Nta gitabo icyo ari cyo cyose cy’idini cyahwana na Bibiliya, kuko usanga imyizerere y’abantu benshi ari yo ishingiyeho. Ariko nanone, Bibiliya ni cyo gitabo cyajowe cyane kandi gikorwaho ubushakashatsi bwitondewe.

Urugero hari abibaza niba mu by’ukuri Bibiliya zo muri iki gihe zihuje n’ibyari mu mwandiko w’umwimerere wa Bibiliya. Hari umwarimu w’Iyobokamana wavuze ati “ntitwakwizera ijana ku ijana ko twandukuye neza umwandiko w’umwimerere.” Yakomeje agira ati “Bibiliya dufite zuzuye amakosa, kandi inyinshi muri zo zanditswe nyuma y’ibinyejana byinshi umwandiko w’umwimerere ubonetse, kandi uko bigaragara zitandukanye cyane n’uwo mwandiko.”

Abandi bo ntibemera ko Bibiliya ihuje n’umwandiko w’umwimerere bitewe n’amadini bakuriyemo. Urugero, uwitwa Faizal yigishijwe n’ababyeyi be batari Abakristo ko Bibiliya ari igitabo cyera, ariko ko yagiye ihindagurika. Yaravuze ati “ibyo byatumye ntizera ababaga bashaka kuyinyigisha.” Naribwiraga nti “buriya se baba barwana n’iki ko nta Bibiliya y’umwimerere bafite!”

Ese kuba umwandiko wa Bibiliya warahindutse cyangwa utarahindutse hari icyo bitwaye? Byaba byiza usuzumye ibibazo bikurikira: Ese wakwizera amasezerano ahumuriza yo muri Bibiliya utazi neza ko yabonekaga mu mwandiko w’umwimerere (Abaroma 15:4)? Ubwo se wakwirushya wifashisha amahame yayo mu gihe ufata imyanzuro ikomeye, nko mu birebana n’akazi, umuryango cyangwa gusenga Imana, kandi wumva ko Bibiliya ari igitabo cyuzuyemo amakosa?

Nubwo hari ibitabo by’umwimerere bigize Bibiliya bitakiriho, dushobora kwifashisha inyandiko za kera, hakubiyemo n’inyandiko za Bibiliya nyinshi zandikishijwe intoki. None se byagenze bite ngo izo nyandiko zirindwe kandi ze kwangirika cyangwa ngo umwandiko wazo ntugorekwe? Ni mu buhe buryo kuba izo nyandiko zikiriho bituma turushaho kwiringira Bibiliya dufite muri iki gihe? Reka turebe ibisubizo by’ibyo bibazo mu ngingo ikurikira.

AKAGA KARI KAYUGARIJE: Abanditsi ba Bibiliya n’abandi bayandukuye babanje kuyandika ku bintu bikozwe mu rufunzo no mu mpua(2 Timoteyo 4:13). Kuki izo nyandiko zitangiritse kandi zari zanditse kuri ibyo bintu byombi?

Urufunzo rucika ubusa, rugacuya kandi ntirukomera. Richard Parkinson na Stephen Quirke bagize bati “amaherezo rugera aho rugacikamo uduce kandi rukangirika mu gihe ruhuye n’ivumbi. Iyo urufunzo rubitswe igihe, rushobora kugwa uruhumbu, rukaribwa n’imbeba cyangwa udukoko, naho mu gihe rutabye rukaba rushobora kuribwa n’imiswa.” Byagaragaye ko iyo ruhuye n’urumuri rwinshi cyangwa ubukonje bukabije, rwangirika vuba.

Ibintu bandikagaho bikozwe mu mpu byo birakomera ugereranyije n’ibyo mu rufunzo. Icyakora na byo bishobora kwangirika iyo bifashwe nabi cyangwa bigahura n’ubushyuhe bukabije, ubukonje cyangwa urumuri.b Impu na zo zikunze kwibasirwa n’udukoko. Ni yo mpamvu igitabo kimwe cyagize kiti “kuba Bibiliya itarangiritse ni ibintu bidasanzwe.” Iyo Bibiliya yangirika, ubutumwa bukubiyemo na bwo bwari gutakara.—Everyday Writing in the Graeco-Roman East.

