Kwita ku Mutungo wa Shebuja

¹ Mu bihe bya Bibiliya, igisonga cyari gifite umwanya wo guhabwa inshingano zikomeye. Aburahamu yahaye igisonga cye umurimo wo gushakira umuhungu we Isaka umugore (Itang 24:1-4). Mu by’ukuri, icyo gisonga cyari gifite inshingano yo gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo abakomoka kuri Aburahamu bororoke. Mbega inshingano! Ntibitangaje rero kuba intumwa Pawulo yaravuze ati “ibisonga bishakwaho ko biba abanyamurava!”​—1 Kor 4:2.

Umurimo w’Abakristo wo Kuba Ibisonga

² Muri Bibiliya, ibice bimwe na bimwe bigize umurimo wa Gikristo, bivugwa ko ari umurimo wo kuba igisonga. Urugero, intumwa Pawulo yabwiye Abefeso ibihereranye n’ ‘ubutware [“ubusonga,” NW ] bwo kugabura ubuntu bw’Imana yahawe ku bwabo’ (Ef 3:2; Kolo 1:25). Yabonaga ko umurimo we wo kugeza ubutumwa bwiza ku mahanga ari ishingano yo kuba igisonga agomba gusohoza ari uwizerwa (Ibyak 9:15; 22:21). Intumwa Petero yandikiye abavandimwe be basizwe agira ati “mucumbikirane, mutitotomba: kandi nk’uko umuntu yahawe impano, abe ari ko muzigaburirana, nk’uko bikwiriye ibisonga byiza by’ubuntu bw’Imana bw’uburyo bwinshi” (1 Pet 4:9, 10; Heb 13:16). Ibintu byose byo mu buryo bw’umubiri abo Bakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere bari batunze, babikeshaga ubuntu bwa Yehova. Ku bw’ibyo rero, bari ibisonga by’ibyo bintu, kandi bagombaga kubikoresha mu buryo bwa Gikristo.

³ Muri iki gihe, Abahamya ba Yehova babona ibintu batyo. Biyeguriye Yehova Imana kandi babona ko ibyo bafite byose​—ni ukuvuga ubuzima bwabo, imbaraga zo mu buryo bw’umubiri, ubutunzi bwabo​—ari imbuto z’ “ubuntu bw’Imana bw’uburyo bwinshi.” Kubera ko ari ibisonga byiza, bumva bafite icyo babazwa na Yehova Imana ku bihereranye n’uburyo bakoresha ibyo bintu. Ikindi kandi, bahawe ubumenyi bw’ubutumwa bwiza. Ibyo na byo ni ikibitsanyo bagomba gukoresha mu buryo bwiza cyane uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo baheshe izina rya Yehova ikuzo kandi bafashe n’abandi kugira ubumenyi ku bihereranye n’ukuri.​—Mat 28:19, 20; 1 Tim 2:3, 4; 2 Tim 1:13, 14.

⁴ Ni gute Abahamya ba Yehova basohoza inshingano yabo yo kuba ibisonga? Raporo y’umwaka yerekana ko mu mwaka ushize honyine, ku isi hose bakoresheje amasaha asaga miriyari babwiriza “ubutumwa bwiza bw’ubwami,” kandi bayoborera abantu bashimishijwe ibyigisho bya Bibiliya byo mu rugo bisaga 4.500.000 (Mat 24:14). Nanone kandi, kuba ari ibisonga bya Yehova byizerwa, byagaragajwe n’impano batanze babikunze zagenewe umurimo ukorerwa ku isi hose no mu gushyigikira umushinga wo kubaka Inzu z’Ubwami zo mu karere kabo, n’umuco wabo wo kwakira abagenzuzi basura amatorero n’abandi, hamwe n’ineza idasanzwe bagaragariza abakeneye ubufasha cyane​—urugero nk’abagezweho n’ingaruka z’ubushyamirane bukoreshwamo intwaro. Bose hamwe uko ari itsinda muri rusange, bafata neza umutungo wa shebuja.

