Tumenye amabara n’imyambaro byo mu bihe bya Bibiliya

BIBILIYA ivuga ubwoko bw’imyenda abantu bambaraga mu binyejana byashize, amabara yayo n’icyo iyo myenda yabaga ikozwemo.

Birumvikana ko Bibiliya atari igitabo kivuga imideri n’imyambarire. Icyakora, ibisobanuro itanga bidufasha kumva neza inkuru zivugwamo, bigatuma umusomyi yiyumvisha neza ibyo asoma.

Urugero, muri Bibiliya dusangamo inkuru ivuga ukuntu Adamu na Eva baremekanyije ibibabi by’imitini bakabikenyera kugira ngo bahishe ubwambure bwabo. Icyakora nyuma yaho Imana yaje kubaha indi myambaro ikomeye, “imyambaro miremire y’impu.”​—Intangiriro 3:7, 21.

Nanone mu gitabo cyo Kuva igice cya 28 n’icya 29, havugwamo imyambaro y’umutambyi mukuru wo muri Isirayeli. Muri iyo myambaro, harimo umwenda uboshye mu budodo bwiza, ikanzu yera, imishumi iboheranyije, ikanzu y’ubururu itagira amaboko, efodi ifumye n’igitambaro cyo kwambara mu gituza, hamwe n’igitambaro cyo kuzingirwa ku mutwe kiriho igisate kirabagirana cya zahabu. Iyo dusomye ukuntu iyo myenda yabaga ikozwe mu bintu by’agaciro, bituma twiyumvisha uburyo iyo myenda yari myiza cyane.​—⁠Kuva 39:1-5, 22-29.

Imyambaro umuhanuzi Eliya yambaraga yari yihariye cyane, ku buryo abamubonaga bahitaga bamwibwira. Bibiliya ivuga ko ‘uwo mugabo yambaraga umwambaro w’ubwoya, agakenyera umukandara w’uruhu.’ Imyaka magana nyuma yaho, hari abantu bitiranyije Yohana Umubatiza na Eliya, wenda ahari babitewe n’uko bambaraga kimwe.​—2 Abami 1:8; Matayo 3:4; Yohana 1:21.

Ubudodo n’amabara. Bibiliya igaragaza neza ibintu bitandukanye bakoragamo imyenda, amabara yayo n’ibyo bayakoragamo, ikanavuga uko babohaga n’uko badodaga.a Ahanini ubudodo buvugwa muri Bibiliya bwabaga bukomoka ku bwoya bw’amatungo cyangwa ku bimera. Mu Ntangiriro 4:2 havuga ko Abeli yari “umwungeri w’intama.” Niba Abeli yarororaga intama ashaka ubwoya bwazo, nta cyo Bibiliya ibivugaho. Inkuru ya kera cyane yo muri Bibiliya ivuga iby’ubudodo bwiza, yerekeza ku myenda Farawo yambitse Yozefu mu kinyejana cya 18 Mbere ya Yesu (Intangiriro 41:42). Nubwo Bibiliya itagaragaza neza niba Abayahudi barakoreshaga ipamba mu gukora imyenda, abantu ba kera bo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati bararikoreshaga.

Ubudodo buturuka ku bimera n’ubudodo bukozwe mu bwoya bw’amatungo, barabuboheranyaga bukavamo indodo ziboheranyije zigiye zitandukanye mu bunini. Izo ndodo nini bazikoragamo udutambaro. Izo ndodo nini ndetse n’utwo dutambaro babyinikaga mu marangi y’amabara atandukanye. Umwenda bawukataga bakurikije uko uzawambara angana. Akenshi wasangaga imyenda iriho imitako ifumye, igizwe n’indodo z’amabara menshi zisobekeranye, bityo umwenda ukarushaho kugaragara neza kandi ukagira agaciro.​—⁠Abacamanza 5:30.