UKO BIBILIYA YAROKOTSE: Amategeko y’Abayahudi yasabaga buri mwami gukoporora ‘igitabo cy’amategeko’ cyari kigizwe n’ibitabo bitanu bibanza bigize Bibiliya (Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 17:18). Uretse n’ibyo kandi, abandukuzi b’abahanga bo mu kinyejana cya mbere banditse inyandiko nyinshi zandikishijwe intoki, ku buryo washoboraga kuzisanga mu masinagogi yose yo muri Isirayeli, ndetse no muri Makedoniya, nubwo hari kure (Luka 4:16, 17; Ibyakozwe 17:11). None se byagenze bite ngo izo nyandiko za kera zibe zikiriho?

Umuhanga mu gusesengura Isezerano Rishya witwa Philip W. Comfort yagize ati “Abayahudi babikaga imizingo y’Ibyanditswe mu bibindi kugira ngo itangirika.” Ni yo mpamvu abashakashatsi bavumbuye inyandiko za kera za Bibiliya zandikishijwe intoki mu bibindi, ahantu hijimye, mu buvumo bw’ahantu hashyuha.

BIBILIYA YARATSINZE: Kugeza ubu hari ibice by’inyandiko za Bibiliya byandikishijwe intoki bimaze imyaka irenga 2000. Nta zindi nyandiko za kera zandikishijwe intoki wabona zimaze igihe kingana gityo.

AKAGA KARI KAYUGARIJE: Hari abanyapolitiki benshi n’abayobozi b’amadini bari bafite intego zinyuranye n’ibyo Bibiliya ivuga. Incuro nyinshi bifashishaga ububasha babaga bafite kugira ngo babuze abantu kuyitunga, kuyicapa no kuyihindura mu zindi ndimi. Reka turebe ingero ebyiri:

• Ahagana mu mwaka wa 167 Mbere ya Yesu: Umwami w’Abaseluside witwaga Antiochus Épiphane yagerageje guhatira Abayahudi kuyoboka idini ry’Abagiriki, maze ategeka ko batwika inyandiko zose z’igiheburayo. Umuhanga mu by’amateka witwa Heinrich Graetz yaravuze ati “[iyo abakozi be] babonaga imizingo y’Amategeko barayicaga, bakayitwika kandi bakica umuntu wese bafataga ayisoma.”

• Hagati y’ikinyejana cya 5 n’icya 15: Bamwe mu bayobozi ba Kiliziya Gatolika bararakaye bitewe n’uko abayoboke babo babwirizaga ubutumwa butandukanye n’inyigisho za Kiliziya Gatolika, bakavuga ko umuntu wese ufite ibindi bitabo bya Bibiliya uretse Zaburi zo mu kilatini, ari umwanzi wa Kiliziya. Hari abayobozi b’idini bashyizeho abantu bo “gushakisha abanzi ba Kiliziya . . . bakajya mu mazu yose n’ahandi hantu hose babaga bakeka umuntu utunze Bibiliya. . . . Inzu yose basangagamo umwanzi wa Kiliziya barayisenyaga.”

Iyo abarwanyaga Bibiliya bashobora kuyirimbura, ubutumwa buyirimo na bwo buba bwarazimangatanye burundu.

UKO BIBILIYA YAROKOTSE: Nubwo Umwami Antiochus yarwanyaga cyane Abayahudi bari muri Isirayeli, hari andi matsinda menshi y’Abayahudi yabaga mu bindi bihugu. N’ikimenyimenyi, hari intiti zivuga ko mu kinyejana cya mbere, Abayahudi basaga 60 ku ijana babaga mu bindi bihugu. Abo Bayahudi, babikaga inyandiko z’Ibyanditswe mu masinagogi yabo. Izo nyandiko ni na zo zaje gukoreshwa nyuma yaho ari na zo Abakristo bafite ubu.—Ibyakozwe 15:21.

Hagati y’ikinyejana cya 5 n’icya 15, abakundaga Bibiliya bahuye n’ibitotezo bikaze ariko bakomeza guhindura Ibyanditswe mu zindi ndimi, kandi bakomeza kubyandukura. Ahagana mu kinyejana cya 15 rwagati, ibice bya Bibiliya byashoboraga kuboneka mu ndimi zigera kuri 33, na mbere y’uko ibyo gucapa bitangira. Nyuma yaho, Bibiliya yahinduwe mu zindi ndimi kandi icapwa kurusha mbere hose.

BIBILIYA YARATSINZE: Nubwo abami n’abayobozi b’amadini bari barayobye barwanyije Bibiliya mu buryo bukomeye, ni cyo gitabo cyakwirakwijwe kandi kigahindurwa mu ndimi nyinshi kurusha ibindi bitabo byabayeho. Bibiliya yagize uruhare mu birebana no gushyiraho amategeko y’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe, indimi z’abantu no guhindura imibereho y’abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni.