“[I]gisonga Gikiranuka, cy’Ubwenge”

⁵ Umurimo wo kuba igisonga, si umurimo umuntu akora ku gite cye, ahubwo nanone ukorwa mu rwego rw’umuteguro. Yesu yise itorero ry’Abakristo basizwe bo ku isi “[i]gisonga gikiranuka cy’ubwenge” (Luka 12:42). Inshingano y’icyo “gisonga gikiranuka,” ni iyo gutanga “ifunguro” no kuyobora umurimo mpuzamahanga wo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza (Ibyah 12:17). Ku birebana n’ibyo, abagize itsinda ry’igisonga gikiranuka, bahagarariwe n’Inteko Nyobozi, bafite inshingano yo kugenzura uko impano z’amafaranga zigenerwa umurimo ukorerwa ku isi hose zikoreshwa. Izo mpano zose ni ikibitsanyo, kandi ‘igisonga gikiranuka cy’ubwenge,’ gishinzwe kureba ko zakoreshejwe icyo zagenewe, kandi ko zakoreshejwe mu buryo buhuje n’ubwenge, nta kwaya, kandi mu buryo bugira ingaruka nziza.

⁶ Urugero rugaragaza ko amafaranga yatanzwe akoreshwa mu buryo buhuje n’ubwenge, rugaragarira mu kwaguka k’umurimo wo gucapa ibitabo wakozwe n’Abahamya ba Yehova mu kinyejana cya 20. Gutanga Bibiliya hamwe n’ibitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya​—ni ukuvuga amagazeti, ibitabo, udutabo, inkuru z’Ubwami n’Inkuru z’Ubwami [zihariye]​—byagize uruhare rw’ingenzi mu gukwirakwiza “ubutumwa bwiza” muri iyi “minsi y’imperuka” (Mar 13:10; 2 Tim 3:1). Kandi igazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi yabaye igikoresho cy’ingenzi mu guha abo “mu nzu y’Imana” ‘igerero igihe cyaryo’ hamwe na bagenzi babo bagize “[imbaga y’]abantu benshi” b’ “izindi ntama.”​—Mat 24:45; Ef 2:19; Ibyah 7:9; Yoh 10:16.

⁷ Mbere, ibitabo byose by’Abahamya ba Yehova byacapwaga n’abacuruzi bakoraga umurimo wo gucapa ibitabo. Ariko mu myaka ya za 20, hafashwe icyemezo cy’uko byagira ingaruka nziza kurushaho, kandi bikaba ari no kwirinda kwaya, abagaragu ba Yehova baramutse ari bo bicapiye ibitabo. Mu myaka ya za 20, umurimo wo gucapa watangiye gukorerwa i Brooklyn, i New York, mu rugero ruto, wagiye waguka buhoro buhoro kugeza aho wagutse cyane. Mu mwaka wa 1967, amacapiro yari yubatswe mu mijyi ine. Nanone kandi, umurimo wo gucapa wari waratangijwe mu bindi bihugu, ariko mu bihugu byinshi muri byo, Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose yawuburijemo.

⁸ Uko umurimo wo gucapa wagendaga waguka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika kose, ntiwigeze ukorwa mu rugero runini bihagije ku buryo wahaza isi yose. Ku bw’ibyo rero, mu myaka yakurikiyeho nyuma y’intambara, ibikorwa byo gucapa byatangijwe cyangwa byarimo bitangizwa mu bindi bihugu byinshi, hakubiyemo Afurika y’Epfo, Danemark, Kanada, Ubudage bw’i Burengerazuba, Ubugiriki, Ubusuwisi, Ubwongereza. Nanone kandi, mu ntangiriro ya za 70, Brezili, Filipine, Finilande, Gana, Nigeriya, Ositaraliya n’Ubuyapani byongewe ku rutonde rw’ibihugu byagombaga gukorerwamo umurimo wo gucapa. Nanone, bimwe muri ibyo bihugu byajyaga bicapa imibumbe y’ibitabo. Nanone kandi, mu ntangiriro ya za 70, abamisiyonari b’i Galeedi bahuguwe mu bihereranye n’ubuhanga bwo gucapa, maze boherezwa muri bimwe muri ibyo bihugu kugira ngo bafashe abavandimwe baho mu murimo wo gucapa.

⁹ Mu myaka ya za 80, umubare w’ibihugu amagazeti yacapirwagamo wageze ku kwiyongera kwa 51.a Mbega ukuntu ibyo byose byagaragaje ko umutungo wa shebuja wakoreshejwe neza! Mbega igihamya gikomeye kigaragaza ukwaguka k’umurimo w’Ubwami! Kandi mbega igihamya gikomeye kigaragaza ukuntu Abahamya ba Yehova babarirwa muri za miriyoni, buri muntu ku giti cye, bashyigikiye uwo murimo babigiranye umutima ukunze kugira ngo ‘bubahishe Uwiteka ubutunzi bwabo’ (Imig 3:9)! Bityo rero, bagaragaje ko ari ibisonga byiza by’ibyo Yehova yabahayeho imigisha mu buryo bunyuranye.

