Alitali ifite akahe kamaro mu gusenga?

MBESE, ubona ko igicaniro ari kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi bigize ugusenga kwawe? Ku bantu benshi bajya mu nsengero z’amadini yiyita ko ari aya Gikristo, igicaniro ni cyo kintu bashobora kuba bibandaho mu gusenga kwabo. Mbese, waba warigeze kwibaza icyo Bibiliya ihishura ku bihereranye no gukoresha igicaniro mu gusenga, bavuga ko ari cyo cyabaye inkomoko yo gukoresha alitali?

Igicaniro cya mbere kivugwa muri Bibiliya, ni icyo Nowa yubatse kugira ngo atambe ibitambo by’amatungo igihe yavaga mu nkuge nyuma y’umwuzure.a—Itangiriro 8:20.

Mu gihe Imana yari imaze kunyuranya indimi i Babeli, abantu baratatanye bakwirakwira ku isi (Itangiriro 11:1-9). Kubera ko Imana yabaremanye icyifuzo cyo gusenga, bashatse uburyo barushaho kuyegera, ‘bayishaka kugira ngo bayibone bakabakabye,’ dore ko batari bayizi neza (Ibyakozwe 17:27; Abaroma 2:14, 15). Uhereye mu minsi ya Nowa, hari abantu b’amoko menshi bagiye bubakira ibigirwamana byabo ibicaniro. Abantu b’amadini anyuranye n’imico inyuranye, bagiye bakoresha ibicaniro mu gusenga kw’ikinyoma. Kubera ko abantu bari baritandukanyije n’Imana y’ukuri, bamwe bakoreraga imigenzo iteye ishozi kuri ibyo bicaniro, bakahatambira abantu, ndetse n’abana. Igihe abami bamwe ba Isirayeli bateraga Yehova umugongo, bubakiraga imana z’ibinyoma ibicaniro, urugero nka Baali (1 Abami 16:29-32). Ariko se, byifashe bite ku bihereranye no gukoresha ibicaniro mu gusenga k’ukuri?

Ibicaniro n’ugusenga k’ukuri muri Isirayeli

Nyuma ya Nowa, hari abandi bantu bizerwa bubatse ibicaniro kugira ngo babikoreshe mu gusenga Imana y’ukuri, Yehova. Aburahamu yubatse ibicaniro i Shekemu hafi y’i Beteli, i Heburoni no ku Musozi Moriya, ari wo yatambiyeho imfizi y’intama yari ahawe n’Imana aho kugira ngo atambe Isaka. Nyuma y’aho, Isaka, Yakobo na Mose, imitima yabo yabasunikiye kubaka ibicaniro kugira ngo babikoreshe mu gusenga Imana.—Itangiriro 12:6-8; 13:3, 18; 22:9-13; 26:23-25; 33:18-20; 35:1, 3, 7; Kuva 17:15, 16; 24:4-8.

Igihe Imana yahaga ubwoko bwa Isirayeli amategeko yayo, yabategetse ko bayubakira ubuturo, rikaba ryari ihema ryimukanwaga, ari na ryo bitaga “ihema ry’ibonaniro,” bukaba bwari uburyo bw’ibanze Imana yari yarahisemo kugira ngo bayegere (Kuva 39:32, 40). Ubwo buturo cyangwa ihema, bwari bufite ibicaniro bibiri. Kimwe cyari kigenewe ibitambo byoswa, kikaba cyari gikozwe mu giti cy’umushita kandi kiyagirijweho umuringa, cyabaga imbere y’umuryango kandi kigatambirwaho ibitambo by’amatungo (Kuva 27:1-8; 39:39; 40:6, 29). Igicaniro cy’imibavu, na cyo cyari gikozwe mu giti cy’umushita ariko cyo kikaba cyari kiyagirijweho zahabu; cyari mu buturo, inyuma y’umwenda ukingiriza Ahera Cyane (Kuva 30:1-6; 39:38; 40:5, 26, 27). Bacyoserezagaho imibavu idasanzwe kabiri ku munsi, mu gitondo na nimugoroba (Kuva 30:7-9). Urusengero Umwami Salomo yubatse rwubatswe hakurikijwe igishushanyo mbonera cy’ubuturo, na rwo rwari rufite ibicaniro bibiri.