AKAGA KARI KAYUGARIJE: Akaga kari kugarije Bibiliya, urugero nko kwangirika cyangwa kurwanywa nta cyo byayitwaye. Icyakora hari abandukuzi bamwe n’abayihinduye mu zindi ndimi bagerageje kugoreka ubutumwa bwayo. Batsimbaraye ku nyigisho zabo, aho kwigisha ibyo Bibiliya ivuga. Reka turebe uko byagenze:

• Aho gusengera: Hagati y’ikinyejana cya kane n’icya kabiri Mbere ya Yesu, abanditsi ba Pantateki ya Gisamariya, hari amagambo bongeye mu murongo wo mu Kuva 20:17, avuga ngo “muri Gerizimu, ni ho uzubaka igicaniro.” Abasamariya bifuzaga ko uwo murongo w’Ibyanditswe wazabafasha kumvikanisha igikorwa cyo kuba barubatse urusengero ku musozi wa Gerizimu.

• Inyigisho y’Ubutatu: Nyuma y’imyaka itageze kuri 300 Bibiliya yanditswe, umwanditsi washyigikiraga inyigisho y’Ubutatu yongereye amagambo muri 1 Yohana 5:7, agira ati “ mu ijuru haba Data, Jambo n’Umwuka Wera kandi bose ni umwe.” Ayo magambo ntaboneka mu mwandiko w’umwimerere. Umuhanga mu bya Bibiliya witwa Bruce Metzger yaranditse ati “kuva mu kinyejana cya gatandatu gukomeza,” ayo magambo “yakundaga kugaragara mu nyandiko zandikishijwe intoki z’ikilatini cya kera no muri Bibiliya y’ikilatini ya Vulgate.”

• Izina ry’Imana: Abenshi mu bahinduzi ba Bibiliya bafashe umwanzuro wo kuvana izina ry’Imana mu Byanditswe, bagendeye ku migenzo y’Abayahudi. Iryo zina ry’Imana barishimbuje amazina y’icyubahiro urugero nk’“Imana” cyangwa “Umwami;” ayo ni amazina yo muri Bibiliya yerekeza ku Muremyi ariko ashobora no kwerekezwa ku bantu, ku bintu bisengwa no kuri Satani.—Yohana 10:34, 35; 1 Abakorinto 8:5, 6; 2 Abakorinto 4:4.a

UKO BIBILIYA YAROKOTSE: Icya mbere, nubwo hari abandukuye Bibiliya batagiraga icyo bitaho cyangwa bakayigoreka, hari abandi benshi bayandukuye babigiranye ubuhanga kandi babyitondeye. Abamasoreti bandukuye Ibyanditswe by’igiheburayo hagati y’ikinyejana cya gatandatu n’icya cumi, bakora umwandiko w’Abamasoreti. Babaraga amagambo n’inyuguti kugira ngo barebe ko nta kosa na rimwe ryabacitse. Aho bakekaga ko hari amakosa mu mwandiko w’ibanze bakoreshaga, babyandikaga mu mukika. Banze kugoreka ubutumwa bwo muri Bibiliya. Hari umuhanga witwa Moshe Goshen-Gottstein wagize ati “bumvaga ko kugoreka uwo mwandiko ari icyaha gikomeye.”

Icya kabiri, inyandiko nyinshi zandikishijwe intoki ziriho muri iki gihe, zifasha abahanga mu bya Bibiliya kumenya amakosa yakozwe. Urugero, abayobozi b’amadini bamaze ibinyejana byinshi bigisha abayoboke babo ko Bibiliya bafite zo mu kilatini zirimo umwandiko uhuje n’ukuri. Igitangaje ariko, ni uko muri 1 Yohana 5:7 bongeyemo ikosa twigeze kuvuga muri iyi ngingo. Iryo kosa ryaje no kugera muri Bibiliya ikundwa cyane yitwa King James Version. Ariko se byagenze bite igihe havumburwaga izindi nyandiko zandikishijwe intoki? Bruce Metzger yaranditse ati “ayo magambo [1 Yohana 5:7] ntaboneka mu nyandiko za kera zandikishijwe intoki (inyandiko y’igisiriyake, igikobute, icyarumeniya, ikinyetiyopiya, icyarabu, n’iy’igisilave), uretse mu kilatini gusa.” Amaherezo Bibiliya ya King James Version n’izindi Bibiliya zaravuguruwe, ayo makosa akurwamo.