Mu mabara yaterwaga mu myenda, akunze kuvugwa muri Bibiliya ni ubururu, isine n’umutuku utose. Abisirayeli bari barategetswe ko ku myambaro yabo ‘aho incunda zitereye, bateraho agashumi k’ubururu’ kugira ngo bibibutse ko bafitanye imishyikirano yihariye n’Imana yabo Yehova (Kubara 15:38-​40). Ijambo ry’igiheburayo tekheleth, risobanura ibara rijya gusa n’ubururu, n’ijambo ‘ar·ga·manʹ, rihindurwamo ibara ry’isine, ni amabara yabaga ari ku myenda y’umutambyi mukuru n’indi mitako yo mu ihema ry’ibonaniro no mu rusengero.

Imyenda yo mu ihema ry’ibonaniro no mu rusengero. Ihema ry’ibonaniro ryari mu butayu, n’urusengero rwaje kubakwa i Yerusalemu, byari bifite uruhare rukomeye mu gusenga kw’Abisirayeli. Ni yo mpamvu Bibiliya yatanze ibisobanuro birambuye ku birebana n’uko iryo hema n’urwo rusengero byagombaga kuba byubatse n’ibikoresho byari gushyirwamo. Uretse ibikoresho n’amabara yabyo, Bibiliya inasobanura uko imyenda yo gutwikira ihema n’iyo gukinga mu marembo yari iboshye, amabara yayo n’imitako yabaga ifumyeho.

Umwuka wa Yehova watumye Besaleli na Oholiyabu, bari abanyabukorikori b’abahanga, hamwe n’abandi bagabo n’abagore, basohoza neza inshingano yihariye bari bahawe yo kubaka ihema ry’ibonaniro rikwiranye n’abasenga Yehova (Kuva 35:30-35). Mu gitabo cyo Kuva igice cya 26, havuga mu buryo bunonosoye ibikoresho byose by’ihema ry’ibonaniro n’uburyo ryagombaga kubakwa. Urugero, imyenda yo gutwikira ihema yari ifite amabara atandukanye, yari iboshye mu “budodo bw’ubururu [bukaraze] n’ubwoya buteye ibara ry’isine n’ubudodo bw’umutuku.” Ibyinshi mu byo bubakishije ihema ry’ibonaniro bashobora kuba barabitwaye igihe bavaga muri Egiputa. Umwenda ukingiriza wari imbere mu ihema watandukanyaga “Ahera n’Ahera Cyane” (Kuva 26:1, 31-33). Wari ukoranywe ubuhanga buhanitse, urimo amabara menshi kandi ufumyeho ibishushanyo by’abakerubi. Nanone abagombaga gutunganya imyenda yo mu rusengero rw’i Yerusalemu bayobowe n’Umwami Salomo, na bo bahawe amabwiriza nk’ayo.​—⁠2 Ibyo ku Ngoma 2:1, 7.

Duhereye kuri ibyo bisobanuro byo muri Bibiliya, turabona ko Abaheburayo ba kera bari bafite ubuhanga bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bari bafite. Izi nkuru zituma tubona ko ishyanga ry’Abisirayeli ritari ubwoko bwari bwarasigaye inyuma, bwambaraga imyambaro idafite epfo na ruguru. Ahubwo tubona ko bagiraga imyambaro ifite imideri n’amabara bitandukanye, bambaraga bahinduranya bitewe n’ibintu byabaye, ibihe by’umwaka cyangwa amikoro y’umuryango.