“Ihema nyakuri” n’igicaniro cyo mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo

Igihe Yehova yahaga ubwoko bwe bw’Abisirayeli Amategeko, yabahaye ibirenze amategeko yari kuzajya agenga imibereho yabo, arebana n’uburyo bari kuzajya bamutambira ibitambo, n’uburyo bwo kumusenga. Ibyinshi mu byari biyakubiyemo, ni byo intumwa Pawulo yise “igishushanyo,” cyangwa “igicucu cy’ibyo mu ijuru” (Abaheburayo 8:3-5; 9:9; 10:1; Abakolosayi 2:17). Mu yandi magambo, ibintu byinshi byari bikubiye mu Mategeko ntibyayoboraga Abisirayeli ngo bibageze ku kuza kwa Kristo gusa, ahubwo nanone byari igicucu cy’imigambi y’Imana yagombaga gusohozwa binyuriye kuri Yesu Kristo (Abagalatiya 3:24). Ni koko, ibyari bikubiye mu Mategeko byari ubuhanuzi. Urugero, umwana w’intama wa Pasika, amaraso yawo akaba yarakoreshejwe kugira ngo abe ikimenyetso cyo kurokora Abisirayeli, washushanyaga Yesu Kristo. Ni “Umwana w’intama w’Imana, ukuraho ibyaha by’abari mu isi,” amaraso ye akaba yaramenetse kugira ngo atubature mu cyaha.—Yohana 1:29; Abefeso 1:7.

Ibintu byinshi byari bifitanye isano n’umurimo wakorerwaga mu buturo no mu rusengero, byashushanyaga ibintu byo mu buryo bw’umwuka byagombaga kuzabaho (Abaheburayo 8:5; 9:23). Koko rero, Pawulo yerekeje ku “ihema ry’ukuri, iryo abantu batabambye ahubwo ryabambwe n’Umwami Imana.” Yakomeje agira ati “Kristo amaze kuza, ahinduka umutambyi mukuru w’ibyiza bizaza, anyura mu ihema rirusha rya rindi gukomera no gutungana rwose ritaremwe n’intoki. Ibyo ni ukuvuga ngo ritari iryo mu byaremwe ibi” (Abaheburayo 8:2; 9:11). “Ihema rirusha rya rindi gukomera no gutungana rwose” ryavugwaga ni urusengero rukomeye rwo mu buryo bw’umwuka rwa Yehova. Ibyanditswe bigaragaza ko urusengero rukomeye rwo mu buryo bw’umwuka ari uburyo butuma abantu begera Yehova bishingiye ku gitambo cya Yesu Kristo cy’impongano y’ibyaha.—Abaheburayo 9:2-10, 23-28.

Kumenya tubikesheje Ijambo ry’Imana ko bimwe mu bintu byari bikubiye mu mategeko ya Mose n’amahame yari akubiyemo bishushanya ibintu bikomeye, bifite ireme kurushaho kandi byo mu buryo bw’umwuka, byagombaga kubaho, mu by’ukuri bituma turushaho kwizera ko Bibiliya yahumetswe. Nanone kandi, bituma turushaho guha agaciro ubwenge bw’Imana bugaragarira mu Byanditswe honyine.—Abaroma 11:33; 2 Timoteyo 3:16.

Igicaniro cy’ibitambo byoswa na cyo gifite agaciro ko mu buryo bw’ubuhanuzi. Gisa n’aho gishushanya “ugushaka” kw’Imana cyangwa kuba yiteguye kwemera igitambo gitunganye cya Yesu.—Abaheburayo 10:1-10.

Hanyuma, Pawulo yavuze ikintu gishishikaje mu gitabo cy’Abaheburayo agira ati “dufite igicaniro, icyo abakora umurimo wa rya hema ba[t]ahawe uburenganzira bwo kuriraho” (Abaheburayo 13:10). Ni ikihe gicaniro yerekezagaho? Mbese, yavugaga icyo ubu bita alitali”?

Abantu basobanura ibirebana n’idini rya Gatolika bavuga ko igicaniro kivugwa mu Baheburayo 13:10, ari na cyo bakoresha igihe batura igitambo cya Ukarisitiya, ni ukuvuga “isakaramentu” riba mu gihe batura igitambo cya Misa; bakavuga ko iyo Ukarisitiya iba yahindutse umubiri wa Yezu Kirisitu. Ariko kandi, ukurikije imirongo ihakikije ushobora kubona ko igicaniro Pawulo yavugaga cyari ikigereranyo. Intiti nyinshi zisobanura ko “igicaniro” kivugwa muri uwo murongo ari icyo mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo. Umuyezuwiti witwa Giuseppe Bonsirven agira ati “ibyo bihuza neza rwose n’izindi mvugo zo mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo ziri mu ibaruwa yandikiwe [Abaheburayo].” Yongeyeho ati “mu mvugo ya Gikristo, ijambo ‘igicaniro’ mbere na mbere ryakoreshejwe mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo; kereka gusa nyuma ya Irénée, ariko cyane cyane nyuma ya Tertullien na Mutagatifu Cyprien, ni bwo ryerekejwe kuri ukarisitiya, cyane cyane ariko ku meza bashyiraho ibyo bakoresha batura igitambo cy’Ukarisitiya.”