Ese kuba hariho inyandiko za kera za Bibiliya zandikishijwe intoki bishatse kuvuga ko Bibiliya dufite ubu zitarimo amakosa? Igihe abahanga mu bya Bibiliya bavumburaga imizingo ya Bibiliya yo ku Nyanja y’Umunyu mu mwaka wa 1947, ni bwo bagereranyije umwandiko w’Igiheburayo wanditswe n’Abamasoreti n’uwari umaze imyaka isaga igihumbi wanditswe mu mizingo ya Bibiliya. Umwe mu bakoze ubushakashatsi kuri iyo mizingo yo ku Nyanja y’Umunyu, yavuze ko uramutse ufashe umuzingo umwe muri iyo “wabona gihamya idashidikanywaho y’uko umwandiko wa Bibiliya wagiye uhererekanywa n’abandukuzi b’Abayahudi mu buryo bwitondewe, mu gihe cy’imyaka irenga igihumbi.”

Inzu y’ibitabo yitiriwe Chester Beatty iri i Dublin muri Irilande, yakusanyirijwemo inyandiko zose zanditse ku mfunzo zirimo ibintu hafi ya byose byo mu bitabo by’Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya gikristo, hakubiyemo n’inyandiko zandikishijwe intoki zo mu kinyejana cya kabiri, zanditswe hashize imyaka 100 Bibiliya irangije kwandikwa. Hari igitabo gisobanura Bibiliya cyagize kiti “nubwo inyandiko zanditse ku mpapuro zikozwe mu mfunzo zari zikubiyemo andi makuru arambuye ku bihereranye n’umwandiko wa Bibiliya, zinagaragaza ko umwandiko wa Bibiliya wagiye uhererekanywa mu buryo bwitondewe.”—The Anchor Bible Dictionary.

BIBILIYA YARATSINZE: Aho kugira ngo inyandiko nyinshi za kera zandikishijwe intoki zitume umwandiko wa Bibiliya utumvikana, zatumye urushaho gusobanuka. Hari umuhanga mu gusesengura inyandiko z’Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya gikristo witwa Frederic Kenyon wagize ati “nta gitabo na kimwe cya kera gifite ibintu byinshi nk’ibyo, bigaragaza ko umwandiko wacyo uhuje n’ukuri kandi n’intiti zishyira mu gaciro, zemeza ko uwo mwandiko uhuje n’ukuri.” Hari undi muhanga mu gusesengura inyandiko z’igiheburayo witwa William Henry Green wagize ati “ndemeza ko icyo ari cyo gitabo cyonyine cya kera cyagiye gihererekanywa ariko ubutumwa bwacyo ntibuhinduke.”

Muri iki gihe dushobora gusoma Bibiliya kubera ko yatsinze ibitero byose byayigabweho. Mu gihe uhisemo gusoma Bibiliya ihinduye neza, ushobora kwizera ko urimo usoma umwandiko uhuje n’uw’umwimerere.a None se ko Bibiliya yashoboraga kwangirika, ikaba yaragabweho ibitero bikomeye kandi abantu bakaba barashakaga kugoreka ubutumwa bwayo, kuki byose nta cyo byagezeho? Kuki twavuga ko Bibiliya ari igitabo kidasanzwe?

Abantu benshi biga Bibiliya, na bo basanze ‘Ibyanditswe byera byose byarahumetswe n’Imana’ nk’uko intumwa Pawulo yabibonaga (2 Timoteyo 3:16). Bemera ko kuba Bibiliya ikiriho kugeza n’uyu munsi, ari uko yihariye kubera ko ari Ijambo ry’Imana. Faizal, twavuze mu ngingo ibanza, yiyemeje kwiga Bibiliya kugira ngo asuzume izo mpamvu zose. Ibyo yagezeho byaramutangaje cyane. Yaje kumenya ko inyigisho ziganje mu madini yiyita aya gikristo, zitaba muri Bibiliya. Yakozwe ku mutima n’umugambi Imana ifitiye isi nk’uko byanditswe mu Ijambo ryayo.

Yagize ati “ubu noneho nemera ntashidikanya ko Bibiliya dufite ubu ari impano ituruka ku Mana. Niba Imana yararemye isanzure, ifite n’ubushobozi bwo kuduha Bibiliya no kuyirinda. Uwabihakana, yaba ashatse kuvuga ko Imana nta mbaraga ifite cyangwa ko idashobora byose! None se ndi iki ku buryo navuga ko Imana idashobora byose?”—Yesaya 40:8.