Bibiliya itubwira ko Abisirayeli bari barahawe igihugu cyiza “gitemba amata n’ubuki” ngo bakibemo (Kuva 3:8; Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 26:9, 15). Iyo bakoreraga Yehova nk’uko ashaka yabahaga imigisha. Bari babayeho neza, bishimiye ubuzima kandi banyuzwe. Urugero, Bibiliya iratubwira iti “mu minsi yose ya Salomo Abayuda n’Abisirayeli bakomeza kwibera amahoro, buri wese atuye munsi y’umuzabibu we no munsi y’umutini we, uhereye i Dani ukageza i Beri-Sheba.”​—⁠1 Abami 4:25.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Agasanduku/Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 26, 27]

Ubwoya n’ubudodo

Mu bihe bya Bibiliya, ahanini intama bazororaga bashaka amata n’ubwoya bwazo. Niyo umworozi yabaga afite intama nke, zashoboraga kumuhesha ubwoya buhagije yabohamo imyambaro y’abagize umuryango we. Iyo yabaga yoroye intama nyinshi, ubwoya busagutse yashoboraga kubugurisha abantu bakora imyenda bo mu gace k’iwabo. Mu migi imwe n’imwe no mu nsisiro, habaga amashyirahamwe y’abantu bakora imyenda. Kuva kera, buri mwaka habagaho abantu babaga bashinzwe umurimo wo gukemura ubwoya bw’intama.​—⁠Intangiriro 31:19; 38:13; 1 Samweli 25:4, 11.

Imyenda myiza yakundwaga cyane, yakorwaga mu budodo bwavaga mu bimera (Kuva 9:31). Ibyo bimera byasarurwaga bitarera neza. Barabicaga bakabyanika ku zuba ngo byume, maze bakabyinika mu mazi kugira ngo byorohe. Iyo byamaraga kuma, barabihondaga, bagatandukanya ibishishwa n’ubudodo, bakabutoranya, bakabuzingamo ibidongi. Abantu b’ibwami n’abandi bakomeye bakundaga imyenda ikoze muri ubwo budodo.

[Ifoto]

Ubudodo buva mu bimera mbere yo kubwinika

[Agasanduku/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 27]

Gukaraga ubudodo

Urudodo rumwe, rwaba urukomoka ku bimera, mu bwoya busanzwe cyangwa ubw’ihene, ruba rworoshye cyane kandi ari rugufi cyane ku buryo rutakoreshwa rwonyine. Ni yo mpamvu bafataga indodo nyinshi bakazikaraga cyangwa bakaziboheranya kugira ngo zivemo urudodo rukomeye kandi rufite uburebure bifuza. Bibiliya ivuga iby’ “umugore ushoboye” igira iti “yarambuye amaboko ye afata igiti gitunganyirizwaho ubudodo, kandi amaboko ye afata igiti babuzingiraho” (Imigani 31:10, 19). Ibyo bigaragaza uko babohaga. Bifashishaga igiti gitunganyirizwaho ubudodo n’igiti babuzingiraho.

Mu kuboko kumwe, umugore yabaga afashe igiti gitunganyirizwaho ubudodo; bwabaga bukubiranyijeho ariko budahambiriyeho cyane. Yakoreshaga ukundi kuboko, agakurura bwa budodo, akagenda abukaraga bukavamo urudodo rumwe runini, akabufatisha ku kantu kameze nk’ihango kari ku giti babuzingiraho ahagana hasi. Ku mutwe w’icyo giti, habaga hari ingasire iremereye yatumaga icyo giti cyikaraga. Uko uwo mugore yagendaga akaraga icyo giti, ni na ko yabaga akaraga ubudodo bukavamo urudodo rungana n’uko ashaka. Urwo rudodo rwagendaga rwizinguriza ku giti kizingirwaho urudodo, bigakomeza bityo kugeza igihe ubudodo bwose bwari ku giti gitunganyirizwaho ubudodo buhinduka urudodo rumwe rurerure, bashoboraga guhita binika mu irangi cyangwa bagatangira kurubohesha.

[Agasanduku/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 28 n’iya 29]

Gutera amabara

Nyuma yo kuboha ubwoya no kubutunganya, babuteragamo amabara atandukanye. Babwinikaga incuro nyinshi mu irangi kugira ngo bufate ibara neza. Kubera ko irangi ryabahendaga cyane, iryabaga risagutse nyuma yo gukamura ubudodo, bararibikaga kugira ngo bazarikoreshe n’ikindi gihe. Ubudodo cyangwa umwenda bamaze guteramo irangi barawanikaga kugira ngo wumuke.

