwo akaba ari bo basigaye babikwirakwiza.” Yavuze ko gutinya ko mu mwaka wa 2000 za orudinateri zo ku isi hose zizananirwa gukora, “byatumye abantu batajyaga bakozwa ibihereranye n’idini bahinduka abafite ibyiringiro by’ubutegetsi bw’imyaka igihumbi mu buryo umuntu atakeka,” batinya ko hashobora kubaho amakuba runaka, wenda nko kuba “abantu bose bakuka umutima, ubutegetsi bukadohoka, hakabaho imyivumbagatanyo bitewe no kubura ibiribwa, indege zikagonga amagorofa maremare.”

Ikindi kintu gituma abantu muri rusange barushaho guhangayika, ni ibikorwa bibuza amahwemo bikorwa n’udutsiko duto two mu rwego rw’idini tunyuranye, akenshi bakunze kuvuga ko dusura apocalypse (soma apokalipsi), cyangwa twitwa “apocalyptique” (mu Gifaransa). Muri Mutarama 1999, mu ngingo yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Yerusalemu n’Impanda za Apocalypse,” ikinyamakuru cyo mu Bufaransa gisohoka buri munsi cyitwa Le Figaro cyagize kiti “inzego zishinzwe umutekano [zo muri Isirayeli] zivuga ko ugereranyije ‘abantu bafite ibyiringiro by’ubutegetsi bw’imyaka igihumbi’ bari ku Musozi wa Elayo cyangwa hafi yawo bategereje kugaruka kwa Yesu cyangwa apocalypse, basaga ijana.”

Igitabo cyitwa 1998 Britannica Book of the Year kirimo raporo yihariye ku bihereranye n’“Udutsiko tw’Ingirwadini Tuvuga Iby’Umunsi w’Urubanza.” Mu byo iyo raporo yavuze, harimo udutsiko tw’ingirwadini dukora ibikorwa byo kwiyahura, urugero nk’agatsiko k’ingirwadini kitwa Heaven’s Gate (Irembo Rigana mu Ijuru), akitwa People’s Temple (Urusengero rwa Rubanda), hamwe n’agatsiko kitwa Order of the Solar Temple (Ingabo z’Urusengero rw’Izuba), n’akitwa Aum Shinrikyo (Ukuri kw’Ikirenga) kateguye igikorwa cyo gusuka ibyuka by’uburozi byica muri gari ya moshi igendera munsi y’ubutaka i Tokyo mu mwaka wa 1995, byica abantu 12 kandi bituma abandi babarirwa mu bihumbi bakomereka. Uwitwa Martin E. Marty, akaba ari umwarimu wigisha iyobokamana muri Kaminuza y’i Chicago, yanditse mu buryo buhinnye ibikubiye muri iyo raporo muri aya magambo ngo “kwinjira mu mwaka wa 2000 ni ibintu byashyuhije imitwe y’abantu​—kandi nta gushidikanya, bizagira ingaruka ku buhanuzi hafi ya bwose n’udutsiko hafi ya twose. Hari tumwe na tumwe muri two dushobora kuzateza akaga. Kizaba ari igihe umuntu agomba kubamo maso.”

Amateka y’Icyuka cyo Gutinya Apocalypse

Apocalypse, cyangwa Ibyahishuwe, ni izina ry’igitabo cya nyuma cyo muri Bibiliya, cyanditswe ahagana ku iherezo ry’ikinyejana cya mbere I.C. Bitewe n’ukuntu icyo gitabo kivuga ibintu by’ubuhanuzi hamwe n’ukuntu gikoresha imvugo y’ikigererenyo mu rugero ruhambaye, ikinyazina apocalyptique cyaje kwerekezwa ku bwoko bw’ibitabo byatangiye kera cyane mbere y’uko igitabo cya Bibiliya cy’Ibyahishuwe cyandikwa. Uburyo bwo gukoresha imvugo y’ikigereranyo mu nkuru z’impimbano z’ibyo bitabo bwatangiriye mu Buperesi bwa kera, ndetse na mbere y’icyo gihe. Ku bw’ibyo, igitabo cyitwa The Jewish Encyclopedia kivuga ibihereranye n’“ibintu bigaragara neza biranga inkuru z’impimbano z’Abanyababuloni hafi ya zose byinjijwe muri ibyo bitabo [bya Kiyahudi bivuga ibihereranye na apocalypse].”