Dukurikije uko bivugwa n’ikinyamakuru cy’Abagatolika, gukoresha alitali byakwirakwiriye mu gihe cya “Konsitantino,” igihe ‘bubakaga za kiliziya zihambaye zo mu gihe cya mbere.’ Hari ikindi kinyamakuru kigira kiti “ni iby’ukuri ko ari nta muntu wavuga yemeza ko mu binyejana bibiri bya mbere, hariho ahantu hadahinduka ho gusengera. Ahubwo, amateraniro yo mu rwego rw’idini yaberaga mu mazu y’abantu bwite. . . , akaba yarahitaga akoreshwa imirimo yayo nyuma y’amateraniro.”​—Rivista di Archeologia Cristiana.

Uko amadini yiyita aya Gikristo akoresha alitali

Hari ikinyamakuru cy’Abagatolika kigira kiti “alitali si urufatiro rw’inyubako ya kiliziya gusa, ahubwo nanone ni kiliziya nzima” (La Civiltà Cattolica). Nyamara, Yesu Kristo ntiyigeze ashyiraho n’umuhango n’umwe wo mu rwego rw’idini wagombaga gukorerwa ku gicaniro, kandi nta nubwo yategetse abigishwa be kugira imihango bakorera ku gicaniro. Igicaniro Yesu yavuze muri Matayo 5:23, 24 hamwe n’ahandi, cyerekezaga ku bikorwa byo mu rwego rw’idini byari byogeye mu Bayahudi, ariko ntiyigeze agaragaza ko abigishwa be bagomba gusenga bakoresheje alitali.

Umuhanga mu by’amateka w’Umunyamerika witwa George Foot Moore, wabayeho hagati y’umwaka wa 1851 n’uwa 1931, yaranditse ati “ibintu by’ingenzi byari bigize ugusenga kwa Gikristo byahoze ari bimwe, ariko igihe cyarageze maze imihango idahambaye yavuzwe na Justin mu kinyejana cya kabiri rwagati, bayihinduramo imihango ihambaye.” Muri kiliziya Gatolika harimo imigenzo n’iminsi mikuru myinshi cyane utapfa gusobanukirwa, ku buryo muri seminari za kiliziya Gatolika harimo isomo rya liturujiya bigamo ibyerekeranye n’iyo mihango yose. Moore yakomeje agira ati “ibyo bintu byo kuremereza imihango yose byarushijeho gukomera igihe abantu bafatiraga ku bivugwa mu Isezerano rya Kera, bagatekereza ko abayobozi ba kiliziya ya Gikristo ari bo basimbuye abatambyi bo mu Isezerano rya Kera. Imyambaro myiza cyane y’umutambyi mukuru, imyambaro abandi batambyi bambaraga mu minsi mikuru, imitambagiro yakorwaga mu minsi mikuru, za korali z’abaririmbyi b’Abalewi baririmbaga za zaburi, umwotsi mwinshi w’imibavu waturukaga mu byotero bagendaga bazunguza, ibyo byose babonaga ko ari icyitegererezo Imana yatanze bagomba gukurikiza mu gusenga, bikaba ari na byo kiliziya iheraho isobanura impamvu igira imihango n’ibirori bisa n’iby’amadini ya gipagani ya kera.”

Ushobora gutangazwa no kumenya ko burya imihango, imyambaro, n’ibindi bintu amadini anyuranye akoresha mu gusenga, bidakurikiza inyigisho za Gikristo zo mu Mavanjiri, ahubwo ko bikurikiza imigenzo n’imihango yari iy’Abayahudi n’abapagani. Hari igitabo kivuga ko kuba Abagatolika ‘bakoresha alitali babikomoye mu idini rya Kiyahudi no mu rya gipagani’ (Enciclopedia Cattolica). Uwitwa Minucius Felix, umwe mu baharaniye ukwizera mu kinyejana cya gatatu igihe cyacu, yanditse ko ari nta ‘nsengero cyangwa za alitali Abakristo bagiraga.’ Ikindi gitabo na cyo cyagize kiti “Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere banze gukoresha ibicaniro kugira ngo bitandukanye n’ugusenga kw’idini rya Kiyahudi n’irya gipagani.”—Encyclopedic dictionary “Religioni e Miti.”

Kubera ko Ubukristo bwari bushingiye mbere na mbere ku mahame agomba kwemerwa, agashyirwa mu bikorwa mu mibereho ya buri munsi no muri buri gihugu, ntibyari kuba ngombwa ko hongera kubaho umurwa wera ku isi cyangwa urusengero rufite ibicaniro cyangwa se ngo rugire abatambyi b’abantu bambara imyambaro ibatandukanya n’abandi. Yesu yagize ati “igihe kizaza, ubwo bazaba batagisengera Data kuri uyu musozi cyangwa i Yerusalemu. . . . Abasenga by’ukuri basengera Data mu [m]wuka no mu kuri” (Yohana 4:21, 23). Kuba hari amadini menshi afite imihango igoye gusobanura kandi agakoresha ibicaniro, bigaragaza ko yirengagije ibyo Yesu yavuze ku bihereranye n’uburyo tugomba gusenga Imana y’ukuri.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]