Kubera ko nta nganda zikora amarangi zariho, abantu ba kera bakoraga amarangi adacuya kandi atandukanye, mu bintu bikomoka ku matungo no mu bimera. Urugero, irangi ry’umuhondo ryavaga mu mababi y’igiti cy’umuluzi no mu gishishwa cy’imbere cy’igiti cy’ikomamanga, na ho irangi ry’umukara rikava mu gishishwa cy’inyuma cy’icyo giti. Irangi ritukura ryo ryavaga mu mizi y’ubwoko bwihariye bw’ibiti cyangwa mu dukoko two mu bwoko bw’inigwahabiri. Irangi ry’ubururu na ryo ryavaga mu ndabo z’ibiti. Iyo bahuzaga ibintu bikomoka ku moko atandukanye y’ibinyamushongo byo mu nyanja, habonekaga amabara atandukanye, urugero nk’ibara ry’isine ryakundwaga n’abantu bakomeye, irijya gusa n’ubururu n’ibara ry’umutuku utose.

Bakoreshaga ibinyamushongo bingahe kugira ngo babone irangi binikamo umwenda? Hari ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko bitewe n’uko ikinyamushongo kimwe cyavagamo irangi rike, habaga hakenewe ibigera ku 10.000 kugira ngo babone irangi ryo kwinikamo ikanzu imwe cyangwa igishura cy’ibara ry’isine ryambarwaga n’abami. Ku ngoma y’Umwami Nabonide w’i Babuloni, bivugwa ko igiciro cy’ubwoya buteye ibara ry’isine cyabaga gikubye incuro 40 icy’ubwoya buteye andi mabara. Kubera ko Tiro ya kera yari ikize cyane, bikaba binavugwa ko ari ho iryo bara rihenze ryaturukaga, iryo bara ry’isine ryaje kwitirirwa uwo mugi.

[Amafoto]

Ikijonjogoro

I tel dor muri isirayeli, aho binikaga imyenda bayitera ibara ry’isine, mu kinyejana cya 2 cyangwa icya 3

[Aho ifoto yavuye]

The Tel Dor Project

[Agasanduku/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 29]

Kuboha

Kuboha byabaga bikubiyemo kugenda basobekeranya ubudodo, kugira ngo bakuremo imyambaro cyangwa ibindi bintu bashaka bifite ibipimo bifuza. Indodo zimwe bazitondekaga zihagaritse, maze bakagenda bazisobekeranya n’izindi zitambitse. Mu kuzisobekeranya, izitambitse bagendaga bazinyuza hejuru no munsi y’izihagaritse.

Mu bihe bya Bibiliya, igikoresho bifashishaga mu kuboha hari ubwo cyabaga kirambuye, gishashe hasi, cyangwa se gihagaritse ari kirekire. Kuri bimwe muri ibyo bikoresho byo kuboha byabaga bihagaritse, habaga hanaganaho amabuye afashe ku gice cyo hasi cy’ubudodo babaga baboha. Ibyo bikoresho byo kuboha bya kera byagiye bivumburwa mu duce dutandukanye two muri Isirayeli.

Akenshi kuboha wabaga ari umwe mu mirimo isanzwe yo mu rugo. Ariko hari n’aho wasangaga urusisiro rwose ruhuriye ku mwuga wo kuboha. Urugero, mu 1 Ibyo ku Ngoma 4:21 hari inkuru ivuga iby’ “imiryango y’ababoha imyenda y’ubudodo bwiza,” uko bigaragara akaba yari amashyirahamwe y’ababigize umwuga.

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 26 n’iya 27]

“Ubudodo bw’ubururu n’ubwoya buteye ibara ry’isine.”​—Kuva 26:1.