Habayeho Ihinduka

¹⁰ Mu myaka ya za 70 no mu ntangiriro ya za 80, habayeho amajyambere akomeye mu buhanga bwo gucapa, kandi Abahamya ba Yehova bahisemo uburyo bushya bwo gucapa. Mbere y’aho, bakoreshaga uburyo bwa kera bwo gucapa bwitwa typographie. Ibyo byagiye bihinduka buhoro buhoro uko bagendaga batangira gukoresha ubuhanga bushyashya bwo gucapa inyandiko bwita offset. Ibyo byagize ingaruka z’uko ubu hacapwa ibitabo byiza bifite amashusho y’amabara menshi mu mwanya w’amashusho afite amabara abiri (umukara n’irindi bara) yashobokaga mu buryo bwa kera bwo gucapa bwitwa typographie. Ikindi kandi, ikoranabuhanga rya za orudinateri ryahinduye uburyo bwo gutegura inyandiko igomba gucapwa. Abahamya ba Yehova batangiye gukoresha Uburyo bwa Elegitoronika Bukoreshwa mu Gutegura no Gucapa Inyandiko mu ndimi nyinshi (MEPS), ubwo bukaba ari uburyo bwashyizwe muri orudinateri butuma inyandiko zicapwa mu ndimi zinyuranye zisaga 370. Nta porogaramu y’abacuruzi yagereranywa na MEPS ku bihereranye n’ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora mu ndimi nyinshi cyane bene ako kageni.

¹¹ Binyuriye ku bufasha dukesha ikoranabuhanga rya za orudinateri, ari ryo MEPS, n’imikoreshereze y’ubundi buhanga bushya bw’itumanaho, habayeho andi majyambere mu gutegura amafunguro yo mu buryo bw’umwuka igihe cyayo. Mbere, mu gihe hakoreshwaga ikoranabuhanga rya kera, amagazeti yasohokaga mu zindi ndimi yarahinduwe avanywe mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza, yabonekaga nyuma y’amezi runaka ndetse na nyuma y’umwaka. Muri iki gihe, Umunara w’Umurinzi usohokera icyarimwe mu ndimi zinyuranye 115, naho Réveillez-vous! igasohokera icyarimwe mu ndimi 62. Ibyo bishaka kuvuga ko ku isi hose, mu bantu baterana Icyigisho cy’Umunara w’Umurinzi buri cyumweru, abasaga 95 ku ijana basuzumira icyarimwe inyigisho imwe. Mbega ukuntu ibyo ari imigisha! Mu by’ukuri, gushora imari muri iryo koranabuhanga ryose rishya, bwari uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha umutungo wa shebuja!

Ibintu Binyuranye Bikenewe mu Rwego rw’Umuteguro

¹² Ubwo buryo bushyashya bwo gucapa bwahinduye ibintu bikenewe mu rwego rw’umuteguro ku isi hose mu bihereranye n’imirimo yo gucapa ikorwa n’Abahamya ba Yehova. Amacapiro akoresha ubuhanga bwitwa offset, akora mu buryo bwihuse cyane kuruta amacapiro akoresha uburyo bwa kera bwo gucapa bwitwa typographie, ariko nanone bukaba buhenze cyane kurushaho. Uburyo bwo gukoresha orudinateri buteza imbere umurimo bifitanye isano, urugero nko kwandika, guhindura, ubukorikori no gushushanya, n’ubwo bufite akandi kamaro kurusha uburyo bwa kera, na bwo burahenda cyane. Bidatinze, byagaragaye ko gucapira amagazeti mu bihugu 51 binyuranye bitari bigihendutse. Ku bw’ibyo, mu myaka ya za 90, “igisonga gikiranuka” cyongeye gusuzuma iyo mimerere. Umwanzuro wabaye uwuhe?