Ibitabo bya Kiyahudi bivuga ibihereranye na apocalypse byabaye byinshi kuva mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya kabiri M.I.C. kugeza mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya kabiri I.C. Mu gihe intiti imwe mu bya Bibiliya yasobanuraga impamvu y’ibyo bitabo, yaranditse iti “Abayahudi bagabanyaga igihe cyose uko cyakabaye mo ibihe bibiri. Hari hariho iki gihe cya none, kikaba ari kibi iyo kiva kikagera . . . Ku bw’ibyo rero, Abayahudi bategerezaga imperuka y’ibintu nk’uko biri. Hari hariho igihe kigomba kuzaza, kikaba ari igihe cyagombaga kuzaba ari cyiza cyose uko cyakabaye, igihe cyagenwe n’Imana cy’ibyishimo byinshi no kunyurwa, cyagombaga kurangwa n’amahoro, uburumbuke no gukiranuka . . . Ni gute iki gihe cya none cyari guhinduka igihe kigomba kuzaza? Abayahudi biringiraga ko iryo hinduka ritashoboraga na rimwe kuzigera rizanwa n’igikoresho cy’abantu, bityo rero, bategerezaga igihe Imana yari kuzagira icyo ikora mu buryo butaziguye. . . . Umunsi Imana yagombaga kuzaziraho witwaga Umunsi w’Umwami kandi wagombaga kuzaba ari igihe cy’amakuba akomeye cy’ubwoba no kurimbura no gucirwa urubanza, cyagombaga kuzaba ibise bisura igihe gishya. Ibitabo byose bivuga ibihereranye na apocalypse byibanda kuri ibyo bintu.”

Mbese, Icyuka cyo Gutinya Apocalypse Gifite Ishingiro?

Igitabo cya Bibiliya cy’Ibyahishuwe kivuga iby’‘intambara yo ku munsi ukomeye w’Imana Ishoborabyose,’ cyangwa Harimagedoni, muri iyo ntambara ababi bakaba bazarimburwa, hanyuma igakurikirwa n’igihe cy’imyaka igihumbi (rimwe na rimwe cyitwa Ubutegetsi bw’Imyaka Igihumbi, muri icyo gihe Satani akazajugunywa ikuzimu kandi Kristo akazacira abantu urubanza (Ibyahishuwe 16:14, 16; 20:1-4). Mu Gihe Rwagati, ubwo buhanuzi abantu bamwe na bamwe babwumvaga nabi, kubera ko Umugatolika witwaga “Mutagatifu” Augustin (354-430 I.C.) yari yaravuze ko Ubutegetsi bw’Imyaka Igihumbi bwari bwaratangiye igihe Kristo yavukaga, kandi ko bwari kuzakurikirwa n’Urubanza rwa Nyuma. Uko bigaragara, Augustin ntiyitaga cyane ku bihereranye n’igihe, ariko kandi uko imyaka 1000 yagendaga yegereza, ni na ko ubwoba bwiyongeraga. Abahanga mu by’amateka ntibemeranya ku birebana n’uburemere icyo cyuka cyo gutinya apocalypse cyariho mu Gihe Rwagati cyari gifite. Ariko kandi, n’ubwo cyari cyarakwiriye hose, cyagaragaye rwose ko nta shingiro cyari gifite.

Mu buryo nk’ubwo muri iki gihe, hari abantu b’abanyedini n’abatari abanyedini batinya ko mu mwaka wa 2000 cyangwa uwa 2001, hazabaho apocalypse iteye ubwoba. Ariko se, ubwo bwoba bufite ishingiro? Kandi se, ubutumwa bukubiye mu gitabo cya Bibiliya cy’Ibyahishuwe, cyangwa Apocalypse, ni ikintu dukwiye gutinya, cyangwa se ahubwo ni ikintu twagombye gutegerezanya amatsiko? Komeza usome.

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Icyuka cyariho mu Gihe Rwagati cyo gutinya Apocalypse cyagaragaye ko nta shingiro cyari gifite

[Aho ifoto yavuye]

Cliché Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris

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Maya/Sipa Press