¹³ Isuzuma ryagaragaje ko “ubutunzi” butangwa n’Abahamya ba Yehova hamwe n’incuti zabo, bwakoreshwa mu buryo bugira ingaruka nziza mu gihe umurimo wo gucapa wagenda uhurizwa ahantu hamwe. Bityo rero, umubare w’amashami akorerwamo umurimo wo gucapa wagiye ugabanywa buhoro buhoro. Ubudage bwahawe inshingano yo gucapira ibihugu byinshi byo mu Burayi bw’i Burasirazuba n’i Burengerazuba, hakubiyemo n’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe byahoze byicapira amagazeti n’ibitabo byabyo. Ubutaliyani bukorera ibice by’Afurika n’Uburayi bw’i Burasirazuba bw’Amajyepfo, hakubiyemo Ubugiriki na Alubaniya. Muri Afurika, muri Nijeriya no muri Afurika y’Epfo ni ho honyine hacapirwa amagazeti. Ku isi hose hagiye hafatwa ingamba nk’izo zo guhuriza hamwe imirimo yo gucapa.

Ibintu Byagombaga Gusuzumanwa Ubwitonzi

¹⁴ Muri Nyakanga 1998, gucapa amagazeti bizaba byarahagaritswe mu bihugu byinshi byo mu Burayi, hakubiyemo Danemark, Otirishiya, Pays Bas, Ubufaransa, Ubugiriki, n’Ubusuwisirk. Umuzigo wo gucapa mu Burayi uzikorerwa na Finilande, Hisipaniya, Suède, Ubudage, Ubutaliyani n’Ubwongereza. Muri ubwo buryo, tuzirinda gusesa bitari ngombwa kandi n’impano zitangwa zizakoreshwa mu buryo bwiza kurushaho mu murimo ukorerwa ku isi hose. Ni gute hafashwe umwanzuro wo kumenya ibihugu bigomba kugumana amacapiro n’ibigomba guhagarika gucapa? Mu gukomeza gusohoza inshingano bahawe yo kwita ku mutungo wa shebuja mu buryo buhuje n’ubwenge, abagize “igisonga gikiranuka” basuzumye babigiranye ubwitonzi ukuntu umurimo wo gucapa muri buri capiro ushobora gukorwa mu buryo bugira ingaruka nziza.

¹⁵ Impamvu y’ingenzi yatumye umurimo wo gucapa uhagarara mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe kandi ukagenda uhurizwa hamwe mu bindi bihugu, ni uko byari ingirakamaro. Guteganya ko igihugu kimwe cyacapira ibitabo ibindi bihugu byinshi birakwiriye kurushaho, kandi ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo gukoresha neza ibikoresho bihenze. Ubu umurimo wo gucapa urimo urakorerwa aho ibiciro bihendutse, ibikoresho bikaba bihaboneka kandi uburyo bwo kohereza ibintu bukaba ari bwiza. Bityo rero, umutungo wa shebuja urimo urakoreshwa mu buryo bukwiriye. Birumvikana ariko ko guhagarika umurimo wo gucapira mu gihugu runaka, bidashaka kuvuga ko muri icyo gihugu umurimo wo kubwiriza uhagaze. Hazakomeza kubaho inyandiko nyinshi zicapwe, kandi Abahamya ba Yehova babarirwa mu bihumbi amagana bo muri ibyo bihugu bazakomeza kubwira abaturanyi babo “ubutumwa bwiza bw’amahoro,” babigiranye umwete (Ef 2:17). Ikindi kandi, iryo vugurura ryagize n’izindi nyungu.

¹⁶ Inyungu imwe twavuga ni uko, imashini zicapa hafi ya zose zo muri iki gihe zo muri Danemark, Ubugiriki, Ubuholandi n’Ubusuwisi zoherejwe muri Nijeriya no muri Filipine. Abakozi b’abahanga bazobereye mu byo gucapa bakora muri za Beteli bo mu bihugu byo mu Burayi, bemeye itumira ribasaba kujyana n’imashini zicapa maze bagatoza abakozi bo mu turere zoherejwemo kugira ngo bashobore kuzikoresha. Ku bw’ibyo rero, ubu ibyo bihugu birimo birabona amagazeti meza cyane nk’ayo ibindi bihugu byabonye.

¹⁷ Dore indi nyungu: Mu bihugu bike umurimo wo gucapa amagazeti wakomeje, weze imbuto. Ingaruka ni uko, mu bihugu umurimo wo gucapa wahagaritswe, ubu umutungo uhari ukoreshwa mu bindi bintu, urugero nko kubaka Amazu y’Ubwami no gufasha mu kwita ku byo abavandimwe bacu bakeneye mu bihugu bikennye. Bityo rero, gukoresha umutungo wa shebuja mu buryo bwitondewe, bisobanura ko amagambo Pawulo yandikiye Abakorinto ashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bugira ingaruka nziza kurushaho mu rwego mpuzamahanga, amagambo agira ati “simvugiye ntyo, kugira ngo abandi boroherezwe, namwe ngo murushywe. Ahubwo ni ukugira ngo munganye, ngo ibibasagutse muri iki gihe bihabwe abandi mu bukene bwabo, . . . munganye.”​—2 Kor 8:13, 14.

¹⁸ Ingaruka yo guhurizahamwe ayo macapiro, ni uko Abahamya ba Yehova bari ku isi hose bunze ubumwe cyane kurushaho kuruta mbere hose. Kuba amagazeti y’Abahamya bo muri Danemark acapirwa mu Budage nta kibazo bibateye, n’ubwo bayicapiraga. Bishimira umurimo w’abavandimwe babo b’Abadage. Mbese, Abahamya ba Yehova bo mu Budage barakazwa n’uko impano zabo zikoreshwa mu gutegura ibitabo by’abo muri Danemark​—cyangwa by’abo mu Burusiya, Ukraine no mu bindi bihugu? Oya rwose! Bishimira kumenya ko impano z’abavandimwe babo bo muri ibyo bihugu zishobora gukoreshwa mu bindi bintu bya ngombwa.

Kwita ku Mutungo

¹⁹ Muri buri Nzu y’Ubwami y’Abahamya ba Yehova ku isi hose, hari agasanduku k’impano kanditsweho ngo “Impano Zigenewe Gushyigikira Umurimo wa Sosayiti Ukorerwa ku Isi Hose​—Matayo 24:14.” Impano zitanzwe ku bushake, zishyirwa muri utwo dusanduku zigenewe gukoreshwa aho bikenewe. Uko impano zikoreshwa, bifatirwa umwanzuro n’ “igisonga gikiranuka” na buri shami ku giti cyaryo. Ku bw’ibyo rero, amafaranga ashyirwa mu gasanduku k’impano mu gihugu kimwe, ashobora gushyigikira imirimo y’Abahamya ba Yehova bo mu kindi gihugu kiri ku birometero bibarirwa mu bihumbi. Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, impano zagiye zikoreshwa mu guha ubufasha bwihutirwa abizera bagenzi bacu bazahazwa n’ibintu runaka, urugero nk’impanuka zitewe na Serwakira, inkubi y’umuyaga, imitingito y’isi n’intambara zishyamiranya abenegihugu. Kandi izo mpano zirimo zirakoreshwa mu gufasha abamisiyonari bari mu bihugu bisaga 200.

²⁰ Mu matorero y’Abahamya ba Yehova, nk’uko ari itegeko rusange, ibintu bihereranye n’amafaranga bivugwa rimwe mu kwezi gusa​—kandi mu minota mike gusa. Nta masahani atambagizwa mu Nzu y’Ubwami cyangwa mu makoraniro kugira ngo abantu bashyiremo amaturo. Nta bwo habaho gusaba amafaranga abantu ku giti cyabo. Nta n’ubwo habaho abashinzwe gukusanya amafaranga babihemberwa. Ubusanzwe, buri mwaka mu Munara w’Umurinzi haba harimo ingingo imwe isobanura ukuntu ababishaka bashobora gutanga impano zigenewe Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society kugira ngo zishyigikire umurimo ukorerwa ku isi hose. Muri Réveillez-vous! ntihavugwamo buri gihe ibihereranye n’umutongo wa Sosayiti. None se, ni gute umurimo ukomeye wo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza, kubaka Amazu y’Ubwami akenewe, kwita ku bakora umurimo wihariye w’igihe cyose no gufasha Abakristo babikeneye, byagezweho? Yehova yahaye imigisha ubwoko bwe mu buryo butangaje yo kugira umutima wo gutanga bubikunze (2 Kor 8:2). Tuboneyeho umwanya wo gushimira abantu bose bifatanyije mu ‘kubahisha Uwiteka ubutunzi bwabo.’ Bashobora kwiringira badashidikanya ko “igisonga gikiranuka” kizakomeza kurinda umutungo wa Shebuja. Kandi turasaba ko Yehova yazakomeza guha imigisha gahunda zose zakozwe zo kwagura umurimo ukorerwa ku isi hose.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]